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International Journal of Business and Social Science
Vol. 3 No. 7; April 2012Evaluation of Eplo!ees" Jo# Satisfaction and $ole of %ender &ifference' An
Epirical Stud! at Airline Industr! in Iran
Sade() $ast*acult! of +ana(eent and ,uan $esource &evelopent
-niversiti e/nolo(i +ala!sia1300 Jo)or +ala!sia.
Aade) ourani
*acult! of +ana(eent and ,uan $esource &evelopent-niversiti e/nolo(i +ala!sia
1300 Jo)or +ala!sia.A#stract
)is purpose of t)is stud! is to deterine level of eplo!ees" o# satisfaction and to investi(ate
effect of (enderon eplo!ees" o# satisfaction. Iportant factors t)at )ave an ipact on o# satisfaction are
supervision
relations)ip 4it) co54or/ers present pa! nature of 4or/ and opportunities for prootion. &ata fort)is stud!
4as collected fro eplo!ees of t)ree private airline copanies in Iran. &escriptive anal!sisperfored to
deterine level of eplo!ees" o# satisfaction. In addition independent5saple t5test 4as utilied toepiricall!
test relations)ip #et4een eplo!ees" o# satisfaction and t)eir (ender. *indin(s su((est t)at
eplo!ees areoderatel! satisfied 4it) t)eir o# and t)ere is no si(nificant difference #et4een ale and feale
eplo!ees" o#satisfaction.
6e!4ords' Eplo!ees Jo# Satisfaction %ender Airline Iran1. Introductionr(aniations stron(l! desire o# satisfaction fro t)eir eplo!ees 8s)a(#ei 20039. &ue to
iportant role of)uan resource on or(aniation perforance t)e! tr! to /eep eplo!ees satisfied. Satisfied
eplo!ees 4ould
produce superior perforance in optial tie 4)ic) leads to increase profits. :)en eplo!ees aresatisfied 4it)
t)eir 4or/ 4ould #e ore creative and innovative and offer advances t)at allo4 copan! to evolvepositivel!
over tie 4it) c)an(es in ar/et conditions. n t)e ot)er )and a lac/ of o# satisfaction results ina lo4 level ofeplo!ee coitent t)at in turn affect perforance and t)e ac)ieveent of or(aniational
(oals. *arrell andSta 819 dra4 t)e conclusion t)at )i() eplo!ee satisfaction 4ill reduce t)e )appenin( of t)e
a#senteeis
accident and eplo!ee stress iprove eplo!ee satisfaction 4it) life and t)us increaseproductivit! and profits.
Eplo!ees o# satisfaction in or(aniations and institutions )as (iven close attention #!researc)ers since id5
20t) centur! after t)e eer(ence of +aslo4 s t)eor! of Need ,ierarc)! in 1)iani/ire et al. 2007; :illias 19.
In copetitive and unpredicta#le p)enoena or(aniations tr! to /eep and en)ance t)eir place.
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ps!c)olo(ical factors are
t)e ain causes of o# satisfaction and productivit! in eplo!ees 8$o##ins 20029.Based on coparison aon( revie4 of literature in o# satisfaction an! researc)ers define o#
satisfaction. Jo#
Satisfaction is Dan affective and eotional response to various facets of one s o# 86reitner and6inic/i 200ontent t)eor! o# satisfaction is (ained 4)en an eplo!ee feels t)at )is o# (ives )it)e sense of
(ro4t) and self5actualiation. )e discussion of t)ese t4o factors directl! lin/s to +aslo4 s)ierarc)! of needs.
>ontent t)eories assue t)at all eplo!ees in t)e or(aniation )ave t)e sae set of needs and
t)erefore predictt)e c)aracteristics t)at s)ould #e present in t)e o#. )ese t)eories ep)asie on t)e factors and
needs t)atencoura(e and inspire t)e #e)avior as 4ell as perforance 8Nel et al. 200
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needs. )ese
t)eories focus on eplo!ees diverse needs and t)e co(nitive process #e)ind t)ese diversities. Int)ese t)eories
sources and causes of eplo!ees #e)aviors as 4ell as t)e otives t)at affect t)e intensit! anddirection of t)ose#e)aviors are (iven attention. A suar! of t)eoretical frae4or/s and relevant t)eories )as #een
s)o4n ina#le 1.
2International Journal of Business and Social Science
Vol. 3 No. 7; April 2012a#le 1' Suar! of )eoretical *rae4or/s and $elevant )eories
>ate(or!>ontent
Crocess
)eor!Need ,ierarc)! )eor!
4o5 *actor )eor!
Ac)ieveent )eor! and H )eor!
E?istence $elatedness and %ro4t)E?pectanc! )eor!
E@uit! )eor!%oal Settin( )eor!
Aut)ors
+aslo4 81lelland 81F9+c%re(or 8109
Alderfer 819
Vroos 81
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refer to t)e
4or/ itself as Dt)e e?tent to 4)ic) t)e o# provides t)e individual 4it) stiulatin( tas/sopportunities for
learnin( and personal (ro4t) and t)e c)ance to #e responsi#le and accounta#le for results.
S)ara and B)as/ar 8119 assue t)at ost si(nificant influence over o# satisfaction ofeplo!ees appears
fro t)e nature of t)e 4or/ (iven to t)e. In addition t)e! assert o# satisfaction can #e ac)ieved#! eplo!ees
if t)e o# re@uires sufficient variet! discretion c)allen(e and scope for usin( an individual s o4ns/ills anda#ilities. )e stud! t)at 4as done on Indian ana(ers #! 6)ale@ue and >)oud)ar! 81
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3 >entre for Crootin( Ideas -SA
444.i#ssnet.co)is can #e interpreted as t)e opportunities for pro(ression and developent in t)eir present
4or/place or
providin( #etter c)ances to loo/ out for alternative eplo!ent. It is assued t)at t)e level of o#satisfaction
4ill (o do4n if people t)in/ t)at t)e! )ave less career advanceent opportunities. +c>oric/82009 entioned
t)at o# satisfaction aon( eplo!ees 4it) prootional opportunities 4ill rel! on t)e prootions
e@uit!.
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t)at a positive relations)ip aon( co54or/ers iproves t)e rate of o# satisfaction. )eir researc)
s)o4s t)atfriends)ip net4or/ aon( co4or/ers influence t)e outcoes of 4or/place. It increases o#
satisfaction o#
involveent and or(aniational coitent 4)ile reduces t)e intention to turnover.F. Effect of (ender on o# satisfaction
As one of t)e ost iportant deo(rap)ic factors t)e relations)ip #et4een (ender and o#satisfaction )as #een
e?ained fre@uentl!. ,o4ever t)e results )ave #een contradictor!. Several researc) indicate t)at
eplo!ees(ender )ave effect on o# satisfaction. $esult of t)ose studies su((est t)at eit)er 4oen are ore
satisfied 4it)t)eir o#s t)an en 8Sloane and :illias 1; >lar/ 17; 6i 200F9 or en to #e ore
satisfied 4it) t)eir
o#s t)an 4oen 8S)apiro and Stern 17F; :eaver 17onversel! ot)er studies )ave s)o4n t)at t)ere is no si(nificant relations)ip #et4een eplo!ees(ender and o#
satisfaction 8Bar#as) 17; & Arc! et al. 1
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8#9 Eplo!ee s satisfaction facets' i.e. opportunities for prootion nature of 4or/ present pa!andrelation 4it) co54or/ers.
o ensure t)at t)e @uestionnaire is coplete clear and relia#le pilot stud! 4it) 20 eplo!ees 4as
perfored.)e >ron#ac) s alp)a 4as calculated #! Statistical Cac/a(e for Social Science 8SCSS9 version 1.0
soft4are. )eresult s)o4s t)e @uestions 4as relia#le 8alp)aL 0.79. Accordin( to Saunders et al. 82009 an alp)a
value #et4een
0.F and 0.F is considered as satisfactor!. a#le 2 s)o4s t)e >ron#ac) s alp)a value for@uestionnaire.
a#le 2' >ron#ac)"s alp)a $elia#ilit! Value of uestionnaireJo# Satisfaction
Nature of :or/
Cresent Ca!Supervision
pportunities for Crootion
>o5:or/erotal
$elia#ilit!0.2
0.7F0.7ooperation and &evelopent.
Berta &. 8200F9. Cut on a )app! face' ,i() orale can lift productivit!. Nation"s $estaurant Ne4s38209 510.
Brainard J. 8200F9. Costdoctoral researc)ers value structured trainin( over pa! surve! sa!s.
>)ronicle of ,i()erEducation April F18329 2152.
Bre4er A. +. O ,ens)er &. A. 819. )e Iportance of r(aniational >oitent in+ana(in( >)an(e'
E?perience of t)e NS: Crivate Bus Industr!. ransportation $esearc) Cart E' =o(istics andransportation$evie4 3)iani/ire C. +utand4a E. %adira!i >. +uondo N. O +utand4a B. 820079. *actors
affectin( o#satisfaction aon( acadeic professionals in tertiar! institutions in Pi#a#4e. African Journal of
Business +ana(eent 189 1517F.>lar/ A. E. 8179. Jo# satisfaction and (ender' 4)! are 4oen so )app! at 4or/Q =a#our
econoics
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&ono)ue S. +. O ,e!4ood J. S. 8200. O =o(sdon 6. 820029. &eterinants of o# satisfaction of unicipal (overnent
eplo!ees.Cu#lic Cersonnel +ana(eent 31839 3. =. 819. +eta5anal!sis of t)e correlates of eplo!ee a#sence. ,uan
$elationsit!',arper>ollins
>olle(e Cu#lis)ers.6)ale@ue A. O >)oud)ur! N. 81opan!.
=oc/e E. A. 819. o4ard a t)eor! of tas/ otivation and incentives. r(aniational #e)aviorand )uan perforance
3829 1F751.
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=ut)ans *. 82009. r(aniational Be)avior. 811 t) ed.9. Ir4in' +c%ra45,ill.
+c>oric/ E. J. 82009. Industrial and r(anisational Cs!c)olo(!. Crentice5,all. >entre for Crootin( Ideas -SA
444.i#ssnet.co
+ar/ie4ic &. &evine I. O 6ausilas &. 820009. *riends)ips of 4oen and en at 4or/' Jo#satisfaction and
resource iplications. Journal of +ana(erial Cs!c)olo(! 1F829 1151anadianJournal of
Be)avioural ScienceM$evue canadienne des sciences du coporteent 13819 ounselin(Bulletin aiseta 8I ,ave t)e S)irt n9T'
AnE?ploration f Jo# Satisfaction and >oitent Aon( :or/ers In +e?ico. Journal of
=eaders)ip O
r(aniational Studies 10829 735.$alston &.A. ,olt &.,. erpstra $.,. and Hu 6.>. 8179 G)e Ipact of National >ulture
andEconoic Ideolo(! on +ana(erial :or/ Values' A Stud! of t)e -nited States $ussia Japan
and >)ina Journal of International Business Studies 2 177207.
$iordan >. +. O %riffet) $. :. 81F9. )e opportunit! for friends)ip in t)e 4or/place' Anundere?plored
construct. Journal of #usiness and ps!c)olo(! 10829 1onfidence. SCSS Inc.$un!on $.C. ,a#er A. Citten(er &.J. >olean 6.A. 819. *undaentals of Be)avioral
Statistics 8t) ed.9.
+c%ra45,ill Ne4 Hor/ NH.Saunders +. =e4is C. and )orn)ill A. 82009. $esearc) +et)ods for Business Students. 8F t)
ed.9. ,arlo4'
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*inancial ies Crentice ,all.
Sclafane S. 819. +%A +ana(ers in S!nc 4it) Eplo!ees on Jo# Satisfaction Issues Surve!*inds. National
-nder4riter. 1038229
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Gender differences and job satisfaction: a study of universityteachers in the United States
&ocuent Inforation'
Title: %ender differences and o# satisfaction' a stud! of universit! teac)ers in t)e -nitedStates
Author(s): Jo)n . /para 8&epartent of Business Adinistration Briarcliffe >olle(e Ne4
Hor/ -SA9 +ic)ael S@uillace 8&epartent of Business Adinistration Briarcliffe>olle(e Ne4 Hor/ -SA9Eanuel A. Erondu 8>it! -niversit! of Ne4 Hor/
+ed(ar Evers >olle(e Sc)ool of Business Ne4 Hor/ -SA9
Citation: Jo)n . /para +ic)ael S@uillace Eanuel A. Erondu 8200F9 T%ender differencesand o# satisfaction' a stud! of universit! teac)ers in t)e -nited StatesT :oen In
+ana(eent $evie4 Vol. 20 Iss' 3 pp.177 5 10Keywords: A#senteeisAcadeic staff%enderJo# satisfaction $ecruitent$etention
Articletype:
$esearc) paper
: 10.110M0
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of feale facult!. It also offers su((estions to )o4 to aintain ore #alanced (endere@uit! in )i()er education.
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