Jetfoil & Large JM Aerofoil FansFor Tunnel Ventilation

FläktWoods

FläktWoods

Index

Contents Section

The Company 1.0

Quality Systems & Major Projects Department 1.1

Applications 1.2

Tunnel ventilation methods 1.3

Longitudinal ventilation & fresh air requirements 1.4

Jetfoil Fans 2.0

Jetfoil range overview 2.1

Jetfoil installation 2.2

Jetfoil thrust requirements 2.3

Questionnaire 2.4

Jetfoil selection data 50 HZ 2.5

Jetfoil selection data 60 HZ 2.6

Jetfoil sound data 2.7

Jetfoil test methods 2.8

Jetfoil specification 2.9

Jetfoil installation & maintenance 2.10

Jetfoil dimensions and weights 2.11

Large JM Aerofoil Fans 3.0

Large JM Aerofoil range overview 3.1

Large JM Aerofoil selection 3.2

Large JM Aerofoil selection curves 50 Hz 3.3

Large JM Aerofoil selection curves 60 Hz 3.4

Large JM Aerofoil specification 3.5

Large JM Aerofoil installation & maintenance 3.6

Large JM Aerofoil dimensions & weights 3.7

Additional extra features 4.0

2

FläktWoods

1.0

Fläkt Woods is a leader in thetechnology of air movement. Our extensiveknowledge of designs and applications isbased on over 90 years of experience asone of the world’s largest manufacturers offans and fan systems.

Fläkt Woods have extensivelaboratories where they are constantlydeveloping and testing new ideas andmaterials enabling them to maintain aposition of market leadership. Developmentprogrammes include work onaerodynamics, acoustics, vibration, controlsystems and motor characteristics. Stateof the art computer modelling techniquesare employed at every stage of design toensure that the end product performsreliably as specified. The manufacturing unitcovers an area of some 40,000 squaremetres and employs around 700 people.Each stage of manufacture is carefullyassured by an impressive qualitymanagement system approved by majorauthorities from all over the world. This

includes approval as a registered firm to BSEN ISO 9001:1994; the standard forquality assurance systems; and AQAP-1;the standard for the Ministry of Defence.Internationally Fläkt Woods comply withmany of the major air moving standardsand certification schemes.

Fläkt Woods products are marketedand installed in over 100 countries of theworld and are utilised in many variedapplications which include infrastructureprojects, tunnels, metros, buildingservices, light industrial, original equipmentmanufacturers, and agriculture. FläktWoods world-wide coverage is supportedby an extensive distribution network, withFläkt Woods trained advisors capable ofproviding technical assistance on allapplications.

Customer satisfaction, attention todetail, reliable delivery and in-servicesupport are the secrets of Fläkt Woodssuccess.

The Company

Fläkt Woods Head Office and European manufacturing facility

QUALITY SYSTEMS

FläktWoods

Fläkt Woods Limited is committed toQuality Assurance. Registration to BS ENISO 9001:1994, means that Fläkt Woodsdesign is quality assured as well as themanufacture.Our commitment to Quality Assurancedoesn't stop with the hardware. Theperformance data comes from standardtests carried out in Fläkt Woods ownlaboratory which is British Standard (CAMEscheme) and AMCA accredited. Thoseranges which are AMCA certified areidentified by the AMCA logo on theappropriate characteristic curve(s).A JM Aerofoil can be bought with theconfidence, as with all Fläkt Woodsproducts, that it will achieve the publishedperformance data and match theassured quality. An example of the benefitof choosing a Fläkt Woods product is that

all rotating aluminium components are X-ray examined using real time radiographyprior to machining to confirm designintegrity, vital when selecting these types offans. All the Fläkt Woods JM Aerofoils arefitted with IP55 motors as standard, andcome with a 2 year ex works warranty.All fans as detailed in this publication aresuitable for a one off emergency operationat temperatures up to 200°C for 2 hours(H.T. Category 200/2). Most of FläktWoods standard JM Aerofoil fans areindependently certified by the LossPrevention Certification Board (LPCB), foremergency use at temperatures of 200°Cand above.Many sizes of large JM Aerofoil fans havebeen independently verified for individualprojects.

1.1

Fläkt Woods will serve your needs, simpleor complex, large or small. We haveearned our high reputation by contributingto projects from design to completion, thusensuring optimum specification andselection of equipment, sustained by FläktWoods quality and reliability. Investment instaff training and high levels of competenceprovides repeated customer satisfaction.

As part of Fläkt Woods BuildingServices & Projects Division theapplications knowledge of the MajorProjects Department is freely available toassist you in designing your project in allaspects of Aerodynamic, Acoustic andElectrical performance. The valuableexperience from world-wide projects enableFläkt Woods team to help you with all

aspects of cost effective installation design,lifetime costs, programmed maintenanceand project specification.

Your project team at Fläkt Woodslook forward to assisting you in any way wecan. Either contact our offices worldwide (seewebsite www.flaktwoods.com) or direct bye-mail: info.uk@flaktwoods.com.

MAJOR PROJECTS DEPARTMENT

FläktWoods

1.2

APPLICATIONS

VENTILATIONVentilation is required for safety and tomaintain acceptable temperatures andcomfort. Pollution emitted by trains androad vehicles must be removed to providean acceptable and safe environment. Theheat from a train may need to be removedby forced ventilation to ensure that thetemperature is acceptable to both peopleand equipment. In the case of a fire, smokemust be removed to enable safe escape andto assist access to fight the fire. The normalventilation principles are to dilute pollutionand to remove the smoke. The smoke maybe removed by creating a reservoir fromwhich it is extracted. Alternatively sufficientvelocity is created past the fire to drive thesmoke to one side.

Road TunnelsRoad tunnels require ventilation to removepollution and in case of a fire for the controlof smoke. For a long tunnel the pollutionrequirements normally dominate but for ashort tunnel the fire scenario would be themost onerous. Detailed calculations arerequired to establish the ventilation rate ineach case.

A14 road tunnel, France - Longitudinal Ventilation by Jetfoils

Western Harbour Crossing, Hong Kong, - large JM Aerofoilfans in parallel

Longitudinal ventilation is used where possible, as it gives the lowest installation and operatingcost. The most common method is to use Jetfoil fans where the relatively high velocitydischarge induces a flow of air through the tunnel. As the jet from the fan diffuses, it transfersenergy to the tunnel airflow and creates an increase in staticpressure, which causes air to flow as in any conventional system.For free flowing traffic in one way tunnels the traffic induced airflowis normally sufficient to ventilate the tunnel even if the tunnel isdesigned with a fully or semi transverse system.Large axial flow fans are used for transverse and semi transversesystems where the air is supplied or extracted through ducts fromplant rooms. Normally several fans are used in parallel to providesteps in volume flow. Frequently the fans are 2 speed to provideadditional steps in ventilation, a lower operating cost at low levelsof flow and low noise levels for night time operation. Often the fansare 100% reversible so that supply fans can also extract. To clearsmoke from one side of a fire, reversible fans may be used withthe duct system to create a longitudinal flow along the tunnel.There can also be occasions where a longitudinal system usingJetfoils is justified in addition to a transverse system as theoperating cost at low ventilation rates is much less. To avoidpollution at the portals of the tunnel large fans may be used to capture the tunnel airflow anddischarge it at high level.

Limehouse Link Tunnel, London -Longitudinal ventilation by Jetfoils with large JM Aerofoil fans providingvertical discharge

FläktWoods

1.2.1

APPLICATIONS

Metro & Underground RailwaysVentilation is required to remove the heat generated by thetrains and other electrical equipment. Virtually all of theelectrical power consumed degenerates into heat which isremoved by a combination of natural and poweredventilation. During free running conditions the piston effectof the trains may be sufficient for ventilation and naturalventilation may maintain this condition even when thetrains are not operating. However, when the systembecomes congested and trains are running at shortintervals or, in the case of an incident, are stationary withminimum spacing, forced ventilation becomes necessary.The amount of heat generated by trains in rapid transitsystems of high density usage is the largest single factorin determining the mass flow of air required to maintain astable air temperature. However the risk of fire must also

be taken into account.

Frequently 2 speed fans are used with low speed for heatremoval and high speed for fire smoke control.

Longitudinal ventilation along the tunnel is commonusing 100% reversible fans. For an enclosed systemlarge fans connected to atmosphere would be usedin a push-pull configuration.If the system is not enclosed Jetfoils can be used toinduce the required airflow along the tunnel to andfrom atmosphere. Smoke is directed in the mostfavourable direction depending on the position of afire in the train or tunnel. Fans are normally ratedfrom 150°C to 250°C for 1 hour. Air movement in

the stations follows normal ventilation practice as faras possible. For smoke control, supply and extract fans

are used, reversible if a longitudinal system is being used.Smoke curtains can be used to create smoke reservoirs.

For railway tunnels with diesel engines,ventilation may be required to remove thepollution from diesel smoke. Ventilation may alsobe required to reduce air movement caused bypiston effect and thus increase the flow past thetrain. This avoids having stagnant area aroundthe engine, which may cause overheating.As the resistance of the tunnel is low in relationto a ducted system the effect of wind pressuremust be considered. For example, wind pressure couldcause the air supplied to the centre of a tunnelto flow in one direction rather than equally inboth directions.

Route 3, Hong Kong - large JM Aerofoil fanssuitable for emergency operation H.T. 250/1.

MRT Woodlands, Singapore - JM Aerofoil H.T. Fans

FläktWoods

Railway StationsSurface railway stations are frequently covered, with openends. These may provide sufficient natural ventilation forremoval of heat but if height is restricted it may be necessaryto use powered ventilation in case of a fire. A highly effectiveway of ventilating this type of station is by installing Jetfoilsabove the platform at high level, thus creating a longitudinalair flow along the platform. If space is very restricted thissystem may also be used to remove heat and diesel fumesfrom the locomotives.

Tunnel ConstructionVentilation of tunnels during construction is one of the most arduous applications. It is necessary forthe safety of, operatives and machinery. The requirements to be met include the provision of,sufficient fresh air for the people working in the tunnel, removal of pollution from diesel poweredvehicles, removal of heat and humidity, and the removal of dust caused by blasting. There are National Standards giving ventilation rates for fresh air and pollution dilution. The fresh airrequired for heat removal depends on the heat input and the allowable temperature. If the ventilationrate required is too high, cold water cooling systems can be used. The ventilation rate for blastingdepends on the rate at which the fumes need to be cleared. The time to clear the tunnel is dependenton the quantity of explosive used. The ventilation system most frequently used is flexible ducting athigh level in the tunnel and axial fansfitted as close to the inlet portal aspossible. The ducting is used to supplyfresh air close to the face, this isparticularly important when blasting toensure that all the fumes areremoved. Modern flexible ducting isrelatively leak-free if well maintained, asmall amount of leakage is notimportant (except for removal of blastfumes) as it adds to the air in thetunnel. The air becomes progressivelypolluted as it moves away from theface and increases to a maximum atthe portal, so any air added to thetunnel reduces pollution. The pressure drop of the ductingvaries with the duct design. It is,therefore, important to use themanufacturer’s relevant data.

APPLICATIONS

Charles de Gaulle Station, Paris - 630 mm Jetfoils, for smoke clearance

Tempi Rail Tunnel runs under mount Olympus, Greece

1.2.2

FläktWoods

APPLICATIONS

As the ducting is flexible, a positive pressuremust be maintained inside the ducting toensure it does not collapse. Ideally all the fanswould be installed outside the tunnel, but thereis a maximum pressure limit on the ducting.When this pressure limit is reached, somebooster fans must be installed a distance alongthe ducting inside the tunnel.

Multi-stage axial fans are ideal for thisapplication. As the length of the ducting isincreased, additional fans are used to increasethe pressure capability of the fans. Therefore itis only necessary to install the number of fansneeded to provide the required pressure, thusreducing operating and capital cost to aminimum. It is normally possible to select fansof a diameter similar to the ducting which givesa very simple installation. The axial fans arelight weight but robust and simple to supportat high level in the tunnel.

Because of the adaptability of contra rotatingfans it is not necessary to predesign theventilation system with 100% accuracy. Fanscan be added as required when the actualsystem pressure drop is known.

Aircraft HangersAircraft hangers are amongst the largeststructures requiring air movement. Ventilationmay be achieved by Jetfoils to induce a flowthrough the hanger rather than using a largeducted system.

Underground car park ventilation using Jetfoils

Car ParksFan systems are essential to provide forcedmechanical ventilation throughout multi storyand, particularly, basement parking areas. Notonly is carbon monoxide removal necessary, butthe capability of smoke extraction in the event offire must also be considered. It is usual to userelatively large supply and/or extract fansducted to atmosphere. Fresh air is normallysupplied on one side of the car park, andextracted on the other. Even with a complexducted system stagnant areas can occur. Thereare also problems with vehicle exits andentrances, which may short circuit theventilation system. An effective method ofminimising these problems is to use Jetfoil fanseither to induce an airflow through the systemor to direct the air to the required area. UsingJetfoils may allow the elimination of ductedsupply and extract air.

1.2.3

FläktWoods

TUNNEL VENTILATION METHODS

There are a number of different types ofventilation systems used for tunnels. Thesecan either be used singularly or incombination.

Fully Transverse SystemA fully transverse system has ducted supplyand extract air. The supply is normally atlow level, from a duct underneath theroadway, so that the fresh air mixes withthe exhaust from the vehicles. The pollutedair, which is warmer than the fresh air andtherefore buoyant, is extracted at highlevel, normally through a ducted systemabove the roadway. As a system this is technically the mostexact, because it is not affected by windpressure on the portals or trafficmovement through the tunnel. It wouldnormally only be used on long, congested,two-way tunnels. The cost of the civilconstruction and the mechanical equipmentis high and, when installed, the airdistribution needs to be balanced carefully.The fans used would generally be large,fixed pitch, JM Aerofoil fans in parallel andwould be switched on and off to control thetotal volume flow. Additional volume stepsand reduced running cost can be achievedby using two speed fans, variable pitch fansor variable speed fans.The fans can be installed with the motorshaft vertical or horizontal depending on thespace available for plant rooms. Splittersilencers are usually needed to attenuatenoise on both the system and atmosphericside of the fans.The sound level in the tunnel should notnormally exceed 95 dBA to allowcommunication even in the event of a fire.On the atmospheric side the environmentalconditions must be considered and theseapply to the tunnel portals as well as theinlets/outlets from the fan system. Twospeed fans can be useful as a means ofachieving lower noise levels at night, whenventilation requirements would alsonormally be lower.Four to six rates of ventilation should sufficewith the fans controlled by CO, NO2 orsmoke monitoring equipment. With largefans there will be a limit to the number ofstarts per hour. Usually the fans would berun for at least 15 minutes to allow themotor winding temperature to return tonormal. They could then be switched offand immediately back on again if necessary.The fan systems would also be fitted with

backdraught dampers so that they canoperate in parallel.When a fire occurs in a tunnel, withoutlongitudinal movement of air through thetunnel, it draws in fresh air from either sideand produces a plume of smoke and hotgases. The smoke and hot gases, becauseof their buoyancy, stratify above the freshair and spread sideways along the tunnel,typically for 300 metres on each side of thefire.

Smoke control, fully transverse systemAfter this distance, the smoke has probablycooled sufficiently to lose its buoyancy andso mixes with the fresh air being drawn inby the fire. The principle of smoke controltherefore is to extract the smoke beforethis condition occurs. Clearly the exhaustsystem extracts air from the correct point,but it may not extract sufficient air tocapture all the smoke produced by the fire.If this is the case the volume of air removedfrom the region at the fire must beincreased. Often additional extract pointswith dampers are fitted to the system. Theyare opened close to the fire and otherextract points closed. If the tunnel is one way, it is preferable toensure that the smoke and hot gases areblown away from the stationary vehicles toreduce the radiated heat from the gasesstratified at high level. To achieve this, thesupply and extract fans in different parts ofthe tunnel can be reversed to create therequired longitudinal velocity. The fans canbe standard fans that are reversed or fanswhich are 100% reversible and have thesame performance in both directions.Any fan handling smoke and hot gasesmust be designed accordingly. The mostcommon temperature rating is 250°C forone hour although, for some installations,when the fan is very close to the fire, atemperature/time of 400°C for two hoursis required. As an alternative, a waterspray system may be used to reduce theair/gas temperature.

600m

2m

1.3

FläktWoods

TUNNEL VENTILATION METHODS

Semi Transverse SystemA semi transverse system is similar toeither the supply or extract system of a fullytransverse system.

If it is a supply system, then fresh air issupplied at low level and the polluted airexits from the portals. In this case, all theexiting air would be at the maximumallowable pollution level so there is no needfor the ventilation rate to be increased. Theair ducts can be above or below the roadsurface or at the side of the carriageways.

If it is an extract system, the air isexhausted through a series of grilles at highlevel and the fresh air enters at the portals.The air becomes progressively morepolluted towards the centre of the tunnel.Air extracted away from the centre is not atthe maximum allowable level of pollution, sothe ventilation rate must be increased tocompensate.

A semi-transverse system is technically lessexact than a fully transverse system. Itrelies on the longitudinal air movementalong the tunnel which will be affected bywind pressure on the portals and by themovement of traffic. The ventilation rate,therefore, has to be increased to take intoaccount the reduction of airflow in aparticular direction due to these effects. Asemi-transverse system would be used forlong, congested, two way tunnels. It may belimited by a maximum velocity at the portals.In such cases it could be used for the endsections of a tunnel with a fully transversesystem ventilating the centre section of thetunnel.

For smoke control, a semi-transversesystem has to operate the same way as afully transverse system, with extract at highlevel. If the system is a supply system, thenthe fans must be reversible and operate inextract mode exhausting at high level withthe low level grilles closed off by dampers.

Fan installations are similar to those for afully transverse system but, as there is alongitudinal movement of air along thetunnel, the resulting pressure drop must beadded to the pressure drop in the ductedsystem.

Longitudinal Ventilation SystemsIn a longitudinal ventilation system, the airmovement is along the length of the tunnelso there is no need for distribution ducts inthe tunnel.

The air can enter at one portal and leave atanother or be supplied or extracted fromvarious locations in the tunnel. Themovement of the air can be induced eitherusing large fans connected to theselocations, or by jet fans or by a combinationof the two types of fan.A longitudinal system is the first choicewhere possible, as it is a very simple systemto install and commission. The control isalso simple with fans switched on and off asrequired.The system has a lower power consumptionas the pressure drop of the ducted systemand silencers used in transverse systemsare eliminated. The air velocity through thetunnel is very low and so is the pressuredrop.

Longitudinal systems provide smoke controlby supplying sufficient longitudinal velocity toensure that the smoke is blown to one sideof the fire. Obviously this solution on its ownis most viable provided the tunnel will beclear of traffic on the downstream side ofthe fire, this only occurs in single directiontunnels with free flowing traffic.

If the traffic is not free flowing or the tunnelhas two way traffic flow, some other meansof removing the smoke and the gases maybe necessary. For example, an emergencyextract system could be provided with inletsthat can be opened close to the position ofthe fire.

To avoid recirculation between bores, theportals of one way tunnels should beseparated, although often, as the fans areselected for a smoke control scenario, adegree of recirculation is allowable fornormal ventilation. To avoid recirculationunder fire conditions, Jetfoils are oftenmade 100% reversible so that in a firesituation the fans in both tunnels areoperated in the same direction.l

Semi-Transverse(supply)

Longitudinal

1.3.1

FläktWoods

LONGITUDINAL VENTILATION

This system is generally accepted as the designer's first choice for the following reasons:

1. Civil and mechanical costs are the lowest. Analysis of costs on a motorway tunnel showthat this method can be one tenth of the cost of a semi-transverse system.

2. Can be readily installed. No plant room required.3. Simple airflow control by fan switching.4. Generally lower power consumption since no duct resistance to overcome.5. Fans can be used for fire smoke control in emergency and all can be rated to operate at upto 250°C for 2 hours. Some are suitable for 400°C (enquire) with a performance reduction.

However, there are certain limitations:-

1. The length of the tunnel can be a limiting factor as there is a practical maximum for the airvelocity. For safety reasons, the tunnel velocity should be below 10 m/s. Generally,velocities above 7 m/s are rare.

2. This system is not generally satisfactory for tunnels of over 300 metres with urban two-waytraffic unless emergency exhaust fans are available for smoke venting and passengerescape routes are provided.

3. Potential fire loads of 100 megawatts and greater may preclude use of Jetfoils where theaverage air temperature may exceed about 300°C.

car/

hour

/lane

car

spac

ing

- m

etre

s

cars

/ km

/ lan

e

Vehicle Speed - km/hr

200

160

120

80

40

807060504030200 1000

10

20

30

40

50

400

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1200

1600

2000

Cars/km/Lane

Car spacing

Cars/hour/Lane

MAXIMUM TRAFFIC (passenger cars)

1.4

FläktWoods

FRESH AIR REQUIREMENTS

Type of Tunnel CO at peak traffic (ppm)Congested traffic or standstill

Urban tunnels (used to capacity)daily congestion 100-150seldom congested 250

Inter urban tunnels 250(highway or mountain)

The fresh air required will depend on the following factors:1. The specified maximum permitted carbon monoxide (CO) and diesel smoke level.

Nitric oxides (NO) are not normally considered to be significant in the UK, thelower emission standards of the USA can Make them dominant.

2. The number of vehicles per hour and the number of diesel vehicles.3. Speed of the traffic.4. Gradients.5. Altitude.In practice, it is generally accepted that the maximum air requirements occur when trafficis heavily congested at a speed of 10 to 15 km/hr.In order to enable designers to carry out basic system sizing Fläkt Woods includes acalculation method based upon that recommended by the Permanent InternationalAssociation of Roads Congresses (PIARC). Their current publications can be obtainedfrom AIPCR/PIARC LA GRANDE ARCHE, PAROI NORD - NIVEAU1 - 92055 PARIS LADEFENSE CEDEX 04 - FRANCE. Carbon MonoxideFig 2 and 3 are based on vehicle emission data published in 1987 by PIARC following theXVIIIth World Road Congress. In 1995 at the XXth Congress, lower fresh airrequirements were put forward. These reflected the improvements in emission achievedwith modern designs of vehicle. It is, however, recommended that where a safe design isrequired, and where traffic may not be to the latest design, the earlier figures shouldcontinue to be used.The recommended CO levels are:

100 150 200 250 300 350 4000

50

100

150

200

+6%

+3%

Level Gradient

-3%

-6%

m3 /

s pe

r km

per

lane

Parts per million CO

100 150 200 250 300 350 4000

100

200

300

400

+6%

Level Gradient

-6%

-3%

+3%

m3 /

s pe

r km

per

lane

Parts per million CO

Fresh air requirements for CO dilution100 cars per km at 10 km/hr and at sea level

Fresh air requirements for CO dilution100 cars per km at 10 km/hr

at 800 metres altitude

Fig 2 Fig 3

1.4.1

FläktWoods

FRESH AIR REQUIREMENTS

Diesel SmokeFigures 4 and 5 are based on diesel vehicle emission data published in 1987 by PIARCfollowing the XVIIIth World Road Congress. Again in 1995 at the XXth Congress, lowerfresh air requirements were put forward. These reflect the improvements in emissionachieved with modern designs of vehicle. It is recommended that where a safe design isrequired and where traffic may not be to the latest design, then the earlier figures shouldcontinue to be used.

The charts are based on congested conditions with 10% of the vehicles being dieselengines having an average weight of 15tonnes.

Type of Tunnel Permissible Klim

Visibility Limit (m-1)Urban tunnel with dense

rapid traffic 0.005

Congested Traffic 0.009

.015 .012 .009 .0075 .0050

50

100

150

200

Level

-6%

+3%

-3%

Gradient +6%

m3 /

s pe

r km

per

lane

Visibility limit m-1

.015 .012 .009 .0075 .0050

50

150

250

300

Level

-6%

+3%

-3%

Gradient +6%

100

200

m3 /

s pe

r km

per

lane

Visibility limit m-1

Fresh air requirements for smoke dilution10 trucks per km at 10 km/hr at sea level

Fresh air requirements for smoke dilution10 trucks per km at 10 km/hr at 800 metres

altitude

Fig 4 Fig 5

When K = 0.012 m-1 THE TUNNEL MUST BE CLOSED

Permissible Visibility Limit

1.4.2

FläktWoods

JETFOIL FANS

Jetfoil Fan TypesThe Fläkt Woods Jetfoil is available eitheras a high efficiency unidirectional, or as atruly reversible Jetfoil which will giveapproximately equal airflow and thrust ineach direction.

Thrust CapabilityA wide range of thrust is available fromeleven sizes, each having a fully adjustableblade angle. With the standard Jetfoil upto 2,100 Newtons is available.

ReversibilityIn reverse emergency only operation, theuni-directional Jetfoil may give 50 to 60%of the forward thrust. Suitability forprolonged use in reverse must beconfirmed by Fläkt Woods. The truly reversible Jetfoil, with its uniqueblade design, gives approximately equalthrust in forward or reverse directions.

EfficiencyThe purpose designed impellers haveunique blade profiles and are fitted withstreamlined fairings and motor supportsfor high efficiency and thrust. A wide rangeof diameters are offered allowing theoptimum size fan to be selected for eachproject.

Quality AssuredEngineered to Fläkt Woods own highstandards, our design and manufacturingsystems also carry BS EN ISO9001.94accreditation. Fläkt Woods fans come witha two year ex works warranty asstandard.

Performance TestingBoth Jetfoils and large JM Aerofoils havebeen extensively tested in the Fläkt WoodsDevelopment Laboratory (BSI CAMEScheme and AMCA accredited) and useISO5801 and ISO13350 test methods.The thrust, airflow and sound levels havebeen measured for a range of sizes andblade angles in both forward and reversedirections.

1.12m Jetfoil on service trolley to provide easy installation andremoval

2.0

FläktWoods

• 11 sizes - 500 mm to 1600 mm

• Jetfoil fans are fully tested, including thrust, volume in accordance with ISO 5801, sound

power levels to ISO 13350 and ISO 3741.

• Three standard configurations; fan only, one diameter long silencers, two diameter long

silencers each side of the fan.

• Jetfoils are designed and independently certified to EN12101-3 for emergency operation

at elevated temperatures, up to 400°C for 2hours, (please enquire).

• Impellers have aerofoil section adjustable blades and are balanced to G6.3. All cast from

aluminium and x-rayed.

• Jetfoils are manufactured either from mild steel with a galvanised finish or Stainless

Steel. A painted finish (over galvanised mild steel) can also be offered.

• Manufacturer registered and assessed in accordance with BS EN ISO9001.94.3.

JETFOIL RANGE OVERVIEW

Fig 6 Unidirectional

AIRFLOW

AIRFLOW

Fig 7 Truly Reversible

2.1

JETFOIL INSTALLATIONS

FläktWoods

The system resistance calculation forpressure loss in a longitudinal tunnel isquite specialised; allowance has to be madefor the effects of traffic, the resistance offixtures and fittings and the effects of windon the tunnel portals.

Jetfoil fans are usually installed in multiplesand are spaced along the tunnel. They areoften fitted with integral silencers to achievean acceptable sound level in the tunnel. Fornight time operation, and to preventexcessive sound levels close to the tunnelportals, it is possible just to run the fans inthe centre of the tunnel or to fit longersilencers to the fans close to the portals.Two speed fans could also be used for nighttime ventilation.

Four to six staged levels of ventilation arenormally sufficient and this can be achievedby switching fans on or off as required. Theflow induced by traffic movement is oftensufficient to ventilate the tunnel, this givesrise to low usage of the fans and makes itwise to sequence their operation in order toensure uniform operating hours.

It is important to note that the airflowthrough the tunnel is due to the pressurerise caused by the fan. The Jetfoil createsthrust by ejecting a jet of high velocity air.As this air decelerates, it transfers itsenergy to the tunnel flow, causing apressure increase that is equal to the fanthrust divided by the cross sectional area.This pressure induces the airflow throughthe tunnel by overcoming the tunnelresistance.

The deceleration of the air occurs graduallyand if the longitudinal distance betweenfans is insufficient, the deceleration will beincomplete and the increased velocity willaffect the performance of the next set offans. It is common practice to have tenhydraulic tunnel diameters DH betweensets of fans to eliminate this effect. It is notnecessary to have the fans uniformlyspaced along the tunnel. The air movementis induced by tunnel pressure difference, aslong as there is sufficient distance betweensets of fans, the fans may be installed asclose to the portals as is practical.

If space permits inclination of fan assemblyor utilisation of flow deflectors, the installedaxial distance between fans sets can bereduced or the installation factor improved.

Other effects to be taken into account are

the air velocity in the tunnel and theproximity of the fan to the walls and ceiling.Fan thrust is measured under stillconditions and is due to the change ofmomentum of the air passing through thefan. If the air is already moving at the inletto the fan, the change of momentum isreduced.

If a Jetfoil is installed close to a wall, thenthere will be an additional loss due to thefriction between the jet and the wall. If thefan is close to a wall and the roof, the effectmust be applied for both wall and roof.

When selecting Jetfoils, the followingguidelines should be followed. Professionaladvice should be sought for designvalidations.

Select the largest fan that can be fitted.Larger fans give a higher ratio of thrust toboth capital and installation costs thansmaller fans.

For the lowest operating cost, choose a lowspeed and/or low pitch angle. The ratio ofpower to thrust is directly related to the fanoutlet velocity so for any given thrustrequirements, the higher the velocity, thehigher the power consumption. Obviouslyreducing the thrust for a given size of fanincreases the number of fans and hencethe capital cost. However, using a lowervelocity may mean that silencers can beeliminated or reduced in length.

Reversible fans are marginally less efficientand slightly noisier than unidirectional fansbut they give much greater flexibility in theoperation of the tunnel. They allow singleway tunnels to be used for two way trafficwhen required and the normal direction ofairflow to be reversed in fire conditions.

Finally the space available for fans can beincreased by providing local niches in thetunnel roof or installing fans above car onlylanes.

So when selecting a tunnel ventilationsystem, use of Jetfoils should always beconsidered because of the lower capital andoperating costs. They can often be used inconjunction with other systems, forexample, to provide airflow at the requiredvelocity in case of fire or to provide the firstlevels of ventilation at reduced operatingcosts.This type of use can be applied to newtunnels or to upgrade existing tunnels.

2.2

FläktWoods

JETFOIL THRUST REQUIREMENTS

Airflow requirements are usually based on the needto dilute the pollutants produced by the traffic. Thesecan be assessed knowing the maximum permittedcarbon monoxide (CO) level and the visibility limitsfor diesel smoke. Nitrous oxides NOx are now

becoming of increasing importance and somelegislation also places limits on their permittedconcentrations. Where specific levels for anypollutant are not specified then the data published byPermanent International Association of RoadCongresses (PIARC) at the XVIIIth World RoadCongress in 1987 can be used.When the airflow requirements have beenestablished, it is then necessary to calculate howmuch thrust must be provided by the jet fans toovercome the resistance of the tunnel in total. Thisresistance will be made up from the following items:

1.0 Entry and exit pressure losses: The entry and exit loss, pEN Ex is normally assumedto equate to about 1.5 times the tunnel air dynamicpressure. With careful design by the use of a‘streamlined bellmouth’ opening to the tunnel andgradual diffusion at the exit, these losses can bereduced.

pdT = 1 ρ v T2

2

where:

PdT = tunnel air dynamic pressure Pa

vT = average tunnel air velocity m/s

ρ = air density kg/m3

note:vT = qT

ATwhere:

qT = tunnel air volume flowrate m3/s

AT = tunnel cross sectional area m2

2.0 Traffic drag or assistance There will be a drag resistance in a single directiontunnel where the vehicle speeds are lower than theaverage tunnel air velocity. In a two-way tunnel, thetraffic speed in the opposite direction to the tunnel airvelocity must also be considered.

In recent times it has been recognised that Jetfoil

fans can be used in the event of fire for the control ofsmoke. Depending on the predicted fire size, theresultant drag from a large number of stationaryvehicles could be higher than that for moving traffic,when there would be fewer vehicles in the tunnel.Traffic drag loss in a bi-directional tunnel may beapproximated as :

pDRAG =

Cd. . ρ [(Nc1 + NT1) (vv1 + vT)2 - (NC2 + NT2) vv2 - vT (vv2 - vT)]

where:pDRAG =

pressure loss due to traffic drag. Pa

Cd = vehicle coefficient of drag (1.0)

Av = frontal area of vehicles

(cars 2m2, trucks 6m2). m2

NC1 = number of cars in tunnel moving

against airflow.

NT1 = number of trucks in tunnel moving

against airflow.

NC2 = number of cars in tunnel moving with

airflow.

NT2 = number of trucks in tunnel moving with

airflow.

vv1 = vehicle speed of traffic moving

against airflow. m/s

vv2 = vehicle speed of traffic moving

with airflow. m/s

In a unidirectional tunnel the first term becomes zero.

3.0 Ambient conditions At the tunnel entry and exit ambient conditions maydiffer especially where the tunnel is long and/or thealtitude changes as in mountainous environments.There may then be differences in windvelocity/direction, air temperature and barometricpressure, leading to stack effects either adding to ordetracting from the tunnel resistance. The differencein barometric pressure at the two tunnel ends, ifmeasured in Pascals is simply added to the systemloss. This effect is known as pstack.

Av 1

AT 2

2.3

FläktWoods

4.0 Tunnel surface friction, together with the lossassociated with suspended fittings such aslighting, road direction signs etc needs to beestablished. This pressure loss can becalculated from :

pL = ρ vT2 f

where :vT = average tunnel air velocity m/s

L = length of tunnel m

Dh = hydraulic diameter m

f = friction factor

ρ = air density kg/m3

note :Dh =

where:PT = tunnel periphery at a section m

AT = cross sectional area of the tunnel m2

The value of ‘f’ can vary from about 0.02 minimumto 0.04 maximum. It is dependent on the surfaceroughness of the tunnel surfaces and the size andnumber of the tunnel fittings. In the absence ofinformation to the contrary, a reasonable figure touse is f = 0.025

Total Tunnel Thrust - TTThe total thrust required from the Jetfoil isnumerically equal to the losses in the tunnel :

TT = pT AT N

where pT is the summation of the pressure lossesin items 1.0 to 4.0 i.e.,

pT = pEN EX + pDRAG ± pSTACK + pL

Jetfoil Fan ThrustTo assist in the design of longitudinal ventilationsystems by Jetfoil fans, it is convenient to ratethem in terms of the thrust applied to the air,which they develop.The basic thrust is equal to the change of airmomentum between the fan inlet and outlet.This is the product of the mass air flowrate andthe ‘average’ air velocity at the fan inlet/outlet.

The theoretical fan thrust is given by

Tm= air density x air volume flowrate x airvelocity

= ρ qvF vF

= ρ qvF2 N

AFwhere:qvF = fan air volume flowrate m3/s

vF = average velocity at fan outlet m/s

AF = cross sectional area of fan m2

It should be noted, however, that this formula isonly correct for a uniform velocity. The velocityprofile at the fan outlet is far from even. Thedegree of distortion is very much dependent onthe fan design particularly the hub to tip ratio onthe impeller, the basis on which the blades havebeen designed (free, forced or arbitrary vortex)effectiveness of fairings, motor obstruction etc.

The measured thrust for Fläkt Woods fans aslisted on pages 13, 14, 16 and 17 has beenobtained from tests carried out in accordancewith the forthcoming ISO13350. It varies frombetween 0.85 and 1.05 times the value of the‘theoretical’ thrust. Other designs have beentested with values as low as 0.65 times the’theoretical’ thrust.

The total thrust developed by a number of fansin a tunnel is the sum of the individual thrusts.Fans may be located in groups operating inparallel, or in series spaced lengthwise alongthe tunnel, or any combination of the two.

General working rules are that fans in seriesshould be spaced at ten or more tunneldiameters apart. Alternatively the spacing (m)can be taken as equal to the fan dynamicpressure (Pa) ÷ 10. Fans in parallel should havea minimum distance between centres of 2.0times fan diameter.

The above rules are of necessity approximateonly. More accurate calculations requireknowledge of the Craya-Carlet No. Fläkt Woodswill be happy to assist in this calculation fordetailed tunnel designs.

The number of fans required:-

NF = TT to the next whole numberTi

where: TT = Total Tunnel Thrust NTi = Installed Fan Thrust N

JETFOIL THRUST REQUIREMENTS

12

LDh

4ATPT

2.3.1

JETFOIL THRUST REQUIREMENTS

FläktWoods

When installed in the tunnel the actual thrusttransmitted to the tunnel air will be less thanthat measured under the laboratory conditionsspecified in ISO 13350. Thus :

Installed fan thrust Ti = Tm k1 k2 k3 N

k1 is a correction coefficient based on the factthat the tunnel air velocity ‘offloads’ the fan ascompared with still air conditions. This may beobtained from the Fig 8.

k2 is a correction coefficient based on theknowledge that as the fans are eccentricallyplaced in the tunnel adjacent to one or twosurfaces, some of the air will attach itself to thewall and or roof, rather than be directed intothe main flow. This effect will be more severethe closer the fans are to these surfaces. Fig9 is for the case of no inclination i.e., the Jetfoilfan is parallel to the tunnel axis.

z = distance of jet axis to tunnel wall orceilingDF = Jetfoil fan diameterDT = tunnel diameter (can use hydraulicdiame- ter for rectangular tunnel too)

Note: The corner factor applies to a faninstalled equal distances from wall and ceiling. The horizontal axis is more complex than mostgraphs of this coefficient reflecting the effect ofboth tunnel and jet fan diameters. It isdeveloped from the work carried out for us bySouth Bank University and is based on the useof Fläkt Woods fans.

k3 as found from Fig 10 is a correctioncoefficient based on the knowledge that a smallJetfan inclination of the fan can improve theinstallation performance.

A family of curves have been presented for 4separation factors (note, the separation factoris the horizontal axis on Fig 9). As expected, forthe smallest separation, the jet clings to thewall, even at high inclination. The best resultfrom Jetfan inclination is achieved at aseparation factor of 0.16, where an inclinationof about 7 degrees gives an increase in thrustof 10%. Clearly the optimum inclination anglediffers with separation factor, increasing withdecreasing separation.

Effect of Tunnel Air Velocity on Fan Thrust Effect of Wall Proximity on Fan Thrust(Jetfoil parallel to tunnel axis)

Tunnel Velocity 2 m/s

4 m/s

6 m/s

8 m/s

10 m/s

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

1

20 25 30 35 40

Fan Velocity m/s

k1

Fig 8

0 .20 .40 .60 .80 1.00

1.00

Ceiling

Corner

k2

0.95

0.90

0.85

0.80

0.75

0.70

(2z - DF)/(DT - DF)Separation factor

Fig 9

2.3.2

JETFOIL THRUST REQUIREMENTS

FläktWoods

Other factors which can affect the installed thrustcapability are:a) How close the first fan is mounted to the tunnel

entry portal.b) How close the last fan is mounted to the tunnel

exit portal.c) In immersed tube or cut and cover tunnels, it is

common to have limited headroom and to locatefans in areas that are locally heightened i.e.,niches. For the typical construction shown in the sketch below and combined coefficient for k2.k3 for

Fläkt Woods Jetfoils installed with the centre ofthe discharge on the ceiling line is as follows:-

Inclination angle (°) k2.k30 0.825 0.8810 0.9315 0.90

Effect of Jet Inclination on Fan Thrust

0.00 1.00 2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00 6.00 7.00 8.00 9.00 10.00

1.12

1.10

1.08

1.06

1.04

1.02

1.00

0.98

0.96

k3

0.16

0.06

0.26

0.46

Inclination Angle (deg)

Separation Factor(2z - DF)/(DT - DF)

2.3.3

Typical Niche

1.5 DF 1.5 DF

15%DF

FläktWoods

Please fill in answers below, if unanswered Fläkt Woods will use the parameters in italics. 1.0 General1.1 Length m

1.2 Area m2

1.3 Hydraulic Dia m

1.4 No. of lanes/tunnel

1.5 Direction of traffic (one or two way)

1.6 Altitude m

1.7 Pressure allowance for wind & barometric difference 20Pa

1.8 Type of tunnel (rural/urban)

2.0 Vehicles in tunnel2.1 Design speed for pollution 10km/hr

2.2 No. of veh/km/lane 100

2.3 % Diesel cars 0

2.4 % of trucks 10, 20, 30 tonne 10% 15 tonne

2.5 Gradient in tunnel

(Ventilation requirement for pollution is normally based on a traffic speed of 10km/hrie 100 veh/km/lane as being the most severe).

3.0 Emissions3.1 Average CO emission at design speed and gradient

3.2 Average particulate emissions at design speed and gradient

3.2 Average NO emissions at design speed and gradient.

Note: Due to the complexity of PIARC 1995 in calculating these, from the emissions standards, vehicle age and relative mileage (all for a particular country and design year), unless this data is supplied Fläkt Woods can only carry out assessments to PIARC 1987.

4.0 Concentrations to be designed to:4.1 CO

4.2 Smoke

4.3 NO2

4.4 % Re-circulation 5%

4.5 Ambient levels to be taken into account.

5.0 Fire scenarioDesign size of fire, MW 50

Minimum tunnel velocity 4m/s

JETFOIL ROAD TUNNEL QUESTIONNAIRE

Fax No: +44 (0) 1206 244366 Attention: Projects Division Date:

From:

Telephone No: Fax:

2.4

50 Hz UNIDIRECTIONAL RANGE

FläktWoods

50J 2900 25 152 5 25.5 3.3 46.1 F2225 3.3 91 5650J 2900 36 231 6.1 31.1 6.4 36.1 F2229 6.5 96 61

56J 2900 26 246 7 28.4 6.2 39.7 F2229 6.5 96 6156J 2900 30 290 7.6 30.9 8.1 35.8 D132/19 8.5 97 6256J 2900 35 346 8.2 33.3 10.7 32.3 D132/22 11 100 65

63J 2900 21 303 9.1 29.2 8.4 36.1 D132/19 8.5 96 6263J 2900 26 403 10.4 33.4 12.2 33 D160/18 13 99 6563J 2900 31 497 11.7 37.5 16.7 29.8 D160/23 17.5 101 6763J 2900 37 601 13.5 43.3 23 26.1 D160/32 27 104 70

71K 2950 22 535 13 32.8 16.7 32 D160/23 17.5 101 6871K 2950 25 630 14.2 35.9 21 30 D160/28 22 103 7071K 2950 28 735 15.2 38.4 26.4 27.8 D160/32 27 104 7171K 2950 33 925 16.8 42.4 38.1 24.2 D180/40 40 106 73

80J 1450 24 239 10.5 20.9 3.9 61.3 F2249 4.2 86 5480J 1450 31 323 12.2 24.3 6.3 51.3 D132/18 6.3 87 5580J 1450 37 394 13.2 26.3 8.6 45.8 D132/24 9 90 5880J 1450 42 452 13.8 27.5 10.9 41.5 D160/20 13 93 61

90J 1450 27 440 15.8 24.8 8.8 50 D132/24 9 90 5890J 1450 33 554 17.6 27.7 12.8 43.3 D160/20 13 92 6090J 1450 38 649 18.7 29.4 16.5 39.3 D160/26 17 94 6290J 1450 42 724 19.3 30.3 19.8 36.6 D160/40 26 97 65

100J 940 28 291 14 17.8 4.4 66.1 D132/19 4.5 84 50100J 940 34 364 15.5 19.7 6.3 57.8 D132/26 6.3 85 51100J 940 40 436 16.5 21 8.5 51.3 D160/23 9.5 88 54100J 940 42 459 16.7 21.3 9.3 49.4 D160/30 13 90 56100J 1470 24 590 19.9 25.3 12.6 46.8 D160/20 13 93 61100J 1470 28 710 21.9 27.9 16.8 42.3 D160/26 17 94 62100J 1470 34 920 24.2 30.8 24 38.3 D160/40 26 96 64100J 1470 41 1100 26.2 33.4 30 36.7 D180/40 32 100 68

112J 960 24 401 18.1 18.4 6 66.8 D132/26 6.3 89 55112J 960 29 499 20.4 20.7 8.5 58.7 D160/23 9.5 89 55112J 960 35 619 22.7 23 12.2 50.7 D160/30 13 91 57112J 960 40 721 24.3 24.7 15.8 45.6 D160/40 17.5 93 59112J 1470 21 805 25.4 25.8 16.7 48.2 D160/26 17 98 66112J 1470 28 1125 30.5 31 28.6 39.3 D180/40 32 99 67112J 1470 34 1410 34.2 34.7 41.5 34 D200/40 42 101 69112J 1470 40 1691 37.2 37.8 56.7 29.8 D200/57 65 103 71

125J 960 25 649 26.8 21.8 11.8 55 D160/30 13 92 58125J 960 30 807 30 24.4 16.9 47.8 D160/40 17.5 94 60125J 960 33 899 31.7 25.8 20.4 44.1 D180/40 23 95 61125J 960 40 1103 35.2 28.7 29.7 37.1 D200/46 31 97 63125J 1470 19 1059 34.2 27.9 24.8 48.2 D160/40 26 101 69125J 1470 21 1216 36.6 29.8 30.1 40.4 D180/40 32 101 69125J 1470 27 1670 43 35 49.3 33.9 D200/46 51 103 71125J 1470 32 2036 47.7 38.9 68.8 29.6 W225/MF 73 105 73

140J 725 19 417 23.6 15.3 5.2 80.2 D160/27 7 88 52140J 725 26 615 29 18.8 9.4 65.4 D160/34 9.5 90 54140J 725 34 838 33.5 21.8 15.4 54.4 D180/40 17 92 56140J 725 42 1059 36.2 23.5 22.7 46.7 D200/46 24 95 59140J 975 22 702 30.6 19.9 11.3 62.1 D160/30 13 95 61140J 975 28 1214 40.8 26.5 26.2 46.3 W200/LFG 27 97 63140J 975 34 1516 45.1 29.3 37.5 40.4 D200/57 39 99 65140J 975 39 1766 47.6 30.9 48.1 36.7 W225/MF 53 101 67

160J 725 23 906 40.9 20.3 14.4 62.9 D180/40 17 93 57160J 725 30 1243 47.9 23.8 23.5 52.9 D200/46 24 95 59160J 725 36 1528 52.2 26 32.9 46.4 D200/57 33 97 61160J 725 40 1716 54.3 27 39.8 43.1 W225/MF 44 98 62160J 975 16 1024 42.8 21.3 17.1 59.9 D160/40 17.5 99 65160J 975 20 1376 50.1 24.9 26.8 51.3 W200/LFG 27 99 65160J 975 24 1727 56.5 28.1 37.9 45.6 D200/57 39 100 66160J 975 27 1988 60.7 30.2 47.1 42.2 W225/MF 53 101 67

SoundPower dBW

Fan Type

Speedrev/min

BladeAngle

(°)

Thrust(N)

VolumeFlow

OutletVelocity(m/s)

AbsorbedPower

kWN/kW Frame

Size

MotorRating(kWo)

SoundPressure

dB(A)

2.5

FläktWoods

50 Hz TRULY REVERSIBLE RANGE

50JTS 2900 30 146 5 25.5 3.2 45.6 F2225 3.3 94 5950JTS 2900 40 215 6 30.6 6.2 34.7 F2229 6.5 97 62

56JTS 2900 32 247 7 28.4 6.5 37 F2229 6.5 98 6456JTS 2900 35 278 7.5 30.5 8 32.7 D132/19 8.5 99 6556JTS 2900 40 333 8.2 33.3 11 30.3 D132/22 11 100 66

63KTS 2900 25 295 8.7 27.9 8.1 34.7 D132/19 8.5 98 6563KTS 2900 31 380 9.9 31.8 12.3 30.2 D160/18 13 101 6863KTS 2900 36 445 10.8 34.6 16.8 25.4 D160/23 17.5 103 7063KTS 2900 44 552 12.1 38.8 25.8 20.4 D160/32 27 105 72

71KTS 2950 28 545 13.7 34.6 17.4 31.3 D160/23 17.5 103 7171KTS 2950 31 635 14.7 37.1 21.6 29.4 D160/28 22 105 7371KTS 2950 34 730 15.5 39.2 26.6 27.4 D160/32 27 106 7471KTS 2950 40 938 17 42.9 38.8 24.2 D180/40 40 108 76

80JTS 1450 30 242 10.6 21.1 4.1 59 F2249 4.2 89 5580JTS 1450 36 309 12 23.9 6.2 49.8 D132/18 6.3 93 5980JTS 1450 41 368 13.1 26.1 8.5 43.3 D132/24 9 96 62

90JTS 1450 32 422 15.5 24.4 8.6 49.1 D132/24 9 94 6090JTS 1450 38 532 17.4 27.3 12.9 41.2 D160/20 13 98 6490JTS 1450 42 609 18.7 29.4 16.4 37.1 D160/26 17 100 66

100JTS 940 33 290 14.2 18.1 4.2 69 D132/19 4.5 88 52100JTS 940 39 350 16 20.4 6.1 57.4 D132/26 6.3 92 56100JTS 1470 29 600 20.4 26 12.5 48 D160/20 13 96 64100JTS 1470 33 710 22.2 28.3 16.2 43.8 D160/26 17 98 66100JTS 1470 40 875 25.6 32.6 24.6 35.6 D160/40 26 103 71100JTS 1470 44 960 27.7 35.3 30.5 31.5 D180/40 32 105 73

112JTS 960 29 384 18.3 18.6 5.9 65.1 D132/26 6.3 92 59112JTS 960 34 476 20.2 20.5 8.3 57.3 D160/23 9.5 93 60112JTS 960 41 590 22.3 22.6 12.1 48.8 D160/30 13 94 61112JTS 960 44 634 23.1 23.4 13.9 45.6 D160/40 17.5 95 62112JTS 1470 26 768 26.1 26.5 16.7 46 D160/26 17 101 69112JTS 1470 34 1124 31.1 31.6 30 37.5 D180/40 32 103 71112JTS 1470 40 1360 33.8 34.3 41.7 32.6 D200/40 42 104 72112JTS 1470 44 1500 35.4 35.9 50.4 29.8 D200/46 51 105 73

125JTS 960 31 650 25.9 21.1 11.9 61 D160/30 13 98 64125JTS 960 37 811 28.8 23.5 17.2 47.2 D160/40 17.5 102 66125JTS 960 40 885 30 24.4 20.1 44 D180/40 23 103 67125JTS 960 44 976 31.3 25.5 24.2 40.3 W200/LFG 27 105 69125JTS 1470 24 1024 33.4 27.2 23.7 43.2 D160/40 26 107 75125JTS 1470 28 1320 37.6 30.6 34.1 38.7 W200/LF 40 108 76125JTS 1470 33 1650 42 34.2 48.7 33.9 D200/46 51 109 77125JTS 1470 40 2075 45.9 37.4 72.1 28.8 W225/MF 73 113 81

140JTS 725 23 395 23.8 15.5 5.3 74.5 D160/27 7 88 51140JTS 725 31 591 28.5 18.5 9.2 64.2 D160/34 9.5 91 54140JTS 725 38 778 32.6 21.2 14.7 52.9 D180/40 17 96 59140JTS 725 42 890 35 22.7 18.8 47.3 D200/38 20 99 62140JTS 975 22 673 31.2 20.3 12.2 55.2 D160/30 13 95 60140JTS 975 33 1163 39.9 25.9 25.6 45.4 W200/LFG 27 99 64140JTS 975 39 1456 44.7 29 38.1 38.2 D200/57 39 104 69140JTS 975 42 1610 47 30.5 45.6 35.3 W225/MF 53 106 71

160JTS 725 29 924 41.5 20.6 15.2 60.8 D180/40 17 94 58160JTS 725 35 1190 46.9 23.2 23.2 51.3 D200/46 24 98 62160JTS 725 40 1424 51.4 25.6 32 44.5 D200/57 33 102 66160JTS 725 42 1521 53.2 26.4 36.1 42.1 W225/MF 44 104 68160JTS 975 19 939 43.8 21.8 20.4 46 D180/40 23 99 65160JTS 975 24 1295 49.8 24.8 26.3 49.2 W200/LFG 27 100 66160JTS 975 29 1672 55.8 27.8 37.1 45.1 D200/57 39 101 67160JTS 975 33 1989 60.7 30.2 49.2 40.4 W225/MF 53 104 70

SoundPower dBW

Fan Type

Speedrev/min

BladeAngle

(°)

Thrust(N)

VolumeFlow

OutletVelocity(m/s)

AbsorbedPower

kWN/kW Frame

Size

MotorRating(kWo)

SoundPressure

dB(A)

2.5.1

FläktWoods

50J 3550 27 53 12700 6020 9.2 5.8 D132/14 10 97 6250J 3550 31 63 13500 6420 11.8 5.3 D132/19 12.5 98 6350J 3550 36 74 14600 6920 15.5 4.8 D132/22 16 101 66

56J 3550 20 60 15200 5470 9.3 6.5 D132/14 10 99 6556J 3550 23 71 16900 6380 12.1 5.9 D132/19 12.5 99 6556J 3550 26 83 18200 6870 15.3 5.4 D132/22 16 100 66

63K 3550 20 70 22900 6820 18.8 3.7 D160/18 19 103 6963K 3550 23 100 24600 7330 25.2 4 D160/23 26 103 6963K 3550 26 120 26300 7830 31.8 3.8 D160/28 33 104 7063K 3550 30 150 28800 8590 40.9 3.7 D160/32 41 105 71

71K 1770 31 70 20600 4820 9.5 7.4 D132/18 9.7 94 5871K 1770 36 85 22500 5280 13.6 6.3 D132/24 14 97 61

80J 1770 24 80 27100 5010 9.5 8.4 D132/18 9.7 90 6380J 1770 29 100 30300 5600 13.5 7.4 D132/24 14 91 6480J 1770 35 124 33500 6190 19 6.5 D160/20 20 63 6780J 1770 41 147 35400 6540 25.3 5.8 D160/26 26 96 69

90J 1770 25 134 39200 5720 18.6 7.2 D160/20 20 94 5690J 1770 29 160 42600 6220 24.5 6.5 D160/26 26 95 6090J 1770 37 211 47900 6990 38.3 5.5 D160/40 39 98 6290J 1770 40 229 48930 7140 44.2 5.2 DF180/LA 45 100 65

100J 1140 27 92 35200 4170 9.9 9.3 D132/26 10 88 53100J 1140 31 108 37900 4480 12.7 8.5 D160/23 14 89 57100J 1140 39 140 41900 4960 19.3 7.3 D160/30 20 39 61100J 1140 42 152 43000 5090 22.1 6.9 D160/40 26 94 62100J 1775 22 175 48300 5710 25.4 6.9 D160/26 26 97 67100J 1775 29 243 57000 6740 42.3 5.7 DF180/LA 45 99 69100J 1775 36 310 63400 7490 63.1 4.9 D200/40 64 101 71100J 1775 42 367 66900 7920 83 4.4 D200/57 100 104 74

112J 875 25 78 35800 3380 6.5 12 D132/26 6.7 88 53112J 875 31 100 40900 3880 9.8 10.2 D160/27 10 89 54112J 875 38 127 45700 4310 14.5 8.8 D160/34 14.7 91 56112J 1170 28 160 51500 4860 19.3 8.3 D160/30 20 95 62112J 1170 32 185 55700 5260 25 7.4 D160/40 26 96 63112J 1170 35 205 58700 5540 29.7 6.9 DF180/LA 32 97 64112J 1170 40 240 62700 5920 28.4 6.3 200/LFG 40 99 66

125J 875 22 103 47700 3630 9.3 11 D160/27 10 90 55125J 875 27 133 54200 4100 13.9 9.6 D160/34 14.7 92 57125J 875 32 162 60200 4550 19.4 8.4 D160/40 20 93 58125J 875 39 200 66900 5060 28.7 7 D200/38 30 96 61125J 1170 23 195 65100 4920 24 8.1 D160/40 26 97 63125J 1170 29 260 76100 5760 38.7 6.7 W200/LFG 40 99 65125J 1170 36 329 86500 6540 57.4 5.7 D200/57 60 102 68125J 1170 40 365 90900 6880 72 5.1 W225/MF 75 103 69

140J 875 20 146 62700 3780 13.5 10.8 D160/34 14 93 58140J 875 27 210 75800 4570 23.7 8.9 DF180/LA 25 95 60140J 875 33 265 85400 5100 34.3 7.7 D200/46 36 97 62140J 875 40 328 91300 5500 48.8 6.7 D200/57 50 100 65140J 1170 19 243 80700 4870 29.2 8.3 DF180/LA 32 100 67140J 1170 24 326 94500 5700 45.6 7.1 D200/46 47 101 68140J 1170 27 376 101500 6130 56.8 6.6 D200/57 60 102 69140J 1170 31 441 109500 6600 73.3 6 W225/MF 75 103 70

160J 700 18 139 70700 3270 10.8 12.8 D160/34 11.5 92 56160J 700 24 20 85800 3960 18.8 10.6 D180/35 19 93 57160J 700 29 250 96200 4450 26.7 9.4 D200/46 27 95 59160J 700 36 391 106700 4930 39.7 8 W225/MF 40 97 61160J 875 19 233 91900 4250 23.5 9.9 DF180/LA 25 97 62160J 875 23 296 104400 4820 33.9 8.7 D200/46 36 98 63160J 875 28 375 117800 5440 48.8 7.7 D200/57 50 100 63160J 875 31 422 124500 5750 58.8 7.2 W225/MF 60 101 66

SoundPower dBW

Fan Type

Speedrev/min

BladeAngle

(°)

Thrustlbf/

VolumeFlow(cfm)

OutletVelocity(ft/min)

AbsorbedPower

hp

lbf/hp

FrameSize

MotorRating(hp)

SoundPressure

dB(A)

60Hz UNIDIRECTIONAL RANGE

2.6

FläktWoods

60Hz TRULY REVERSIBLE RANGE

50KTS 3550 32 51 12300 5830 8.9 5.7 D132/14 10 99 6550KTS 3550 36 60 13300 6300 11.7 5.1 D132/19 12.5 100 6650KTS 3550 40 69 14400 6820 15.1 4.6 D132/22 16 100 66

56JTS 3550 24 56 15200 5740 9.1 6.2 D132/14 10 98 6556JTS 3550 28 69 16700 6300 12 5.8 D132/19 12.5 100 6756JTS 3550 32 83 18200 6870 16 5.2 D132/22 16 102 69

63KTS 3550 25 95 22200 6630 18.9 5 D160/18 19 103 7163KTS 3550 29 115 24200 7200 25.2 4.6 D160/23 26 105 7363KTS 3550 33 130 26300 7830 32.7 4 D160/28 33 106 7463KTS 3550 36 145 27500 8210 39.3 3.7 D160/32 41 107 75

71KTS 1770 37 70 20800 4870 9.5 7.4 D132/18 9.7 96 6271KTS 1770 43 85 22500 5270 13.4 6.3 D132/24 14 97 63

80JTS 1770 29 77 26900 4970 9.3 8.3 D132/18 9.7 92 5980JTS 1770 34 96 29700 5500 13.2 7.3 D132/24 14 95 6280JTS 1770 40 119 33300 6115 19.4 6.1 D160/20 20 99 6680JTS 1770 42 127 43400 6340 22 5.8 D160/26 26 100 67

90JTS 1770 26 107 35200 5140 13.7 7.8 D132/24 14 95 6290JTS 1770 31 135 39400 5750 19.6 6.9 D160/20 20 97 6490JTS 1770 35 159 42600 6220 25.7 6.2 D160/26 26 100 6790JTS 1770 41 197 47400 6920 37.8 5.2 D160/40 39 103 70

100JTS 1140 26 70 31300 3700 6.4 10.9 D132/19 6.7 88 54100JTS 1140 32 92 35600 4210 9.5 9.7 D132/26 10 91 57100JTS 1140 37 109 39600 4690 13 8.4 D160/23 14 94 60100JTS 1140 50 118 41900 4690 15.4 7.7 D160/30 20 96 62100JTS 1775 26 168 47700 6540 24.9 6.7 D160/26 26 99 68100JTS 1775 32 215 54200 6420 37.9 5.7 D160/40 39 101 70100JTS 1775 37 250 60000 7090 52.2 4.8 W200/LF 53 104 73100JTS 1775 44 300 68000 8050 77.6 3.9 D200/46 78 109 78

112JTS 875 30 75 36200 3420 6.4 11.7 D132/26 6.7 91 57112JTS 875 37 98 40900 3880 10 9.8 D160/27 10 92 58112JTS 875 44 118 44500 4200 14.1 8.4 D160/34 14.7 93 59112JTS 1170 33 155 51300 4840 18.9 8.2 D160/30 20 98 65112JTS 1170 38 180 55500 5240 25.2 7.1 D160/40 26 99 65112JTS 1170 42 200 58200 5490 30.7 6.5 DF180/LA 32 100 66112JTS 1170 44 210 59500 5620 33.7 6.2 W200/LFG 40 100 66

125JTS 875 28 105 46800 3560 9.6 10.9 D160/27 10 96 61125JTS 875 34 137 53000 4100 13.9 9.9 D160/34 14.7 98 63125JTS 875 39 160 60200 4550 19.4 8.2 D160/40 20 100 65125JTS 875 44 180 66900 5060 24.7 6.3 DF180/LA 25 102 67125JTS 1170 29 197 64200 4860 24.9 7.9 D160/40 26 103 70125JTS 1170 36 261 73300 5550 39.4 6.6 W200/LFG 40 106 73125JTS 1170 39 287 76500 5790 46.2 6.2 D200/46 47 107 74125JTS 1170 44 325 80700 6100 58.8 5.5 D200/57 60 109 76

140JTS 875 25 145 66300 4000 14.2 10.2 D160/34 14.7 93 58140JTS 875 33 210 75800 4570 24.8 8.5 DF180/LA 25 97 62140JTS 875 38 254 83400 5030 34.6 7.3 D200/46 36 101 66140JTS 875 42 290 89400 5500 44.2 6.6 D200/57 50 104 69140JTS 1170 24 245 83200 5020 31.8 7.7 DF180/LA 32 100 67140JTS 1170 29 316 93400 5640 44.8 7.1 D200/46 47 101 68140JTS 1170 33 376 101500 6130 59.2 6.4 D200/57 60 104 71140JTS 1170 36 422 107400 6480 72.6 5.8 W225/LFG 75 106 73

160JTS 700 21 125 70300 3250 11 11.4 D160/34 11.5 91 55160JTS 700 29 193 84900 3920 18.4 10.5 D180/35 19 93 57160JTS 700 34 239 94000 4340 26.1 9.2 D200/46 27 97 59160JTS 700 40 298 105000 4850 38.6 7.7 W225/MF 40 101 61160JTS 875 23 221 92300 4270 24 9.2 DF180/LA 25 97 63160JTS 875 29 302 106100 4900 35.9 8.4 D200/46 36 98 64160JTS 875 33 359 115200 5520 47.7 7.5 D200/57 49.6 101 67160JTS 875 36 404 122200 5650 58.4 6.9 W225/MF 60 104 70

SoundPower dBW

Fan Type

Speedrev/min

BladeAngle

(°)

Thrustlbf/

VolumeFlow(cfm)

OutletVelocity(ft/min)

AbsorbedPower

hp

lbf/hp

FrameSize

MotorRating(hp)

SoundPressure

dB(A)

2.6.1

JETFOIL SOUND SPECTRUM FACTORS

FläktWoods

Jetfoils with 1D silencers - 50

125 250 500 1K 2k 4k 8k 125 250 500 1k 2k 4k 8k 125 250 500 1k 2k 4k 8k

50 2900 -4 -5 -10 -13 -13 -15 -17 -7 -3 -10 -14 -12 -15 -19 -3 0 -4 -7 -8 -13 -1856 2900 -5 -3 -12 -14 -12 -16 -20 -7 -3 -10 -13 -10 -14 -20 -3 0 -4 -5 -5 -11 -1963 2900 -5 -5 -11 -11 -10 -13 -19 -8 -3 -11 -12 -9 -13 -21 -4 0 -5 -5 -5 -11 -2071 2900 -7 -4 -12 - 9 -9 -14 -20 -10 -4 -10 -10 -8 -13 -22 -6 0 -3 -5 -5 -12 -2180 1450 -12 -3 -12 -8 -10 -14 -19 -13 -2 -13 -9 -12 -22 -25 -1 +1 -7 -7 -11 -20 -2490 1450 -10 -3 -11 -7 -10 -13 -17 -11 -2 -12 -8 -12 -21 -23 +1 +1 -6 -6 -10 -19 -22

100 940 -3 -7 -12 -9 -12 -14 -21 -2 -7 -13 -10 -16 -22 -27 +2 +2 -9 -8 -13 -20 -26100 1470 -11 -5 -11 -6 -10 -12 -19 -11 -3 -11 -6 -11 -19 -24 +1 0 -5 -4 -10 -17 -23112 960 -5 -4 -11 -10 -13 -17 -22 -5 -5 -12 -9 -11 -15 -22 +2 +1 -7 -8 -11 -15 -22112 1470 -12 -5 -8 -6 -11 -15 -20 -8 -6 -9 -6 -9 -15 -20 +2 0 -3 -5 -9 -15 -20125 960 -5 -4 -11 -9 -13 -18 -21 -4 -5 -10 -9 -11 -18 -23 +1 -2 -9 -8 -11 -18 -24125 1470 -8 -6 -7 -7 -11 -16 -19 -6 -7 -8 -7 -10 -17 -22 +1 -2 -6 -7 -10 -17 -23140 725 -3 -5 -12 -11 -15 -19 -22 -1 -10 -14 -11 -15 -21 -24 +1 -5 -11 -9 -12 -19 -24140 975 -5 -4 -10 -9 -12 -17 -20 -3 -8 -13 -9 -14 -21 -24 +3 -1 -7 -5 -9 -17 -21160 725 -4 -5 -12 -11 -15 -19 -22 -2 -10 -14 -11 -15 -21 -24 +1 -4 -10 -8 -11 -18 -23160 975 -6 -4 -10 -9 -12 -17 -20 -3 -7 -12 -8 -13 -20 -23 +1 -2 -8 -6 -10 -18 -22

Unidirectional J & K Truly reversible - reverse JS & KTSTruly reversible - forward JTS & KTSFanType

Speedrev/min

Jetfoils with 1D silencers - 50

125 250 500 1K 2k 4k 8k 125 250 500 1k 2k 4k 8k 125 250 500 1k 2k 4k 8k

50 3550 -6 -3 -11 -14 -13 -15 -17 -8 -3 -8 -13 -11 -14 -18 -3 0 -3 -6 -7 -12 -1756 3550 -6 -3 -11 -13 -11 -14 -18 -8 -3 -9 -12 -9 -13 -19 -4 -1 -3 -5 -5 -11 -1863 3550 -7 -3 -12 -12 -10 -13 -19 -9 -3 -10 -11 -8 -12 -20 -5 -1 -5 -4 -4 -10 -1971 1770 -4 -5 -12 -11 -11 -16 -22 -5 -3 -13 -12 -10 -15 -24 -2 +3 -7 -8 -7 -14 -2380 1770 -14 -4 -11 -7 -8 -13 -18 -15 -2 -10 -7 -10 -20 -23 -1 +2 -5 -5 -9 -18 -2290 1770 -12 -4 -10 -6 -8 -12 -16 -14 -3 -10 -7 -11 -20 -22 0 +1 -5 -5 -10 -18 -21100 1140 -6 -5 -11 -7 -11 -13 -20 -5 -4 -12 -8 -13 -20 -25 +2 0 -7 -6 -11 -18 -24100 1775 -13 -6 -10 -5 -8 -11 -18 -14 -4 -9 -5 -10 -18 -23 0 0 -4 -3 -9 -16 -22112 875 -4 -4 -12 -10 -14 -18 -23 -3 -5 -12 -9 -11 -17 -22 +3 +2 -7 -8 -11 -17 -22112 1170 -8 -4 -9 -8 -12 -16 -21 -6 -5 -10 -7 -10 -16 -21 +3 +1 -4 -6 -10 -16 -21125 875 -4 -4 -12 -11 -14 -19 -22 -4 -5 -12 -10 -12 -19 -24 +2 -2 -10 -9 -12 -19 -25125 1170 -6 -4 -9 -9 -12 -17 -20 -5 -6 -9 -8 -11 -18 -23 +1 -2 -7 -9 -11 -18 -24140 875 -4 -4 -11 -11 -13 -18 -21 -2 -8 -13 -9 -13 -20 -23 +2 -2 -9 -6 -10 -18 -23140 1170 -6 -4 -8 -9 -11 -16 -19 -6 -5 -12 -7 -11 -19 -22 +1 -1 -7 -5 -9 -17 -21160 700 -4 -5 -12 -11 -15 -19 -22 -2 -10 -14 -11 -15 -21 -24 +1 -4 -10 -8 -11 -18 -23160 875 -5 -4 -11 -11 -13 -18 -21 -3 -8 -13 -9 -13 -20 -23 +1 -2 -9 -6 -10 -18 -23

Unidirectional J & K Truly reversible - reverse JS & KTSTruly reversible - forward JTS & KTSFanType

Speedrev/min

2D silencer

125 250 500 1k 2k 4k 8k

50 -1 -2 -6 -4 -4 -1 -556 -1 -2 -5 -4 -5 -2 -463 -1 -2 -4 -6 -6 -4 -471 -1 -2 -4 -4 -4 -3 -380 -1 -2 -3 -3 -3 -2 -290 -1 -2 -2 -2 -1 -1 -2100 -1 -2 -3 -3 -2 -3 -2112 -1 -2 -2 -3 -3 -3 0125 0 -2 -2 -4 -2 -3 -2140 -1 -2 -2 -3 -2 -3 -2160 -1 -3 -2 -2 -2 -2 -1

Additional correction to1D silencer

Forward Reverse

125 250 500 1k 2k 4k 8k 125 250 500 1k 2k 4k 8k

dBW 101 101 101 101 101 101 101 101 101 101 101 101 101 1011D silencer -11 -3 -11 -6 -11 -19 -24 -1 0 -5 -4 -10 -17 -23

2D silencer 90 98 90 95 90 82 77 102 101 96 97 91 84 78-1 -2 -3 -3 -2 -3 -2 -1 -2 -3 -3 -2 -3 -2

89 96 87 92 88 79 75 101 99 93 94 89 81 76

SoundSpectrum

2.7

JETFOIL TEST METHODS

FläktWoods

1.0 Air PerformanceThe volume flows are measured using completeJetfoil units, i.e. fan with silencers andbellmouths fitted, but with the inlet bellmouthsreplaced by inlet measuring cones inaccordance with ISO 5801 and ISO 13350.Single measurements are taken and correspondto the volume flow close to zero static pressure.The velocities are derived from the areacalculated from the inlet/outlet diameter.

2.0 Thrust MeasurementTo measure the thrust the Jetfoil units aremounted on the test rig shown in Fig 13. Thetest rig consists of a platform, supported bylow friction linear bearings, mounted on aframe. The bearings constrain the movement tothe direction of the axis of rotation of the fan.The platform is restrained by a load cell whichmeasures the force exerted by the fan. The rigis installed centrally in a large building to ensurethat the circulating velocities are at a minimumand that there are minimal effects due to theproximity of walls, ceilings and floors. The rig islevelled and the force exerted by the fanmeasured when the thrust and power readingshave stabilised.

3.0 Sound LevelsThe sound levels are measured using themethod specified in ISO 13347 Part 2 and ISO3741 by calibrating a semi-reverberant area

with a reference sound source of known soundpower level.The reference sound source is positioned andwith the sound source operating the soundpressure levels are measured at the positionsindicated on the primary and secondary paths toestablish that the area is sufficientlyreverberant. A correction factor 'K' for the roomcalibration can then be determined.The reference sound source is then replaced bythe Jetfoil and the fan sound pressure levelmeasured at the positions in the primary path.The Jetfoil sound power level (Lw) is determinedby adding with the measured Jetfoil mean soundpressure level (Lp(m)), the K factor.

Lw = Lp(m) + K dBw

The selection tables show the average soundpressure level on the ‘A’ weighted scale at adistance of 10m under free field sphericalpropagation. At a distance of 3m from the fan,the level would be 10dB higher. As anapproximate guide for the ‘in-tunnel’ dBA level,20dBA can be added to the value at 10m. TheNR level is 5 to 8 less, e.g. 90dBA is NR85.The sound power level spectrum can beobtained using the sound spectrum correctionfactor. The data is essential for evaluating thesound pressure level in a tunnel with all the fansrunning.

x

x

x x x x x

x x x x x

REFERENCE SOURCE

SECONDARY MICROPHONE PATH

PRIMARY MICROPHONE PATH

1.8m MIN

1.8m

MIN

3m

1.5m

ALL SURFACES HARD FINISH

Note: the fan shall be accurately levelled prior to testing

DIRECTION OF FAN MOVEMENT

LINEAR BEARINGS

POSSIBLEFAN MOVEMENT

SYSTEM.TRANSDUCER/MEASURING

AIRFLOW

Semi-Reverberant Sound Test Method Fan Thrust Test Rig

Fig 12 Fig 13

2.8

FläktWoods

JETFOIL SPECIFICATIONS

1.0 SizesThe standard range of Jetfoils has elevendiameters from 500 mm to 1600 mm. Smallerand larger sizes can also be provided.

2.0 Performance2.1 All tests shall be performed on completeunits with the appropriate silencers orbellmouth(s) fitted.

2.2 The fan shall deliver the volume or velocityspecified when tested in accordance with ISO5801 with a flow measuring inlet fitted in placeof the inlet bellmouth.

2.3 The fan shall give the sound power levelspecified when tested in accordance with ISO13350 and ISO 3741. Inlet and outlet soundlevels shall be measured and in the case ofreversible fans, the sound level shall bemeasured in both directions of airflow.

2.4 The fan shall give the thrust specified whentested on a test rig which constrains thelongitudinal axis of the fan. The testmeasurements shall be made after the fan hasreached steady operating conditions.

2.5 Three standard configurations are available.No silencer, in which case the fans are fitted withbellmouths.One diameter long silencers each side of the fan.Two diameter long silencers each side of the fan.

2.6 Jetfoils are designed for emergencyoperation at elevated temperatures, typically250°C for 1 hr. Up to 400°C for 2 hrs areavailable. Suitability of units to be confirmed byFläkt Woods Limited.

3.0 Construction3.1 ImpellerThe impeller shall have aerofoil section bladesfitted to a hub in a manner that allows simpleadjustment of blade pitch angle. Blades andhubs will be cast from aluminium-silicon alloy inaccordance with EN1676 (similar to ISO 3522and 7720) Grades EN AB 44100 or EN AB42100. The hub shall be fitted with a cast ironor steel insert bored and keywayed.Unidirectional impellers may be fitted with anaerodynamically shaped spinner.All cast aluminium impeller components shall beX-rayed to show compliance with the specifiedgrade of ASTM E155. X-ray records shall betraceable to the components and retained for aperiod of 10 years.

3.2 Casing3.2.1 StandardThe fan casing shall be manufactured from mild

steel to EN10111 (similar to ISO 3574 and3576) Grade HR14 with integral spun flanges.Four radial motor supports shall be used,continuously welded to the casing. The casingassembly shall be hot dip galvanised aftermanufacture in accordance with ISO 1459,1460 and/or 1461.

3.2.2 Stainless Steel (560 mm to 1000mm)The fan casing shall be manufactured fromStainless Steel to ENXXXXXX Grade 316L(other grades are available) with integral spunflanges. Four motor supports shall be usedeither bolted or welded to the casing.Smaller and larger sizes can also be provided.

3.3 Silencers3.3.1 StandardStandard construction with pre-galvanised steelouter skin fastened to hot dip galvanised endsand bellmouths, fitted with galvanisedperforated liner and aerodynamic pod.

3.3.2 HeavyHeavy construction with steel outer skin weldedto flanges and bellmouth and the completeassembly hot dip galvanised after fabrication,fitted with stainless steel perforated liner andaerodynamic pod

3.3.3 Stainless SteelStainless Steel construction with outer skinfastened to Stainless Steel ends andbellmouths, fitted with stainless steel perforatedliner and aerodynamic pod.

4.0 Motor4.1 The motor shall be pad mounted,continuously air stream rated and complyingfully with IEC 34–1, with minimum class Finsulation. High efficiency motors also available.The fan shall be fitted with an external terminalbox connected to the motor with conduit. Bothmotor and terminal box shall comply with IEC34–5 Grade IP 55.

4.2 The motor bearings shall have an L 10 lifeof at least 20,000 hours i.e. an average life of100,000 hours when calculated in accordancewith ISO 281. Motors can be fitted withextended lubricators mounted on the fancasing.

4.3 Purpose designed systems of enhancedthermal endurance are offered for emergencyoperation typically 250°C for 1 hr and up to400°C for 2 hrs. Bearings shall have a greasesuitable for operation at elevated temperatures.

2.9

JETFOIL SPECIFICATIONS

FläktWoods

5.0 Fan Balance and Vibration5.1 The impeller shall be statically balanced toa level of G6.3 in accordance with ISO 1940.

5.2 Vibration at the fan feet shall be inaccordance with the requirements of ISO13350: a test performed with the fansupported on anti-vibration mounts, duringwhich the vibration level shall be measured atrotational frequency in the vertical, horizontaland axial directions at a point on the front andrear feet adjacent to the mounting hole.

6.0 FinishThree levels of finish are available.6.1 Standard finish: steel parts as describedunder type of construction, impeller unpainted,motor with standard manufacturers paintsystem.

6.2 Micaceous iron oxide: Grey micaceous ironoxide epoxy paint applied all over with a dry filmthickness of 75 microns, to assembledcomponents prior to final assembly.

6.3 External paint finish: Grey epoxy top coatapplied to the exterior surfaces of theassembled fan may be specified in addition to(5.1) or (5.2). Other colours can be provided ifrequired.

Note: Stainless steel perforated liners shall notbe painted. All surfaces shall be pre-treated toensure good adhesion of paint finish.

7.0 GuardsInlet and outlet guards can be provided. Twotypes are available, a simple cross or spirallywound from steel wire, both are hot dipgalvanised.

8.0 Quality AssuranceThe manufacturer shall be registered as a firmof assessed ability to produce goods or servicesin accordance with BS EN ISO9001.94.

9.0 Condition MonitoringMost fans can be fitted with conditionmonitoring equipment to monitor balance levels,vibration levels, bearing temperature or bearingcondition.

10.0 Control PanelsPanels can be supplied to sequentially controlthe operation of the fans to give stepped volumecontrol and uniform operating hours.

2.9.1

INSTALLATION OF JETFOIL

FläktWoods

When installing a Jetfoil, to minimise risks ofresonance due to structural interaction and toaccommodate modest misalignment, it isrecommended that anti vibration mountings areused. It is important that the natural frequency ofthe fan on the anti vibration mountings is less thanhalf the rotational frequency of the fan and that thenatural frequency of the frame is twice that of themount. To achieve this, the deflection of the antivibration mounting in any direction, due to a forceequivalent to the weight of the fan, should be atleast:

• 5 mm for rotational speeds of 900 to

1200 rev/min

• 3 mm for rotational speed over

1200 rev/min

The effect of speed control must also beconsidered.

Deflections greater than 10 mm may need specialinstallation methods to prevent excessivemovement due to the air movement caused bylarge vehicles. The deflection of the frame shouldbe not more than 1/4 of the deflection of the Anti-Vibration mountings.

The thrust from the Jetfoil is unlikely to giveexcessive load or movement of the antivibration

mountings, but its effect on the support mechanismmust be considered as it could cause a highbending load. Similarly any misalignment betweenthe support and the fan could give excessive loadsand must be avoided. The positions of themounting holes in the fan feet are adjustable bymeans of oversized holes or slots or by packingshims, and this adjustment must be used to avoidmisalignment.

The safety of the installation should not rely on theisolating spring or rubber, if these fail the fan shouldnot be able to fall. So, for example, if a drop rod isused through the centre of the spring or rubber, atop plate should be used that will not pass throughthe support. Particular attention should be paid tothe potential effects of fire. The use of safety chainsindependently fastened to the roof of the tunnel isrecommended.

Advice is available on the design of frames andsupport systems. A unique design of feet andframes are available that will allow the outerdiameter of the fan to be installed on Anti-Vibrationmountings and within 25 mm of the tunnel roof,irrespective of the tunnel profile.

Fans should always be maintained in accordancewith the instructions issued with the product to beinstalled.

PER FAN FIXED TO TUNNEL ROOF4 SAFETY CHAIN SUPPORTS

FOR ASSEMBLY AND MAINTENANCENOTE: ALLOW SUFFICIENT GAP BETWEEN FANS

TO SUIT FAN / FEET INSTALLATION4 FIXING POINTS TO TUNNEL ROOF PER FAN

Fig 14

2.10

JETFOIL DIMENSIONS AND WEIGHTS

FläktWoods

J F

B D

IA

C

L CRSP

M

CRSL

J

A D

IA

IT IS RECOMMENDED THAT A WOODSFRAME ACCOMPANIES THE JET FAN TOENSURE A SECURE INSTALLATION.

ANTI-VIBRATION MOUNTS ARE AVAILABLE FOR SOFT MOUNTINGINSTALLATIONS. THEY CAN BE MOUNTED BOTH WITHIN THE FRAME,(PICTURED) OR BENEATH THE FOOT, IF REQUIRED.

500 500 600 730 908 100 640 526 596 246 135560 560 660 730 930 100 640 590 660 261 143630 630 753 890 1106 100 850 740 780 285 373710 710 853 890 1142 100 820 790 860 315 386800 800 953 890 1158 100 850 960 1000 351 397900 900 1073 890 1190 100 820 1030 1100 385 407

1000 1000 1195 890 1224 100 795 1045 1200 431 4621120 1120 1338 940 1316 100 845 1225 1320 474 7921250 1250 1494 940 1360 125 905 1380 1450 520 8101400 1400 1680 940 1400 125 845 1505 1600 573 8531600 1600 1906 940 1460 150 845 1705 1800 644 916

EFE

A D

IA

B D

IA

C

D CRS

J CRS

H

G

FITTED

F

CRSK

CE E

DIA

A DIA

B

P

M

CRSL

Size A B C F J K L M P Weightkg

Fan Only

500 500 650 730 1905 100 640 526 596 246 185560 560 710 730 2050 100 640 590 660 261 203630 630 780 890 2366 100 850 740 780 285 443710 710 860 890 2562 100 820 790 860 315 474800 800 1000 890 2758 100 850 960 1000 351 512900 900 1100 890 2990 100 820 1030 1100 385 547

1000 1000 1200 890 3224 100 795 1045 1200 431 6261120 1120 1320 940 3556 100 845 1225 1320 474 9921250 1250 1450 940 3798 125 905 1380 1450 520 10641400 1400 1600 940 4240 125 845 1505 1600 573 12511600 1600 1800 940 4660 150 845 1705 1800 644 1538

Size A B C F J K L M P Weightkg

500 500 650 2630 980 1075 480 410 575 278560 560 710 3010 1180 1195 620 440 635 396630 630 780 3290 1250 1335 620 475 705 448710 710 860 3830 1550 1495 840 525 785 691800 800 1000 4110 1510 1700 710 610 900 645900 900 1100 4580 1680 1900 780 660 1000 800

1000 1000 1200 5090 1890 2100 890 710 1100 11651120 1120 1320 5590 2030 2340 910 810 1220 12951250 1250 1450 6110 2160 2600 910 900 1350 15281400 1400 1600 6710 2310 2900 910 1020 1520 20511600 1600 1800 7510 2510 3300 910 1120 1720 2524

Size A B C D E F G H Weightkg

Fan & 1D Silencer

Fan & 2D Silencers

2.11

IT IS RECOMMENDED THAT A FLÄKT WOODSFRAME ACCOMPANIES THE JETFAN TOENSURE A SECURE INSTALLATION

ANTI-VIBRATION MOUNTS AREAVAILABLE FOR SOFTMOUNTINGINSTALLATIONS THEY CAN BEMOUNTED BOTH WITHIN THE FRAME,(PCTURED) OR BENEATH THE FOOT, IFREQURIED.

LARGE JM AEROFOIL FANS

FläktWoods

Large JM Aerofoil Fan TypesAs an addition to their standard JM Aerofoilfans, Fläkt Woods have developed a range ofLarge JM Aerofoil fans to provide higherpressures and volumes. The fans can besupplied with or without guide vanes, contra-rotating and as truly reversible fans, thatprovide the same flow in both the forward andreverse directions.

Size & PerformanceThe Large JM Aerofoil fans have diameters from1600 mm to 3150 mm and will produce volumeflows up to 300 m3/s (600,000 cfm) and4750 Pa (16 ins wg) total pressure as singlestage units.

InstallationDesigns are available for vertical or horizontalinstallation and the fans are supplied fullyassembled and tested. For maximum efficiency,reliability and compactness the fans are directdrive with the fan impeller mounted directly onthe motor shaft.

Large JM Aerofoil fan being installed prior to an acoustictest

ReversibilityThe reversible fans feature a symmetricalreversible blade section that gives the sameperformance in both the forwards and reversedirection.

EfficiencyFor maximum efficiency either guide vanes orcontra rotating fans are available to reduce thelost energy caused by discharging a rotatingairstream.

Quality AssuredEngineered to Fläkt Woods own high standards,our design and manufacturing systems alsocarry BS EN ISO9001.94.3 accreditation. FläktWoods fans come with a two year warranty.

Performance TestingBoth Jetfoils and large JM Aerofoils have beentested in the Fläkt Woods DevelopmentLaboratory BSI (CAME Scheme) and AMCAaccredited and use ISO 5801and ISO 13350test methods. The thrust, airflow and soundpower levels have been measured for a range ofsizes, blade angle and in the forward andreverse directions.

3.0

LARGE JM AEROFOIL RANGE OVERVIEW

FläktWoods

• Size range 1.6 m to 3.15 m.

• Guaranteed performance to ISO 5801.

• Unidirectional or truly reversible blade sections.

• High pressure 2 stage fans are available.

• Emergency operation at elevated temperatures (up to 400°C for 2 hours - please enquire).

• All impeller components are examined by x-ray to ensure extended component life.

• Manufacturer registered and assessed in accordance with BS EN ISO9001.94.3.

• Ancillaries:-

Guards

Condition Monitoring

Anti Vibration Mounts

Flexible Connectors

Painted Finish

Bellmouth/coned entries

LARGE JM AEROFOIL RANGE OVERVIEW

FläktWoods

Large JM Aerofoil fans of the following typesare available.

Unidirectional Non Guide Vane These use an impeller designed to operatemainly in the forward direction but which can bereversed occasionally, e.g. in an emergency. Tomaximise the performance in the reversedirection it does not have guide vanes. A fan ofthis type would give approximately 65% of theforward flow and about 50% of the pressuredevelopment in reverse.

Unidirectional Guide Vane If the performance in reverse is less important,fans can be fitted with guide vanes to increasethe pressure development. When air passesthrough a fan the impeller turns the air andgives it a rotating component. The guide vanesturn this component into the axial direction andregain some kinetic energy from the rotatingvelocity.The performance in reverse would typically be55% of the volume in the forward direction,with 35% of the pressure.

100% Reversible Fläkt Woods JM 100% reversible fans aredesigned for maximum performance andefficiency and so have truly symmetricalreversible blade sections. They give 100%reversible performance and about 90% of thevolume of a standard fan and 85% of thepressure.The symmetrical reversible section consists oftwo top surfaces of an aerofoil section back toback in the reverse direction. The top surfacesof an aerofoil section creates nearly all the liftbecause of the accelerated flow that causes anegative static pressure.

When the fan operates in one direction, the topsurface in the forward direction produces itsnormal lift, although there is an additional dragdue to the extra thickness at the trailing edge

(which is the leading edge in the reversedirection). When the fan operates in thereverse direction the other surface is nowoperating in its normal direction and anidentical performance is produced. This type ofsection increases the fan efficiency comparedto a fan with alternate reversed blades.

Contra Rotating Multi StageThese consist of two or more similar fansoperating in series with the impellers rotating inopposite directions. The first impeller rotatesthe air in one direction and the second impellerrotates it in the opposite direction so that itleaves the fan nearly axially. By this means thecontra rotating fan develops more than twicethe total pressure of a single fan at a very highefficiency.

Volume ControlVolume control is not necessarily needed tomake a ventilation system operate correctly. Itis used to reduce the operating costs of thetunnel and also reduces sound levels. For thisreason it is only necessary to have four to sixsteps of ventilation.

Variable SpeedThis is usually accomplished by the use ofinduction motors driven by inverters and givesmaximum reduction of power with volume, asthe power reduces with the cube of volume.However, there is an initial penalty in theadditional losses in the motor because thesupply from the inverter is not truly sinusoidaland there is the loss in the inverter itself. Thelatter is an extra heat loss into the plant roomthat must be removed by ventilation.

Air flow

Rotation

Rotation

JL (or KR) first stage

Air flow

RotationJR (or KL) second stage

Rotation

Resultant

Blade Air flowResultant

Blade Air flow

Air flow

Air flow

Rota

tion

Rota

tion

Reversi

ble Sect

ion

Fig 16

Fig 15

3.2

LARGE JM AEROFOIL SELECTION

FläktWoods

The use of an inverter reduces starting currentand so gives the best ratio of starting currentto starting time. Care must be taken over thedesign of the system and input and outputfilters incorporated as necessary to eliminateproblems with Elector Magnetic Compatibilityand to avoid affecting the mains supply. Largerinverters are also extremely costly, in somecases costing more than the complete fan.Operating at a reduced speed also has theadvantage that it reduces, wear of the bearingsand the temperature rise of the motor.However the non-sinusoidal wave form doesgive rise to additional magnetic forces in thewinding so the reliability of the winding wouldnot necessarily be improved by this decrease intemperature. The noise level of the impeller willbe reduced, by about 17 dB at half speed, butadditional magnetic noise may be apparent,particularly at the lowest speeds. Considerationmust also be given to the life of inverters as,because of design changes, spares may not beavailable over a long period. Two speed motorsprovide similar reductions in powerconsumption without the inherent problems ofinverters when limited speed control isrequired.Variable PitchA variable pitch fan is fitted with an electric,

pneumatic or hydraulic actuator that enablesthe fan pitch angle to be changed while the fanis running. The fan volume can thus bereduced by reducing the pitch angle. Again, thefirst approximation to power saving, is that itreduces by the cube of the change of volume.However the fan is normally selected for highefficiency at the maximum duty point and so asthe volume is reduced so is the fan efficiency.The sound level reduces as the volume is initiallyreduced but can increase again at very lowangles when the fan efficiency is very low.Operating at reduced pitch angle and power willreduce the temperature rise of the motor andincrease the life of the motor windings.Starting at low pitch angle will reduce the runup time, particularly at reduced voltage.

Fans in ParallelVolume control can be most simply achieved byusing more than one fan in parallel operation,i.e. the volume is divided between the numberof fans used which all operate at the samepressure. The volume is controlled by switchingoff fans. As each fan is switched off, thevolume through the system reduces and sodoes the pressure. Therefore each invididualfan works against a lower pressure with theresult that its volume increases.The power does not reduce totally with thevolume cubed as the losses in the parallel partof the installation, the fan, damper andconnecting duct work, do not reduce becausethe volume through this section increasesslightly.However, if two speed motors are used with fulland three-quarter speeds, the power on thelower speed will be only 42% of that on highspeed. Subsequent volume and powerreductions can be made from this low level.Other advantages of fans in parallel are thatsmaller, more standard fans can be used andthere is a higher percentage of stand-by in caseof a fan system failure.

Volume

Pre

ssur

e

50% 75% 100%

Fig 17

Volume Flow

Sta

tic P

ress

ure

0 8 16 24 32

Air Volume

Fan

Sat

ic P

ress

ure

Low Speed

High Speed

2 fans

3 fans

4 fans

Fig 19

Fig 18

MAXIMUM SELECTION CRITERIA

FläktWoods

Detailed fan selections are available either direct from Colchester or from our local representatives.For design purposes, selections may be made from the envelope selection charts provided in section3.4. The following table provides details of the fan sizes and maximum speeds shown on the charts.A typical duty and in duct sound level a provided for each fan. The sound level at other duties can beestablished using the calculation shown below. The motor rating, to adequately provide the selectedduty, may be established by the calculation shown below using the following efficiencies. 65% for100% reversible fans, 70 % for non guide vane fans and 75% for guide vane fans.

Fan Max Volume Total Octave Band Centre Frequency (Hz) SoundDia Speed Motor Flow Pressure Level(m) (rpm) (kW) (m3/s) (Pa) 63 125 250 500 1K 2K 4K 8K dBW

1.6 1500 250 45 1.8 112 114 120 118 116 112 106 100 1241.8 1000 125 50 1.1 103 109 110 108 105 100 94 88 1151.8 1500 500 70 2.5 113 115 120 121 118 114 108 102 1262.0 1000 125 70 1.4 110 116 117 115 112 107 101 95 1222.0 1500 700 100 3.0 116 118 123 124 121 117 111 105 1292.24 1000 450 100 1.6 111 117 118 116 113 108 102 96 1232.5 750 250 110 1.0 106 112 113 111 108 103 97 91 1182.5 1000 700 150 2.2 114 118 123 121 117 112 106 100 1272.8 750 550 150 1.7 111 115 120 118 114 109 103 97 1243.15 600 Enq 180 1.2 110 114 119 117 113 108 102 96 1233.15 750 800 225 1.8 115 119 124 122 118 113 107 101 128

Fan Max Volume Total Octave Band Centre Frequency (Hz) SoundDia Speed Motor Flow Pressure Level(m) (rpm) (kW) (m3/s) (Pa) 63 125 250 500 1K 2K 4K 8K dBW

1.6 1500 250 45 1.4 113 115 121 119 117 113 107 101 125

1.8 1000 125 50 0.8 107 113 114 112 109 104 98 92 119

1.8 1500 500 65 1.9 116 118 123 124 121 117 111 105 129

2.0 1000 125 70 1.1 110 116 117 115 112 107 101 95 122

2.0 1500 700 85 2.2 119 121 126 127 124 120 114 108 132

2.24 1000 450 90 1.3 114 120 121 119 116 111 105 99 126

2.5 750 250 100 0.9 111 117 118 116 113 108 102 96 123

2.5 1000 700 125 1.7 117 121 126 124 120 115 109 103 130

2.8 750 550 140 1.2 114 118 123 121 117 112 106 100 127

3.15 600 Enq 60 0.9 108 112 117 115 111 106 100 94 121

3.15 750 800 200 1.5 118 122 127 125 121 116 110 104 131

50 Hz Unidirectional

50 Hz Truly Reversible

3.2.2

Motor Rating kW ≥ Volume flow m3/s x total pressure Pa10 x Efficiency %

Motor Rating Calculation

After calculating the motor rating, check it is within the rating of the maximum motor for the fan.

Sound Level of Fan = Base sound level + 25.log10 Actual flow x Actual pressure

Base flow x Base pressure

Sound Level Calculation

MAXIMUM SELECTION CRITERIA

FläktWoods

Fan Max Volume Total Octave Band Centre Frequency (Hz) SoundDia Speed Motor Flow Pressure Level(m) (rpm) (kW) (m3/s) (Pa) 63 125 250 500 1K 2K 4K 8K dBW1.6 1200 220 40 1.0 108 110 116 114 112 108 102 96 1201.6 1800 270 60 2.2 118 117 122 126 124 120 115 109 1301.8 1200 140 60 1.2 112 118 119 117 114 109 103 97 1241.8 1800 550 90 2.8 119 121 130 128 126 122 116 110 1342.0 1200 775 80 1.8 113 115 124 122 120 116 110 104 1282.24 900 140 90 1.2 109 111 120 118 116 112 106 100 1242.24 1200 490 110 1.9 118 120 125 126 123 119 113 107 1312.5 720 270 95 0.8 111 117 118 116 113 108 102 96 1232.5 900 775 120 1.3 115 119 124 122 118 113 107 101 1282.8 720 Enq 140 1.1 113 117 122 120 116 111 105 99 1263.15 600 Enq 160 0.9 114 118 123 121 117 112 106 100 1273.15 720 Enq 200 1.5 118 122 127 125 121 116 110 104 131

60 Hz Unidirectional

60 Hz Truly Reversible

Motor Rating kW ≥ Volume flow m3/s x total pressure Pa

10 x Efficiency %

Motor Rating Calculation

After calculating the motor rating, check it is within the rating of the maximum motor for the fan.

Sound Level of Fan = Base sound level + 25.log10 Actual flow x Actual pressure

Base flow x Base pressure

Sound Level Calculation

Fan Max Volume Total Octave Band Centre Frequency (Hz) SoundDia Speed Motor Flow Pressure Level(m) (rpm) (kW) (m3/s) (Pa) 63 125 250 500 1K 2K 4K 8K dBW

1.6 1200 220 45 1.1 105 107 113 111 109 105 99 93 1171.6 1800 270 65 2.5 115 114 119 123 121 117 112 106 1271.8 1200 140 65 1.6 109 115 116 114 111 106 100 94 1211.8 1800 550 100 3.6 116 118 127 125 123 119 113 107 1312.0 1200 775 90 1.9 110 112 121 119 117 113 107 101 1252.24 900 140 90 1.3 106 108 117 115 113 109 103 97 1212.24 1200 490 120 2.3 115 117 122 123 120 116 110 104 1282.5 720 270 100 1.0 107 113 114 112 109 104 98 92 1192.5 900 775 130 1.6 111 115 120 118 114 109 103 97 1242.8 720 Enq 150 1.4 110 114 119 117 113 108 102 96 1233.15 600 Enq 180 1.2 110 114 119 117 113 108 102 96 1233.15 720 Enq 215 1.7 114 118 123 121 117 112 106 100 127

3.2.3

LARGE JM AEROFOIL

SELECTION CURVES 50 Hz

FläktWoods

3.3

Unidirectional

100 200 300500

30 50

Tota

l Pre

ssur

e Pa

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

2000, 4P

1800, 4P

1600, 4P

1800, 6P

2000, 6P

2240, 6P

2500, 8P

2500, 6P3150, 8P

3150, 10P

2800, 8P

Volume Flow m /s3

Truly Reversible

200 3001005020500

Tota

l Pre

ssur

e Pa

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

1600, 4P

1800, 6P

2000, 6P

2000, 4P

1800, 4P

2500, 6P

2500, 8P

2500, 6P

2800, 8P

3150, 8P

3150, 10P

Volume Flow m /s3

LARGE JM AEROFOIL

SELECTION CURVES 60 Hz

FläktWoods

Unidirectional

Tota

l Pre

ssur

e Pa

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

5000

40004500

30 50 100 200 300

1800, 6P

1600, 6P

1600, 4P

1800, 4P

2240, 8P

2240, 6P

2000, 6P 2500, 8P

2800, 10P3150, 10P

3150, 12P2500, 10P

Volume Flow m /s3

Truly Reversible

Tota

l Pre

ssur

e Pa

20 50 100 200 300500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

1600, 4P

1800, 6P

1600, 6P 2240, 8P

1800, 4P

2240, 6P2000, 6P

2500, 8P

2800, 10P3150, 10P

3150, 12P2500, 10P

Volume Flow m /s3

3.4

LARGE JM AEROFOIL

SPECIFICATION

FläktWoods

1.0 SizesThe Large JM Aerofoil fan is available from1.6 m to3.15 m

2.0 PerformanceThe fans shall deliver the volume and pressurespecified in the fan schedule when tested inaccordance with, and to the tolerancesspecified in, ISO 5801. Truly reversible fansshall deliver this performance when tested inthe forward and reverse directions.The fans shall give the sound levels specified ineach octave band when tested in accordancewith and to the tolerances specified in, ISO5136 or ISO 13347 A as appropriate.Truly reversible fans shall deliver thisperformance when tested in the forward andreverse directions.

3.0 Construction3.1 Impeller3.1.1 BladesThe blades shall be cast aluminium alloy. Theblade castings shall be x-rayed using real timeradiography to standards defined by ASTME155 and a record of the x-ray retainedelectronically for a period of 10 years. Paperprints of the x-ray can be provided. The impellerblades shall use an aerofoil section selected forhigh performance and low susceptibility tofluctuating stresses due to rotating stall, in boththe forward and reverse direction. Trulyreversible impellers shall use an aerofoil sectionthat gives identical performance in eachdirection. The blades shall be drilled, tapped andfitted with high strength steel fixing studs. Thestud shall be used to fasten the blade throughthe hub and shall be fitted with a heavy washerand retaining nut on the inside. Alternatively theblades shall be manufactured with a shank tolocate in a recess the hub and clamp plate. Theblade tips shall be machined to give theminimum clearance between blades and casing.

3.1.2 HubThe hub shall be of welded construction fromstructural steel to BS EN 10025 S355JR andshall be stress relieved after welding and beforemachining. Alternatively the hub shall consist ofa matching pair of cast aluminium alloy ISO3522 clamplates with recesses shaped toclamp the blade shank. The hub shall beretained by a single self locking bolt and heavy

washer to hold it firmly against a shoulder onthe motor shaft. The hub spinner shall be spunfrom aluminium to EN 485 Grade EN AW 1200and shall be bolted to the hub.

3.2 CasingThe fan casing shall be of sufficient length sothat the impeller, motor and other parts do notextend beyond the end flanges. It shall bemanufactured from mild steel to EN 10111. Allparts shall be joined by continuous weldingusing butt or fillet welds as appropriate. Flangesshall be in accordance with ISO 6580 or ISO13351 as appropriate and either integrallyspun or continuously welded to the skin. Theminimum duct thickness shall be 6 mm. An external terminal box shall be fitted for the

connection of electrical leads to the motorwindings and a separate terminal box shall befitted for auxiliary connections. The terminalboxes shall meet the requirements of IEC 34-5,IP55 and shall be fitted with a drain hole at thelowest point within the box. The terminal boxshall be connected to the motor by a rigid orflexible conduit.

3.3 Fans with flange mounted motorsThe motor support for vertically mounted fansshall consist of a cylinder of minimum thickness8 mm with an end plate of minimum thickness25 mm to which the motor shall be mounted.The cylinder shall be supported by plate arms ofminimum thickness 8 mm. Fans shall be fittedwith four support feet fabricated from aminimum of 10 mm thick plate and drilled foranti-vibration mounts.

3.4 Fans with foot mounted motorsThe motor mounting plate shall be supported bya triangulated “M” frame constructed of aminimum thickness 10 mm. The fans shall besupported on a frame constructed from aminimum of 150mmx75mm channel with fixingholes for four anti-vibration mounts.Alternatively, fans can be mounted on bracedmounting feet with fixing holes for four antivibration mounts.

3.5 Fans with pad mounted motorsFor smaller fans, motors shall be pad mountedsupported either by bolted in arms or guidevanes welded to the duct skin.

3.5

FläktWoods

LARGE JM AEROFOIL

SELECTION CURVES 60 Hz4.0 MotorThe motor shall be squirrel cage induction type,single or two speed, with class F insulation andclass F continuous rating to IEC 34-1.Alternatively if the fan is to operate at 250°C forone hour in an emergency condition the motorshall have class H insulation to IEC 34-1. Themotor shall be fitted with ball or roller bearingswith an L10 life of 20000 hours, calculated inaccordance with ISO 281. The motor shall be fitted with a gland plate forconnection to the conduit to the terminal box.Motors fitted to vertically mounted fans shall beflange or pad mounted. Motors fitted tohorizontally mounted fans shall be flange, footor pad mounted. All flange or foot motors shallbe fitted with a metal cooling impeller suitablefor use with balance weights for dynamicbalancing. The motor shaft shall have a sidefitting key and be drilled and tapped for theimpeller retaining bolt and be provided with ashoulder to positively locate the fan impeller.Provision shall be made for external re-lubrication with lubricators extended to theoutside of the casing with corrosion resistantnylon tube terminating in a straight fittingprotected by a dust cap.

5.0 Fan Balance and VibrationThe impeller shall be statically balanced on abalancing machine in accordance with therequirements of ISO 1940. After assembly thefan shall be vibration tested to the levelsspecified in ISO 14694 and ISO 14695.

6.0 Finish

6.1 CasingThe casing of fans up to 2800 mm diametershall be hot dip galvanised after manufacture inaccordance with ISO 1459, ISO 1460 and ISO1461 as appropriate at a rate of at least 0.61kg/m2. The casings of fans 3150 mmdiameter shall be grit blasted and zinc sprayedto EN 22063.

6.2 ImpellerSteel hubs shall be grit blasted and zinc sprayedto EN 22063. Aluminium hubs, blades andspinner shall have no additional finish.6.3 MotorThe motor shall have a two coat epoxy paintfinish.

7.0 GuardsInlet and outlet guards can be provided. Twotypes are available, a simple cross or spirallywound from steel wire, both are hot dipgalvanised.

8.0 Quality AssuranceThe manufacturer shall be registered as a firmof assessed ability to produce goods or servicesin accordance with BS EN ISO9001.94.

9.0 Condition MonitoringMost fans can be fitted with conditionmonitoring equipment to monitor balance levels,vibration levels, bearing temperature or bearingcondition.

10.0 Control PanelsPanels can be supplied to sequentially controlthe operation of the fans to give stepped volumecontrol and uniform operating hours.

3.5.1

INSTALLATION OF LARGE

JM AEROFOIL

FläktWoods

All types of fans benefit from good installation.The following information is intended to help theuser to obtain the maximum airflow, lowestnoise level and energy consumption from theinstalled large JM Aerofoil fan. Therecommendations are based on data fromyears of field experience and are offered as abasic guide to correct installation. They are byno means exhaustive and Fläkt Woods serviceto system engineers and consultants can go farbeyond this. If a fan system presents problemsin layout, choice of fans or acoustic treatment,Fläkt Woods engineers will be pleased toadvise. When installing a large JM Aerofoil, toavoid resonances in the support frameamplifying vibration, it is recommended thatvibration isolators are used. If the fan issupported on a rigid concrete plinth positionedon the ground, vibration isolators may not benecessary but otherwise they are advised. Inaddition to isolating the fan vibrations from thebuilding structure they also isolate the fan fromunwanted vibrations. It is important that thenatural frequency of the fan on the vibrationisolator is less that half the rotational frequencyof the fan, also that the natural frequency ofthe frame is twice that of the mount. Toachieve this, the deflection of the vibrationisolator in any direction, due to a forceequivalent to the weight of the fan, should be atleast:

• 5 mm for rotational speeds of 900 to 1200rev/min

• 3 mm for rotational speed over 1200rev/min

Deflections greater than 10 mm may needspecial installation methods to preventexcessive movement due to air pressure,particularly when fans are reversed. Thedeflection of the frame should not be more than1/4 of the deflection of the mount.Any misalignment between the support and thefan could give excessive loads and must beavoided.

Consideration should be given to the inlet andoutlet conditions for the fan airflow. Thefollowing diagrams illustrate good practice andconditions to be avoided. For truly reversiblefans the system resistance must be consideredin both directions. To avoid a high loss in

reverse it is better to use diffusing cones ortransformations instead of bellmouths orconical inlets.

The method of servicing the fans must beplanned when designing the installation andprovision made for removal of motor andimpeller and possibly for the fan. Points forattachment of block and tackle should beprovided. Overhead rails can be used to lift,turn and remove the fan. Alternatively sliderails in conjunction with rollers fitted to the fancan be used.

Access doors should be placed in the ductsystem, both upstream and downstream of thefan, for inspection and maintenance.

Fans should always be maintained inaccordance with the instructions issued withthe product to be installed.

INSTALLATION OF LARGE

JM AEROFOIL

FläktWoods

TYPICAL INSTALLATION - HORIZONTAL AIRFLOW

FAN

SQUARE TO ROUNDTRANSFORMATION SECTION

FLEXIBLECONNECTOR

FLEXIBLECONNECTOR

ATMOSPHERE SIDE SILENCERSQUARE TO ROUNDTRANSFORMATION SECTION

SYSTEM SIDE SILENCER

AIRFLOW

SPRING VIBRATIONISOLATORS

TYPICAL INSTALLATION - VERTICAL AIRFLOW

AIRFLOW

SYSTEM SIDESILENCER

SQUARE TO ROUNDTRANSFORMATION SECTION

SUPPORT STEELWORKFOR FAN AND SYSTEMSIDE TRANSFORMATIONSECTION

FAN

SQUARE TO ROUNDTRANSFORMATION SECTION

SUPPORT STEELWORKFOR ATMOSPHERE SIDESILENCER AND ATMOSPHERESIDE TRANSFORMATIONSECTION

ATMOSPHERE SIDE SILENCER

FLEXIBLE CONNECTOR

SPRING VIBRATIONISOLATORS

FLEXIBLE CONNECTOR

3.6.1

INSTALLATION OF LARGE

JM AEROFOIL

FläktWoods

3.6.2

Horizontal mounting

Fig. 1H. A fan at entry shouldbe connected to the ductingwith a flexible connector andvibration isolators should beused.

Fig. 2H. A fan within ductingshould be connected byflexible connectors at each endmounted on vibration isolators.

Fig. 3H. For a two-stage fan itis usually necessary to fitvibration isolators at themiddle joint as well as at eachend.

Fig. 4H. The arrangement offlexible connectors andvibration isolators for asingle stage fan with onecylindrical silencer.Note: 'B' type silencers mustbe bolted directly to the fans.

Fig. 5H. The vibration isolatorarrangements for a singlestage fan with a silencer eachend.

Fig. 6H. The vibration isolatorarrangement for a two stagefan with a silencer at eachend.

Fig. 7H. Fans in parallel should blow into a common plenum chamber. The minimum dimensions of the plenum chamberin relation to the fan dia should be as above.

Vibration Isolators

To a v o i d m e c h a n i c a l l ytransmitted sound and vibrationproblems fans are normallyinstalled on vibration isolators.

D

1D

1.5D

3D

SilencerSilencer

SilencerSilencer

SilencerSilencer

Silencer

*Note: If ‘C’ type silencers are used, they should not be located within one fandiameter on the upstream side.

INSTALLATION OF LARGEJM AEROFOIL

FläktWoods

3.6.3

Make sure the support does notrestrict access for removal.

Vertical mounting

Fig. 1V. Support a singlestage fan by mountingfeet or plates fixed to theupper flange.

Fig. 4V. The supportarrangement for a twostage fan with asilencer below.

Fig. 2V. For a two stagefan support at the upperand lower flanges.

Fig. 3V. For a single stagefan with silencer below,support at the top of thefan and top of thesilencer.

Fig. 5V. The supportsfor a single stage fanwith a silencer above.

Fig. 6V. Supports fora two stage fan with asilencer above.

Fig. 7V. Supports for asingle stage fan with asilencer above andbelow.

Fig. 8V. Supports fora two stage fan with asilencer above andbelow.

Silencer

SilencerSilencerSilencerSilencer

Silencer

Silencer

Silencer

*Note: If ‘C’ type silencers are used, they should not be located within one fan diameter onthe upstream side.

INSTALLATION OF LARGE

JM AEROFOIL

FläktWoods

3.6.4

Inlets and outlets

WRONGA sharp-edged fan inlet orifice reduces fan performance.

RECOMMENDEDFit a bell-mouth inlet to the fan. Reversible fans shouldbe fitted with cones of 15° included angle on inlet andoutlet.

WRONGA flanged fan inlet starves the impeller blade tips of airreducing performance and increasing noise.

RECOMMENDEDA bellmouth inlet guides air into the impeller blade tips.

WRONGAvoid obstruction close to the fan outlet.

RECOMMENDEDAllow a space of at least the fan diameter. (D) at the fanoutlet.

D

WRONGAvoid obstructions close to fan inlets. Part of impeller isstarved of air.

RECOMMENDEDAllow a space of at least one fan diameter. (D) at the faninlet.

D

2D

D

INSTALLATION OF LARGE

JM AEROFOIL

FläktWoods

Bends, expanders and contractions

WRONGFan performance suffers and noise is increased if a 90°circular section bend of small radius is used.

RECOMMENDEDUse a square bend with short chord turning vanes. This isalso preferable when air flow is in the opposite direction.

WRONGDo not use an expander of more than 15° immediatelybefore or after the fan.

RECOMMENDEDIdeally an expander immediately before a fan should notbe more than 15°.

Flexible connections

WRONGFlexible connectors should not be slack, as this will cause"necking", which will starve the impeller blade tips of air,reduce fan performance and increase noise.

RECOMMENDEDFlexible connectors should be just long enough formechanical isolation and should be taut.

Dαα

3.6.5

DIMENSIONS AND WEIGHTS

FläktWoodsD

DIA

INS

IDE

A

DIA

OV

ER

FLA

NG

ES

B

C

450

E

F

P

CRSL

M

CRSK

IN ALL FLANGESH PCDEQUISPACED ONS HOLES T DIA

Horizontal Mounting

Fan A B C D E F K L M P H S T Max Dia MAX MAX CRS CRS PCD Fan

Weight (kg)

1600 1600 1760 2050 1150 6 1962 1700 1140 1200 1082 1680 24 18 3600

1800 1800 1960 2050 1250 6 2162 1700 1340 1400 1182 1880 24 18 3650

2000 2000 2160 2050 1350 6 2418 1700 1540 1600 1330 2080 24 18 3720

2240 2240 2415 2050 1470 6 2658 1700 1740 1800 1450 2320 24 18 4100

2500 2500 2716 2650 1700 12 2968 2500 2500 2000 1610 2580 24 18 7100

2800 2800 3055 2650 1850 25 3288 2500 2500 2250 1760 2880 24 18 7570

3150 3150 3366 2650 2025 25 3568 2500 2500 2600 1885 3230 28 22 7955

All dimensions in mm

3.7

DIMENSIONS AND WEIGHTS

FläktWoods

450

C

CRS

L OVER M

TG BRACKETS

M

DIA OVER FLANGESB

DIA INSIDEA

OV

ER

T/B

OX

D

IN ALL FLANGES H PCD

EQUISPACED ONS HOLES T DIA

Vertical Mounting

Fan A B C D L M H S T Max Dia MAX MAX CRS PCD Fan

Weight (kg)

1600 1600 1760 2050 1150 1950 2200 1680 24 18 4200

1800 1800 1960 2050 1250 2250 2400 1880 24 18 4290

2000 2000 2160 2050 1350 2500 2650 2080 24 18 4500

2240 2240 2415 2050 1470 2840 3000 2320 24 18 4920

2500 2500 2716 2650 1700 3100 3250 2580 24 18 8020

2800 2800 3055 2650 1850 3400 3650 2880 24 18 8620

3150 3150 3366 2650 2025 3750 4000 3230 28 22 9150

All dimensions in mm

3.7.1

ADDITIONAL FEATURES

FläktWoods

DampersKey to the control and operation of manyventilation systems are control dampers. Theseshould normally be sized on an airway velocity of8 m/s or below in order to avoid excessivesystem pressure and excess noise generation.Physical support must be designed in to acceptboth static and dynamic loading.

AttenuatorsFläkt Woods has over 40 years experience innoise control engineering and can assessand design attenuators to meet noiserequirements on both system and atmosphericsides. Attenuators can be provided ascomplete units, modules and splitter only to suitconcrete shafts and housings. Airways velocityabove 8 m/s should be avoided to limit systempressure and noise generation.

Vibration/Condition MonitoringPrinciple operating monitoring systems areavailable on the fans to minimise risks ofbreakdown and enable programmedmaintenance to be effectively planned. Optionsinclude bearing vibration and temperaturesystems. Bearing condition monitoring andmotor winding condition. We will be pleased todiscuss the best choice for your application.

Motor Starters/Inverter DrivesDrive systems can be supplied and specifiedthrough Fläkt Woods to match the operatingcharacteristics of the fan drives and ensurecompatibility of the complete package.Interfacing with key control and managementsystems are principle specificationrequirements.

Product AncillariesSuch as inlet cones, guards, flexible connectorsand anti-vibration mountings are available andare shown as part of the dimension and weightsdrawing.

After Sales ServiceFläkt Woods Service and Repair Division offer afull range of site support activity that includesroutine monitoring site surveys and servicecontracts. Please contact Colchester forfurther details.

Fläkt Woods are able to provide additional equipment and features to support typical project applications.Please enquire to Colchester for:-

4.0

FläktWoods

FläktWoods

DDJRG/1004/JM JET (NEW STYLE)

We Bring Air to Life

Fläkt Woods Group provides a full range of products and solutionsfor buildings ventilation, air treatment and industrial air movement

Sales Offices available World Wide - See our website for details

www.flaktwoods.com

Fläkt Woods Group Ltd Affolternstrasse 40 8050 Zürich Tel: +41 43 288 38 00 Fax:+41 43 288 38 10 Email: info@flaktwoods.com

Head office

Due to a policy of continuous development and improvement theright is reserved to supply products which may differ from thoseillustrated and described in this publication. Certified dimensionswill be supplied on request on receipt of order. PC/Corp July 04