Japan’s International Contribution in the Field of ICT for Disaster Risk Reduction

Yasuo Sakamoto, Vice-Minister for Policy Coordination (International Affairs),

Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (MIC), Japan March 14, 2015

1

2

Worldwide Disaster Situation and Japan’s Position

0

0

0

61 Billion 35 Billion 66 Billion

87 Billion

165 Billion

251 Billion

39 Billion

82 Billion

203 Billion

50 Billion

138 Billion

371 Billion

138 Billion

16666 39496

21342

113513

244880

93076 29893

22424

241567

15264

304812

33825 9330

174 Million

109 Million

659 Million

255 Million 162 Million 161 Million

126 Million

212 Million 222 Million

199 Million

255 Million 211 Million

106 Million

Storms caused the most economic damage - this was also the year of

Hurricane Katrina. Earthquakes caused the most economic damage - this was also the year of the

Sichuan earthquake in China.

Earthquakes caused the most economic damage - this was also the year of the Great East

Japan Earthquake.

Drought affected most people - this was also the year of major

drought in India and China

Floods affected most people - this was also the year of major flooding in south and central parts of China

Earthquakes killed the most people - this was also the year of Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami

Storms killed the most people - this was also the year of Cyclone

NARGIS

Earthquakes killed the most people - this

was also the year of the Haiti earthquake.

2012 2000 2011 2010 2009 2008 2007 2006 2005 2004 2003 2002 2001

DAMAGE

AFFECTED

KILLED

Source：UNISDR

Damage by disasters all over the world after 2000 3

International Financing of DRR 4

World Bank $ 3.57 billion = 25.7%

Japan $ 3.75 billion = 27.6%

International financing of disaster risk reduction (DRR) in 1991-2010 (Bilateral and multilateral donors: Total $13.5 billion)

Japan contributes to “mainstreaming of disaster risk reduction” in the international society.

“Mainstreaming of disaster risk reduction” is to make disaster risk reduction (DRR) the most preferential subject and to introduce disaster preparedness in all development policies and projects.

Source: Financing Disaster Risk Reduction (2013)

Among bilateral donors, Japan’s share is 64%.

5

Importance of ICT in the Field of

Disaster Risk Reduction

Lessons from the Great East Japan Earthquake 6

4%

6%

20%

51%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60%

Built refuge facilitiessuch as evacuationtowers for residents

Enhance disasterprevention facilitiessuch as seawalls

Deliver tsunami andevacuation informationsurely even in case of

power failure

Evacuate to upland assoon as possible

Most important counter measures to protect community from tsunami

Method to confirm safety of family members living together

1%

17%

25%

69%

7%

0% 20% 40% 60% 80%

Other

Direct confirmation

E-mail by mobilephone

Telephon call bymobile phone

Telephon call by fixed-line phone

…

Source: Special Working Group of the Cabinet Office

CONCEPT “3S”: Features of ICT for DRR

• To make communication networks resilient • To enhance information security • To utilize ICT to make social infrastructure resillient

2 Secure

• ICT utilization when disaster occurs to visualize disaster situation • Sensor networks to collect big data • Big data utilization to predict disaster with high precision

3 Smart

Seamless in Time • Information Sharing among

Systems in Each Phase of Prevention, Emergency Response, Recovery/Reconstruction

• Utilizing Past Disaster Information for Future Disaster Prediction

• Prompt Information Sharing When Disaster Occurs

Seamless in Space • Cross-regional and cross-

border Information sharing • ICT as Social Infrastructure • Resolving Digital Divide to Realize

Disaster Information Transmission not Restricted by Geological Conditions

• Providing appropriate disaster information based on local ICT infrastructure

Seamless between Organizations

Responsible for DRR • Mutual Information Sharing

among National Government, Local Governments and Communities

• Information Sharing within Respective Organizations

• Information Transmission to Residents and Communities through Various Media

1 Seamless

7

[Resilience]

Efforts toward realizing CONCEPT “3S” and Lessons 8

Difficulty of access to necessary information

Information divide among institutions, residents

Occurrence of communication congestion

Damage to communication infrastructure

(including loss of power supply)

Lessons for ICT systems from the Great East Japan Earthquake

Efforts of the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications

Vulnerability of printed documentt

Based on 2011/2012 White Paper Information and Communication in Japan

• ICT infrastructure to collect and integrate disaster information, and to deliver it by various media

1 Seamless

• Ensuring communication networks

• R&D for resilient communication infrastructure

2 Secure

• Enhancement of coping capabilities by digitalization

• Utilization of SNS, Cloud computing, IoT and Big data

3 Smart

9 1. Seamless: L-Alert

Municipal governments

Information Provider

Prefectures Connected with

standard format

Various types

of format

Collection, format

conversion, and distribution

Information Communicator

Net operator

Radio operator

TV operator

Radio

Digital TV

Mobile phone ・Smartphone Emergency prompt mail （Push distribution for all in the area ）

Utilization of disaster prevention application （Push distribution to application users）

Emergency broadcast （provided by sound）

Web distribution

Data broadcasting, etc. （text is displayed）

Central government

Lifeline New service operators

Mobile phone operator

Signage, car navigation, etc.

Cable Terrestrial

Main server Backup

server

Local Resident

10 1. Seamless: Area Mail

Earthquake detected

Earthquake occurs

Broadcast to specified areas

Not delivered to other areas

Area A

Area B

JMA*

Earthquake Early Warning Earthquake occurred off X area. Please be prepared for strong tremors.

Disaster occurs

Evacuation Directive The X river is in danger of flooding ・・・・

National/local public bodies

Earthquake Early Warning**

Notify by special buzzer or vibration

Earthquake Early Warning

Tsunami Warning

Tsunami Warning People in coastal areas should evacuate to safe places such as hills immediately. （JMA）

Popup display image

Tsunami Warnings**

Disaster/evacuation information

Notify by a special ringtone

** Japanese Only

* Japan Meteorological Agency

Area Mail System

Area Mail

11 2. Secure: Disaster Resistant ICT Research Center

The National Institute of Information and Communications Technology (NICT) aims:

• To develop a disaster-resistant ICT system • To revitalize of economic activities in the affected areas

NICT has established a world top level research center, “Disaster resistant ICT research center,” in Tohoku University to promote Industry-Academic-Government collaborative research.

Organization of the Center: Center Head: Dr. Yoshiaki Nemoto, Deputy Head: Dr. Hiroshi Shibuya.

25 Staff (including 12 Researchers in 3 laboratories)

• March 11, 2011 The Great East Japan Earthquake • April 2012 Inauguration of the Center • May in 2012 Inauguration of Disaster Resistant ICT

Research Development Meeting • March 25, 2013 Disaster Resistant ICT Research Symposium

and Demonstration • March 3, 2014 Opening ceremony

12 2.Secure: Disaster Resistant ICT Research Center

Wireless technology sector

Information science sector

Photonic technology sector

Vigorous participation in SIP (Cross-ministerial Strategic Innovation Promotion Program)

Provision of test bed functions, collaboration with municipalities/disaster preparedness agencies, etc.

Transmission of Japan’s ICT for disaster risk reduction domestically and overseas

Disaster resistant information analysis system

Transportable optical amplifier

JGN-XInternet

片平キャンパス青葉山キャンパス

NICT本部

200 m

Mesh node integrated with LED streetlight

Rooftop mesh node w/o 2.4 GHz Wi-Fi AP

Rooftop WiMAX base station

5.6 GHz Wi-Fi link

2.4 GHz Wi-Fi coverage

Rooftop mesh node w/ 2.4 GHz Wi-Fi AP

JGN-X connected mesh nodeWiMAX link

UAS relay node Vehicle installation earth station

(Material: NHK Takamatsu

Mesh experiment equipment and emulator

Emergency

Path connection for key communications

Connection-off when unnecessary/not urgent

Optical packet/optical path integrated node

Sharing by pass and packet

要望の一覧（例）

13 3.Smart: Disaana (Disaster Resistant SNS Information Analysis System)

Users

Input Japanese questions Provide replies by PC and

smart phone

• Rapid and exhaustive grasp of damaged situation

• Grasp/efficiency of relief situations

Collect/analyze information

submitted to SNS Disaana Opening to the public from November 2014 (Functions partially)

Analyze Twitter data for January following the Great East Japan Earthquake

14

International Contribution by ICT for Disaster Risk Reduction

Solution Map of ICT for DRR in Japan 15

Terminal on-site

equipment

･Sensor (earthquake, water level, rainfall amount, wind speed, landslide, etc.) ･Meteorological radar ･Camera (fixed, mobile, helicopter) ･Satellite observation (image, position information)

･Broadcast reception terminal (IP announcement terminal, PC, etc.) ･One segment terminal ･Speaker ･Mini satellite earth station

Application

･Meteorological observation information collection system ･Damage information collection system ･Safety/evacuation information collection system ･Image monitoring/analysis system

･Meteorological analysis system ･Geographical information system ･Shelters/evacuees management system ･Supplies management system ･Administrative operation system

･Damage forecasting system

･Emergency information transmission system ･Evacuation information / announcement management system

Platform ･Sensor information collection/control infrastructure

･Comprehensive disaster prevention information system ･Risk management information management system ･Space data platform system ･Infrastructure management system ･Police/fire prevention command and control system

･Cloud platform/big data analysis

･Emergency alarm broadcast ･Cell broadcast

Com

munication

infrastructure

･Disaster prevention administrative radio network（mobile） ･Satellite communications

･Disaster prevention administrative radio（broadcast reception, mobile） ･Satellite communications ･Portable fire prevention module in disaster

･Satellite communications ･Radio communications networks（FWA, WiFi, microwave, TV White Space, etc.） ･Submarine cable

Observation/Collection Information analysis (Centralization) Delivery

･ L-ALERT ･ J-ALERT

Accumulation

Disaster

prevention use

General use

MIC’s Efforts on ICT for DRR 16

Government-level Dialogue

F/S, Pilot Project

Workshops for Capacity Building

Collaboration with Relevant Agencies

Promoting mutual understanding with partner countries

Deepening understanding of ICT

solutions

Capacity building

Expansion into the whole field of disaster

prevention

Issues Efforts

17 Japan’s contributions in ICT for DRR in the world

・Flood inundation simulation (2012) Thailand

・High sensitivity monitoring camera system（2013） ・Submerged cable seismograph（2012） ・Emergency management information system（2013）

Taiwan

・ICT for disaster management (2011-) ・Public broadband mobile communications system（2014） ・Comprehensive disaster preparedness system（2013） ・National space data infrastructure system（2014）

Indonesia ・ICT materials/equipment support (2011 -)

AHA Centre

・Spate/flood simulation (2006) U.K.

・ISDB-T Emergency alarm broadcasting system (2013)

Honduras

・Disaster preparedness communication network（2013）

Tonga

・Emergency alarm broadcasting (2014) ・Meteorological radar（2014） ・MDRU（2014-）

Philippines

・Flood damage forecast system（2014） ・Damage information collection functions（2014） ・Disaster information unified transmission system （2014） ・Bridge managementt sensor system (2012)

Vietnam

※ Based on industry survey

・Meteorological radar (2014) India

May 2014, supported by the ASEAN-Japan ICT Fund Workshop on Sensor Networks

• Outline: Lectures and site visits on Japanese technologies for sensor networks for disaster risk reduction and environment observation.

• Participants: ASEAN member countries’ ICT ministries (18 officials in total).

June 2014, supported by the Asia-Pacific Telecommunity (APT) Voluntary Contribution

Workshop on Disaster Management and Communications

• Outline: Lectures and site visits on Japanese technologies for emergency communication and emergency warning systems

• Participants: APT member countries’ ICT/DM ministries (93 officials in total)

Dec. 2014, supported by the ASEAN-Japan ICT Fund) Workshop on

ICT for Disaster Management • Outline: Lectures and site visits on Japanese ICT for disaster management • Participants: ASEAN member countries’ ICT ministries (13 officials in total)

Japan’s Contributions: Workshops for Capacity Building

Covering ICT for disaster management and related areas

Developing human resources in cooperation with international organizations

18

Japan’s Contribution: AHA Centre 19

The AHA Centre was established in November 2011 in Jakarta for handling communication and coordination activities among disaster management agencies of ASEAN countries when disasters or emergency situations arise in the ASEAN region.

AHA Centre: ASEAN co-ordinating centre for Humanitarian Assistance on disaster management

Roles of the AHA Centre • Normal Times

• Monitoring situation of the ASEAN region • Supporting training for disaster management • Holding workshops on disaster management

• At the time of disaster • Sharing disaster information and coordinating emergency

response activities with ASEAN countries MIC’s Support to the AHA Centre MIC provides ICT facilities through the Japan-ASEAN Integration Fund (JAIF)

Disaster Management Agency

Establishment of communications network Introduction of information sharing system

Install ICT systems Dispatch a Japanese specialist to the AHA center. Capacity building for AHA center staff, disaster response agencies.

emergency response emergency communication equipment, backup,etc.

Phase 1: Nov 2011 – Mar 2013

Phase 3 April 2015 (projection -)

Phase 2: April 2013 - Mar 2015

20 Japan’s Contributions: MDRU

Cebu island

At the request of the Philippines, ITU, Japan (MIC), and the Philippines (DOST) signed a cooperation agreement for a joint project of MRDU. (May 2014)

MDRU won first prize in the ITU contest*and was awarded a prize in ITU Telecom World in 2013. (Nov 2013)

(*)ITU-MCMC Contest to Promote the Transformational Power of Broadband - Connecting at the Roots

MDRU (Movable and Deployable ICT Resource Unit) provides ICT services, such as wireless IP phone, rapidly and easily in disaster-affected areas.

A feasibility study of phone calls and data communication with MRDU is being carried out in northern Cebu (Dec 2014~)

Two types: Car type and Attache case type

Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications, JAPAN

Thank you!

21

21