Jaclyn Ciccone

Phases of the Vietnam War

Advisory Phase

*Lyndon B. Johnson*

*The Great Society*

*JFK**Thought they needed more help*More equipment and advisors

*Eisenhower and the Domino Theory*

*Loss of indochina, of Burma, of Thailand, of the Peninsula, and Indonesia following

*Assassinations*

*Many assassinations went on*Shows the brutality of the war

*Terrorist bombings in Saigon*

*Many Americans were wounded in the terrorist bombings

*More advisors and weapons*

*JFK send more advisors and weapons

*Operation Chopper*

*Transported 1,000 South Vietnamese paratroopers to a suspected assault on an NLF stronghold

*Agent Orange* (Dioxin)*Killed many civilians and caused tons of birth defects. Defoliated forests.

Americanization Phase

*Operation Rolling Thunder*

*It became the most intense air/ground battle during the Cold War Era. *There was 4 objectives that evolved over time.

*DOW*

*Continued to let the US spray it. They lied to them about its consequences.

*Operation Cedar Falls*

*Search and destroy in the “Ion Triangle”.*The Ion Triangle was a stronghold of the NLF

*Teach-in’s** Teach-ins are meant to be practical, participatory, and oriented toward action.

*MLK on Vietnam*

*He said all America wanted was violence

*Anti-War Rallys*

*Many people wanted the war to be over

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(Secretary of Defense)

*McNamara*

*He said there was a “light at the end of the tunnel”

*Tet Offensive*

 *The purpose of the offensive was to utilize the element of surprise and strike military and civilian command and control centers throughout South Vietnam, during a period when no attacks were supposed to take place

*My Lai Massacre*

*US military opened fire on an innocent village

• “We held the line. We stopped the

falling of the dominoes.”

• “it’s not that we lost the war militarily.

The fact is, we as a nation did not

make good our commitment to the

South Vietnamese.”

• -General William Childs Westmoreland

*’We held the line’*

Vietnamization Phase

*Vietnamization*-It diminished the role for US military-

*Trying to make the Vietnamese stand on their own

*Secret bombing of Cambodia*

*Nixon bombed part of the Ho Chi Minh trail without Gov. “say”

*Kent State*

*Ohio Nation Guard shot into a crowd of unarmed college students.*Fired 67 rounds in 13 seconds*killed four students and wounded 9 others

*Pentagon Papers*

*It was written by a team of analysts who had access to classified documents.

*Watergate*

*Led to Nixon resigning*He was accused of placing hidden recorders in the Watergate

*Nixon Visits China*

*Nixon visited China in hopes he would start the first steps towards a peaceful relationship.

*Secret Peace Talks*

*The talks were secret.*Everyone wanted to know what was going on with the war.

*Kissinger-”peace is at hand*

*He believed the tension of the war was finally coming to an end.

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Le Duc Tho and Kissinger won the Nobel

Peace Prize. Le Duc Tho didn’t want to

accept it because he thought that they

didn’t fully establish peace. Kissinger

accepted it.

*Le Duc Tho*

US Conventional Troops, (not counting

covert personnel) departed March 1973.

*Leaving Vietnam*