1
Table of Contents A. Japan Faces an Unprecedented Challenge (Enormous Earthquake, Tsunamis and Nuclear Accident)
1. Damage
2. Rescue Efforts and Foreign Assistance
3. Nuclear Power Stations
B. Key Challenges
C. Impact on Japanese Economy
1. Cool Down of the Reactors
2. Contain the Spread of Radioactive Substances
3. Rigorous and Intensive Monitoring
4. Ensure the Safety of Food, Products and Decontamination
1. Reconstruction and Recovery
2. Estimated Economic Damage of the Earthquake and Plan for Reconstruction
3. Electricity and Energy Policy
4. Steps in Policy Measures for Reconstruction
D. Information sharing
1. Speedy Dissemination of Accurate Information
2. Press Release by International Organizations
1. Damage
2. Rescue Efforts and Foreign Assistance
3. Nuclear Power Stations
A. Japan Faces an Unprecedented Challenge (Enormous Earthquake, Tsunamis and Nuclear Accident)
2
US Navy/US Pacific Command
(Operation Tomodachi)
Japan deeply appreciates the assistance
offered from people all over the world.
- 163 countries and regions
- 43 international organizations
- [Rescue teams]
From 27 countries, regions and
international organizations
Great Support of the International Community
Ministry of Defense
(As of March 1st)
3
TOKYO■
Earthquakes:
M - 9.0 quake (March 11)
M - 7 class 6 times
M - 6 class 96 times
M - 5 class 588 times
Tsunamis
14 meters or higher
Japan Faces an Unprecedented Challenge (Enormous Earthquake, Tsunamis and Nuclear Accident)
Fukushima Dai-ichi
2
KYODO NEWS
Casualties : over 25,000
: over 15,850
: over 3,250
over 6,000
・Dead
・Missing
・Injured
(As of February 24th)
(As of February 8th)
Ministry of Defense
2. Rescue Efforts and Foreign Assistance
KYODO NEWS
3 Ministry of Defense
Ministry of Defense
automaticshut down
coldshut down
Unit 1 524 MW, 1984-Unit 2 825 MW, 1995-Unit 3 825 MW, 2002-
Unit 1 460 MW, 1971-Unit 2 784 MW, 1974-Unit 3 784 MW, 1976-Unit 4 784 MW, 1978-Unit 5 784 MW, 1978-Unit 6 1,100 MW, 1979-
Unit 1 1,100 MW, 1982-Unit 2 1,100 MW, 1984-Unit 3 1,100 MW, 1985-Unit 4 1,100 MW, 1987-
Unit 1 1,100 MW, 1978-
Tokai Dai-ni
Onagawa
Fukushima Dai-ichi
Fukushima Dai-ni
4 Nuclear Power Stations with 14 Units
3. Nuclear Power Stations
Nuclear Reactors near Epicenter of the Earthquake
Periodical
inspection
4 ※ Reactor Unit 4 had been defueled for maintenance.
※
TEPCO Air Photo Service Inc (Myoko, Niigata Japan)
Before the Earthquake and Tsunamis After the Earthquake and Tsunamis
5
3. Nuclear Power Stations
Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Station
46 Meter
Seawater Pump
Elevation:
about 10m
Turbine
Building
Grid Line
Diesel Generator
Reactor
Building
Seawater level
About
20M
About
40M
GE Hitachi Nuclear Energy
5.4 ~5.7m
Breakwater
Tsunami (estimated 14m)
46 Meter
6
Cause of the Damage Huge Tsunami
3. Nuclear Power Stations
Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Station
All motor operated pumps including
ECCS became inoperable
② Diesel generator inoperable
due to the tsunami
① Loss of off-site power
due to the earthquake
Evacuation-Prepared Area has been lifted on Sep 30th.
20 km radius of the plant → Restricted Area
Area where accumulated annual dose may reach 20 mSv → Deliberate Evacuation Area
3. Nuclear Power Stations
Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Station
7
Fukushima
Dai-ichi NPS
Fukushima
Dai-ni NPS
Fukushima
Dai-ichi NPS
Fukushima
Dai-ni NPS
INES Rating on the Events in Fukushima Dai-ichi NPS
Chernobyl [5.2 million TBq]
Fukushima Dai-ichi
[0.37~0.63 million TBq]
Three Miles Island
Major Accident Serious Accident Accident with Wide Consequences Accident with Local Consequences Serious Incident Incident Anomaly No Safety Significance
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
The Rating of the International Nuclear and Radiological Event Scale (INES) on
Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Station (NPS), in temporary assessed as Level 7.
*Level 7 : more than several tens of thousands TBq131I
*Level 6 : thousands to tens of thousands TBq131I
*Level 5 : hundreds to thousands TBq131I
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1. Cool Down of the Reactors
2. Contain the Spread of Radioactive Substances
3. Rigorous and Intensive Monitoring
4. Ensure the Safety of Food, Products, and
Decontamination
B. Key Challenges
9
1.Cool Down the Reactors Cold Shutdown Condition Achieved.(Completion of Step2)
Steady and Sustainable Circulating Cooling System
Cold shutdown condition has been achieved (declared on December 16th) through the
installation of circulating cooling systems for the reactors.
Revision of the evacuation zones is to be carried out on the completion of Step 2.
RPV Bottom Temperature :
less than 100 degrees. No.1 : 24.1 ℃
No.2 : 44.4℃*
No.3 : 52.7 ℃
As of February 27th
● Leak of highly radioactive water is prevented.
● Multiple safety measures have been introduced against troubles or accidents.
The radiation exposure at the site:
0.1mSv / year
(Below the target of 1 mSv / year.)
As of December 16th
Clean Water
Water Purifying
Spent Fuel Pool
PCV
Reactor
Turbine
Building
Heat Exchanger
Installation of cover
Highly
Radioactive Water
RPV
*The trend of the temperature rise in the pressure
container vessel of Unit 2 was caused by meter failure.
10
All units (Units 1-4) were immediately shut down automatically, then safely went to cold shut down.
Fukushima Dai-ni (4 Units)
TEPCO
Tohoku Electric Power Co., Inc
Onagawa (3 Units)
All units (Units 1-3) were immediately shut down automatically, then safely went into cold shutdown.
11
The unit was immediately shut down automatically, then safely went to cold shut down.
The Japan Atomic Power Company
1.Cool Down the Reactors Other Nuclear Power Stations in the Tohoku Area
Fukushima Dai-ichi
Fukushima Dai-ni
Onagawa
Tokai Dai-ni
Tokai Dai-ni (1 Unit)
TEPCO began working on the rubbles removal at top of the buildings of reactor No.3, and No.4.
Most of rubbles around 4 reactors have been removed by now and stored in the special containers.
Removal will be completed by late summer 2012 allowing TEPCO to begin removal of spent fuel rods
from the pools around 2014 .
2. Contain the Spread of Radioactive Substances
(Removal of rubbles from reactors)
A video camera
at the end
A remote-
controlled crane
Remote-operation room
Optical cables
A wrecking vehicle
A video camera
Spraying
synthetic
materials
Wrecking by special
large equipment s
Communication Station
Reactor No.3 Reactor No.4
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2. Contain the Spread of Radioactive Substances
Silt fences, steel plates, and sandbags with radioactive-substance absorption material have
been installed to contain the spread of radioactive water. The Japanese Government and TEPCO
carefully monitor seawater.
14
Unit 1 Unit 2 Unit 3 Unit 4
(Installed on 4/14)
(Installed on 4/15)
(Installed on 4/17)
(Installed on 4/16)
(Under Planning)
Silt fences
Steel plate
Sandbags
Sandbags containing Zeolite
Steel sheet pile
:Monitoring Locations by TEPCO
:Monitoring Locations by MEXT (Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and
Technology) (As of May 7th)
30km
20km
15km
15
Experts are making the utmost efforts to prevent dispersing radioactive substances
contained in dust, debris and vapor.
TEPCO
Spraying synthetic materials on the surface of the ground
and debris to prevent radioactive substances dispersion
2. Contain the Spread of Radioactive Substances
(μSv/h) Explosion in Unit2
White smoke
from Unit3
Grayish smoke from Unit3
Measurement point:
Main Gate (1.0km from Unit2)
or West Gate (1.1km from Unit2)
Monitoring posts and the readings at the
Fukushima Dai-ichi NPS
Near West Gate
21.0 μSv/h
(as of 10:00 April 25th, 2011)
Unit 1~6
Main Gate
53.0 μSv/h
3. Rigorous and Intensive Monitoring
Environmental Radioactivity Level
at the Fukushima Dai-ichi NPS
TEPCO monitors radioactivity levels every 10 minutes and releases the results
immediately. Radioactivity levels rose on March 15th, but have since fallen and
remain low.
TEPCO
2,000
0
12,000
(μSv/h)
4,000
16
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
13
-Ma
r1
4-M
ar
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-Ma
r1
6-M
ar
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-Ma
r1
8-M
ar
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-Ma
r2
0-M
ar
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-Ma
r2
2-M
ar
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-Ma
r2
4-M
ar
25
-Ma
r2
6-M
ar
27
-Ma
r2
8-M
ar
29
-Ma
r3
0-M
ar
31
-Ma
r1
-Ap
r
15
-Ap
r
1-M
ay
15
-Ma
y
Max
Min
(μSv/h)
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
14
-Ma
r
15
-Ma
r
16
-Ma
r
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-Ma
r
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-Ma
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-Ma
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-Ma
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-Ma
r
25
-Ma
r
26
-Ma
r
27
-Ma
r
28
-Ma
r
29
-Ma
r
30
-Ma
r
31
-Ma
r
1-A
pr
15
-Ap
r
1-M
ay
15
-Ma
y
(μSv/h)(μSv/h)
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
13
-Ma
r1
4-M
ar
15
-Ma
r1
6-M
ar
17
-Ma
r1
8-M
ar
19
-Ma
r2
0-M
ar
21
-Ma
r2
2-M
ar
23
-Ma
r2
4-M
ar
25
-Ma
r2
6-M
ar
27
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r2
8-M
ar
29
-Ma
r3
0-M
ar
31
-Ma
r1
-Ap
r
15
-Ap
r
1-M
ay
15
-Ma
y
Max.
Min.
(μSv/h)
3. Rigorous and Intensive Monitoring Atmospheric Readings within 100km
MEXT, Fukushima Prefectural Government
Iwaki
43km
Fukushima
61km
Sendai
90km
17
25
20
15
10 5 0
25
20
15
10 5 0
25
20
15
10 5 0
μSv/hour μSv/hour
μSv/hour
Fukushima Dai-ichi
Green box indicates
normal range of
radioactivity
0.00
0.10
0.20
0.30
0.40
14
-Ma
r1
5-M
ar
16
-Ma
r1
7-M
ar
18
-Ma
r1
9-M
ar
20
-Ma
r2
1-M
ar
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-Ma
r2
3-M
ar
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-Ma
r2
5-M
ar
26
-Ma
r2
7-M
ar
28
-Ma
r2
9-M
ar
30
-Ma
r3
1-M
ar
1-A
pr
15
-Ap
r
1-M
ay
15
-Ma
y
Max.
Min.
(μSv/h)
0.00
0.10
0.20
0.30
0.40
14
-Mar
15
-Mar
16
-Mar
17
-Mar
18
-Mar
19
-Mar
20
-Mar
21
-Mar
22
-Mar
23
-Mar
24
-Mar
25
-Mar
26
-Mar
27
-Mar
28
-Mar
29
-Mar
30
-Mar
31
-Mar
1-A
pr
15
-Ap
r
1-M
ay
15
-May
Max.
Min.
(μSv/h)
0.00
0.10
0.20
0.30
0.40
14
-Mar
16
-Mar
18
-Mar
20
-Mar
22
-Mar
24
-Mar
26
-Mar
28
-Mar
30
-Mar
1-A
pr
15
-Ap
r
1-M
ay
15
-May
Max.
Min.
(μSv/h)
0.3
0.2
0.1
0.0
Atmospheric Readings in Tokyo, Osaka and Sapporo
0.3
0.2
0.1
0.0
0.3
0.2
0.1
0.0
18 MEXT
Green box indicates
normal range of
radioactivity
μSv/hour
μSv/hour
μSv/hour
Fukushima Dai-ichi
Sapporo
630km
Tokyo
230km
Osaka
580km
0.809
3. Rigorous and Intensive Monitoring
Gunma
Miyagi
Iwate
Fukushima
Dai-ichi NPS
4. Ensure the Safety ~Farm Produce ①~
Shipping Restriction
(As of February 10th)
19
Japan inspects radioactivity in food every day, and restricts distribution of food
that fails to meet provisional regulation values taking into consideration the spread
of contamination.
Germanium semiconductor detector
※Kanagawa, Chiba: Tea and tea products only
Iwate, Miyagi: Beef and beef products only
For the latest information, please refer the website below:
http://www.mhlw.go.jp/english/topics/2011eq/index.html
4. Ensure the Safety ~Farm Produce ②~
20
Radioactive cesium which exceeded provisional regulation values (500Bq/kg) was detected in Beef. Using the traceability system established in Japan, Japanese Government determined location and status of all the meat concerned. Testing systems for food safety have been introduced and shipment restriction was lifted by August 25.
Contamination was caused
by eating radioactive rice straw.
Individual Identification Numbers Tokyo University
The individual history of all beef can be traced by identification numbers given to each cattle for meat in entire Japan.
Blanket testing has been introduced by
Prefectures and prefectural JAs (Japan
Agricultural Cooperatives).
Matsuzaka Shokuniku Public Corporation
Guidance Levels for Radionuclides
in Drinking Water
Radioactive Iodine(I131) in Drinking-Water in Tokyo (Kanamachi filter plant)
Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, EURATOM
4. Ensure the Safety ~Drinking Water~
The Japanese Government has been implementing necessary measures based on its
stringent criteria for radionuclides in drinking water, and monitoring radionuclide
levels every day.
Bureau of Waterworks Metropolitan Tokyo Government
Japan : 300
Japan (for babies) : 100
Under detectable level
79Bq/kg Recommendation was withdrawn.
210Bq/kg Recommendation that babies not intake
tap water
*On March 23, the Japanese Government recommended that the residents in Tokyo area refrain from
having their babies intake tap water, but it withdraw the recommendation in two days.
300
(for babies) 100
radioactive
cesium1,000
EU(Bq/kg)
radioactive
iodine(I131)500
200
Japan(Bq/kg)
21
・ Japanese manufacturing industries spare no effort to ensure the safety of their products.
・ Inspection institutions and industry associations provide testing service of the radiation
levels of export products.
4. Ensure the Safety ~Industrial Products~
JAMA(Japan Automobile Manufacturers Association)
Comments on Radiation Testing Related to the
Fukushima Nuclear Power Plant Situation
(April 18,2011)
<extracts>
The tests implemented by JAMA -which are conducted directly
on various designated areas of the surface of vehicles- are
showing results that fall within the range designated by the
Nuclear Safety Commission of Japan as being unthreatening to
human health, based on the daily readings performed by the
Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
in every prefecture since March25.
Example of Inspection Institutions
- Nippon Kaiji Kentei Kyokai (International Inspectation & Surveying Organization)
- SK(Shin Nihon Kentei Kyokai)
- ANCC (All Nippon Checkers Corporation)
etc.
Reference: JETRO Homepage
http://www.jetro.go.jp/world/shinsai/20110318_11.html
http://www.jama-english.jp/release/comment/2011/110418.html Reference : JAMA Homepage:
22
4. Decontamination
The decontamination process has gone under way in Fukushima Prefecture. Replacement of soils in
school fields, parks and farm lands, and using high-pressure water cleaners to decontaminate roofs,
gutters and walls of houses are being conducted.
Photo by Fukushima City
High-pressure water cleaners Replacement of soils
24
1. Reconstruction and Recovery
2. Estimated Economic Damage of the Tohoku-Pacific Ocean
Earthquake and Plan for Reconstruction
3. Electricity and Energy Policy
4. Steps in Policy Measures for Reconstruction
C. Impact on Japanese Economy
25
1.Reconstruction and Recovery (infrastructure)
Infrastructure such as roads, railroads, seaports, airports and utilities such as electric
power, gas and water have been rapidly and steadily recovering their function.
KYODO NEWS
March 13 April 13
26
1 month later
KYODO NEWS Sendai airport
Sendai airport
1. Reconstruction and Recovery (infrastructure)
Railroad Port Road
Miyagi prefectural road, Route 240 East Japan Railway, Miyagi Prefectural Government
Sendai-Shiogama Port Sendai Station 27
1 week later 1 month later 3 weeks later
1. Reconstruction and Recovery
(Return to usual life)
Ministry of Defense
Ministry of Defense
Sendai Station Ishinomaki City, Miyagi
JR
28
Adverse impact to Japanese economy is limited
(The affected area accounts for 2.5% of the Japanese
economy in terms of industrial production).
2. Economic Outlook and Estimation
~Estimated economic damage is limited~
29
Extent of the affected areas *estimated by METI (Census of Manufactures)
16.9 trillion Yen
(US$204 billion)
(Reference) Japan’s GDP : 500 trillion Yen (US$5.9 trillion)
Damaged Stocks in Disaster Areas (4% of the total stock) *estimated by the Cabinet Office of Japan
Economic Activities’ Rapid Recovery
Source: Research and Statistics Department, METI 30
Industrial production reached 95.6% of the pre-disaster level and tertiary industry
activity (services) reached 98.8% by August.
Although the real GDP contracted during the 2nd quarter by 0.5% (annualized 2.1%),
Japan’s economic activity has almost recovered from the Earthquake by summer.
80%
85%
90%
95%
100%
105%
Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug
All Industry
Tertiary Industry Activity
Industrial Production
93.6% (All Industry)
99.1% Recovery (All Industry)
Indices of All Industry Activity (seasonally adjusted)
(Feb=100)
・ Most of the manufacturing bases that had been afflicted by the earthquake and the tsunami have already recovered their production level.
(93% of those directly afflicted; 83% of those indirectly afflicted by the disaster)
Restoration of Production Bases in the Affected Areas
~Manufacturing activities & supply chains have been recovering~
31
Source: Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry
Production Level of Manufacturing Bases
Directly Afflicted by the
Disaster
Indirectly Afflicted
by the Disaster
83% Recovered
(N=91) (N=137)
93% Resumed
83% Recovered
Electricity Demand in Winter
Efforts to reduce electricity consumption will be requested to the extent that they do not interfere with people’s
lives and economic activities, during 9:00(※)-21:00 from December 1st to March 30th. (※)8:00 for Kyushu
※Electricity saving target will be set within Kansai/Kyushu EPCO area. (Kansai:10% and Kyushu: 5% reduction,
respectively.)
12:00 18:00 14:00
kW
9:00 21:00
(Large Customers)
(Small Customers) 21:00
Total use
7:00
~ ~
9:00
○ The restriction on electricity use under Article 27 of the Electricity Business Act will not
be invoked this winter.
○ The supply-demand balance will not be as tight as that of the summer 2011 even if the
suspended NPS will not be restarted.
Efforts to reduce electricity demand is requested. ※
※ 8:00 for Kyushu
Air conditioning and lighting accounts for more than 60% of electricity use in offices.
32
3. Electricity and Energy Policy Electricity Supply and Demand This Winter
4.電力需給:夏に向けた需給対策 3. Electricity and Energy Policy
Energy Policy -Four Pillars of Power Generation- ~Renewable energy and energy efficiency
set as new pillars of energy policy~
22
1. The Safety of Nuclear Energy
2. The Environmental Challenge of Fossil Fuels
3. The Practical Use of Renewable Energy
4. The Potential of Energy Efficiency
New Pillars
33
4. Steps in Policy Measures for Reconstruction
34
1st Supplementary
Budget(May 2)
2nd Supplementary
Budget Passed by the Diet
(July 25)
The
Reconstruction
Design Council
Adopted its
report of plan on
June 25, and
submitted to the
Prime Minister
Rescue Efforts 0.5 tril.yen
Disposal of Debris 0.4 tril.yen
Public Transportation etc 1.2 tril.yen
School Buiding etc 0.4 tril.yen
Lending Facilities 0.6 tril.yen
Fiscal transfers to LGUs 0.1 tril.yen
Others 0.8 tril.yen
Total 4.0 tril.yen
3rd
Supplementary
Budget Passed by the Diet
(November 21)
Reconstruction
Agency
Established .
(February 10th)
The Basic Law
for
Reconstruction Passed by the Diet
(June 20)
Great East Japan
Earthquake
(March 11)
1. Speedy Dissemination of Accurate Information
2. Press Release by International Organizations
D. Information sharing
35
• 1. http://www.mlit.go.jp/kankocho/en/index.html
Japan’s Countermeasures
• 1.http://www.kantei.go.jp/foreign/incident/index.html
• 2.http://www.meti.go.jp/english/index.html
• 3.http://www.nisa.meti.go.jp/english/
Measurement of Radioactivity Level
• 1.http://www.mext.go.jp/english/radioactivity_level/detail/1303962.htm
• 2.http://www.nisa.meti.go.jp/english/
• 3.http://www.worldvillage.org/fia/kinkyu_english.php
• 4. http://www.tepco.co.jp/en/press/corp-com/release/index-e.html
• 5. http://www.nsc.go.jp/NSCenglish/geje/index.htm
Drinking Water Safety • 1.http://www.mhlw.go.jp/english/topics/2011eq/index.html
• 2.http://www.waterworks.metro.tokyo.jp/press/shinsai22/press110324-02-1e.pdf
Food Safety
• 1.http://www.maff.go.jp/e/index.html
• 2.http://www.mhlw.go.jp/english/topics/2011eq/index.html
Ports and Airports Safety
• 1.http://www.mlit.go.jp/page/kanbo01_hy_001428.html
• 2.http://www.mlit.go.jp/koku/flyjapan_en/index.html
• 3.http://www.mlit.go.jp/page/kanbo01_hy_001411.html
1. Speedy Dissemination of Accurate Information
• Japan is committed to the speedy dissemination of accurate information.
• All necessary information can be found at the following websites.
Tourism
36
ICAO (International Civil Aviation Organization): “No Restrictions on Travel to Japan”(News release: March 18)
http://www2.icao.int/en/NewsRoom/Lists/News/DispForm.aspx?ID=37
“Current Radiation Levels in Japan and Travel Advice”(News release: April 1)
http://www2.icao.int/en/NewsRoom/Lists/News/DispForm.aspx?ID=39
“Current Situation for Travel and Transport to and from Japan”(News release: April 14) http://www2.icao.int/en/NewsRoom/Lists/News/DispForm.aspx?ID=40
IATA (International Air Transport Association): “No Restrictions on Air Travel to Japan”(News release: March 19)
http://www.iata.org/pressroom/pr/Pages/2011-03-18-02.aspx
“UN Confirms Safety of Japan Operations - No Recommendation for Passenger Screening(News release: April 1)
http://www.iata.org/pressroom/pr/Pages/2011-04-01-01.aspx
Airports
2. Press Release by International Organizations
37
IMO (International Maritime Organization): “No Restrictions on Travel to Japan”(News release: March 20) http://www.imo.org/MediaCentre/PressBriefings/Pages/No-restrictions-on-travel-to-Japan.aspx
“Shipping advised to comply with relevant NAVAREA warnings off Japan”(News release: March 24) http://www.imo.org/MediaCentre/PressBriefings/Pages/13-navigation-off-japan.aspx
“Current radiation levels in Japan and travel advice”(News release: April 1) http://www.imo.org/MediaCentre/PressBriefings/Pages/17-radiation-.aspx
“Current situation for travel and transport to and from Japan”(News release: April 15) http://www.imo.org/MediaCentre/PressBriefings/Pages/22-japan-update.aspx
“Current situation of Ports and Shipping in Japan after the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant Accident
(Circular letter No.3179: May 4) http://www.mlit.go.jp/common/000144003.pdf
IAPH(The International Association of Ports and Harbours): “Japanese ports are safe”(News release: March 25) http://www.iaphworldports.org/#
PIANC(The World Association for Waterborne Transport Infrastructure): “No fear on port function and people„s health”(News release: April 4) http://www.pianc.org/downloads/events/Message%20from%20PIANC%20Japan.pdf
Ports
38
2. Press Release by International Organizations
WHO(World Health Organization)
• “WHO is not advising general restrictions on travel to Japan”(FAQ March 20) http://www.who.int/hac/crises/jpn/faqs/en/index3.html
• “Drinking tap water in Japan poses no immediate health risk,” (FAQ March 25) http://www.who.int/hac/crises/jpn/faqs/en/index8.html
• “There are no health risks to people living in other countries from radioactive material” (FAQ April4) http://www.who.int/hac/crises/jpn/faqs/en/index.html
• “Public health risks beyond the 30km evacuation zone currently still low” (FAQ April 13) http://www.who.int/hac/crises/jpn/en/index.html
Others
The people of Japan
deeply appreciate
the sympathy
and assistance
pouring in
from people
all over the world.
http://www.meti.go.jp/english/earthquake/nuclear/
japan-challenges/index.html