JapanJapan::

8000BCE-8000BCE-presentpresent

8000BCE-600CE• P- shifting of capital to Heian; Yomato clan (first/only dynasty

to rule Japan); Prince Shotoku creates Taika Reforms• E- ---------------------------------------------------• R- Shintoism, Buddhism (Chinese Buddhist missionaries)• S- Jomon- first signs of civilization and stable living patterns,

Ainu. Hunter-gatherer lifestyle, Yayoi- pre-sinicized Wu people with tattooing, teeth-pulling and baby-carrying, Kofun- Strong military states, powerful clans.

• I- tributary state to China.; much cultural diffusion into Japan from China.

• A- Jomon- Clay and pottery became big, clothing made of fur, Yayoi- Weaving, iron and bronze making, Kofun- Iron and bronze making

600CE-1450• P- (Heian Court) moving of Japanese capital; Fujiwara the P- (Heian Court) moving of Japanese capital; Fujiwara the

ruling family; emperor remains figurehead; (Feudal ruling family; emperor remains figurehead; (Feudal Japan/Kamakura Shogunate) shoguns, daimyo, Code of Japan/Kamakura Shogunate) shoguns, daimyo, Code of Bushido used by samurais; Yoritomo Morimoto recieves Bushido used by samurais; Yoritomo Morimoto recieves title of shogun in 1192title of shogun in 1192

• E- Fujiwara family very rich; Japanese samurai fought for E- Fujiwara family very rich; Japanese samurai fought for lord in exchange for allowanceslord in exchange for allowances

• R- (Heian Court) Shintoism; (Feudal Japan/ Kamakura R- (Heian Court) Shintoism; (Feudal Japan/ Kamakura Shogunate) zen- BuddhismShogunate) zen- Buddhism

• S- EmperorS- Emperornobles/Ccurt societynobles/Ccurt societysamuraissamuraispeasants; peasants; nobles had many rules- length of sword, color of robes, etc. nobles had many rules- length of sword, color of robes, etc. Grew more interesting in luxury and artistic pursuits than Grew more interesting in luxury and artistic pursuits than governing; etiquette was important: noble women- hair governing; etiquette was important: noble women- hair down to ankles, blackened teeth, dyed clothes to match down to ankles, blackened teeth, dyed clothes to match season; commoners looked down upon; samurais-loyal season; commoners looked down upon; samurais-loyal warriors, followed Code of Bushidowarriors, followed Code of Bushido

• I- interaction with China – received ideas of Buddhism, I- interaction with China – received ideas of Buddhism, writing system, civil service examinations, etc.writing system, civil service examinations, etc.

•   A- adopted Chinese writing and painted landscapes in A- adopted Chinese writing and painted landscapes in Chinese manner, began to focus less on Chinese culture Chinese manner, began to focus less on Chinese culture and Japanese culture started to bloom, many diaries, and Japanese culture started to bloom, many diaries, essays, and novels were written about the Heian period- essays, and novels were written about the Heian period- Lady Murasaki Shikibu & Sei Shonagon were famous Lady Murasaki Shikibu & Sei Shonagon were famous writers.writers.

1450-1750• P- in 1600, Tokugawa Ieyasu established Tokugawa

Shogunate; daimyo; Edo period (capital moves to Edo)• E- goods and ideas traded mainly with China and Korea;

Nagasaki and restricted trade• R- Confucianism; prosicution of Christians• S- Emperor (highest rank), Daimyo (large landowners) &

Shogun (Actual ruler), samurai warriors, peasants (four-fifths of population) & Artisans (craftspeople), merchants (gradually gained influence)

• I-(1467-1573) period called “Sengoku” or “Country at War” – Japan in constant state of warfare among competing feudal lords. (civil war); National Seclusion Policy

• A- haikus grew popular, Matsuo Basho- greatest of all Japanese haiku poets. ; Kabuki theatre- skits about modern life, had music, dance, elaborate costumes ; Ceremonial Noh dramas based on tragic themes.

•  

1750-1914• P- abolition of feudalism; Japan considered an imperial and

world power; diet electedto parliament• E- Meiji period (1868) launched economic expansion – free

market economy and adopted British and North American’s free enterprise economy; Industrial Revolution

• R- Buddhism fell out of favor with the new government, and Shinto was declared the official religion of the state. (http://www.virtualmuseum.ca/Exhibitions/Meiji/english/html/body_religion.html)

• S- New ranks of nobility- prince, marquis, count, viscount, and baron.; Ee ja and nai ka- carnivalesque religious celebrations and communal activities; samurai class taken away

• I- (February 10, 1904 – September 5, 1905) – Russo-Japanese War; Japanese force Russians out of Manchuria

• A- traditional art became more modernized; style changed, but the meaning mostly remained the same    

1914-present • P- Liberal Democracy Party; parliamentary democracy; less

conformity• E- WWII (esp. the bombing of Nagasaki and Hiroshima) destroyed

Japan’s economy; historical phenomenon of Japan’s record period of economic growth following WWII. (mainly because of U.S. investments and Japan’s Ministry of International Trade and Industry); low unemployment rate (about 4%); Japan’s main export markets (respectively): the United States, the European Union, China, South Korean, Taiwan, and Hong Kong.; Japan’s main import markets (respectively): China, the United States, the European Union, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Australia, South Korea, and Indonesia.

• R- state- Shintoism• S- militarism and nationalism grew rapidly; statism- Japanese right

socialism• I-WWII: (Japan on Axis side) Japan’s bombing of Pearl Harbor,

Hawaii on morning of December 7, 1941 and the U.S.’s bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki on August 6 and 9, 1945.

• A- many theorist, philosophers, and socialists came out of this time period. Traditional art forms (kabuki, woodblock prints) remain popular, but foreign trends (oil painting, sculpture) grow popular; cinema, animation, photography, and fashion grow.    

Change and ContinuityChange

• For a long time, politics were important to the nobles. However, during the Heian Period, they grew more interested in luxury and artistic pursuits than governing. (8000bce-600ce)

• Japan had been influenced by Chinese culture for awhile, but during the Feudal Japan their own culture started to bloom. (600ce-1450ce)

• During the Meiji Period, people started to focus on modernizing art than traditional art. (1750-1914)

• Shifting of capitals multiple timess~Heian,(8000bce-600ce )and Edo(1450-1750,)

• ShintoismBuddhism (zen)Confucianism

• Samurai class taken away (1750-1914)

Continuity• Tributary state to China• Traditional art forms such

as kabuki and woodblock printing stay popular

• Emperors remained the top of the social pyramid, but shoguns remained the ones who meant the most in government.

• Style changed in art, but the meaning behind it remained the same.        

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