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JISC Collections Negotiating with who and for what? Challenges for negotiators as business models collide Paul Harwood JISC Collections 26 th September 2012 Bibliotheca academica 2012
JISC Collections
Negotiating with who and for what? Challenges for negotiators as business models collide
Paul Harwood
JISC Collections
26th September 2012
Bibliotheca academica 2012
JISC Collections
JISC Collections
17 staff
Offices in London and Oxford
Responsible for delivering the NESLi2 e-journals service and central negotiations for many other online resources
Over 200 separate agreements covering content of all kinds
NESLi2 SMP for smaller and medium-sized publishers
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NESLi2: Evolution
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NESLi2 today
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NESLi2: Librarians like
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NESLi2: criticisms
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And when we are not negotiating......
Journal Usage Statistics Project (http://www.jusp.mimas.ac.uk/about.html)
Electronic Licence Comparison and Analysis Tool
E-book studies and reports for HE and licensing for FE
Post-termination access and archiving initiatives (UK LOCKSS alliance, PECAN etc)
Open Access studies in the area of e-books (OAPEN UK) and administration of Gold OA for journals
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JISC Collections
In the age of print, we didn’t negotiate..or did we?
Blackwell, Faxon, Bailey’s, Collets, Dawson, Bumpus......... All gone....
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A $5-$6 billion industry
Around 23,000 peer-reviewed scholarly journals
Around 1.4m articles published each year
Between 3-10% published under Gold OA
Over 97% of science, technology and medicine journals are now available online, and over 90% for humanities and social sciences
To be able to negotiate effectively you need to understand what drives the other side
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The scholarly publishing landscape
The strategy of the big commercial players
Learned Societies and online publishing
Pricing and business models
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The strategy of the big players
Work out what to do about OA
Further consolidation? Unlikely although rumours re-surface now and again about Elsevier and Wolters Kluwer and Springer and T&F
By-pass the library and consortia and work with senior management at universities
Further segmentation of the marketplace/re-structuring of the sales force: concentrate on the main research institutions
Maintain market share at all costs
Reduce costs
Grow the portfolio of titles
Drive usage
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Learned Societies and online publishing
Societies have become quite promiscuous
Looking for publisher partners who can offer them visibility and growth
Their decisions can cause significant disruption to access for libraries and users
They have justifiable concerns about the impact of OA on their income
Publishing is a very important part of their income stream
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Learned Societies sources of revenue
Q: Provide a rough breakdown of revenue by category as a percentage (26 responses)
%
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Business and pricing models: all publishers
Retain the status quo for as long as possible
No attempts so far by the big players to move to a usage model in the academic sector (although ACS value-based and AAAS Usage-based)
Multi-year agreements with price caps offer shareholders comfort and reduce overheads
Attempts to integrate e-book and e-journal package pricing
Elsevier and Springer’s ‘licence everything we publish’ model
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E-journal pricing in the age of the Big Deal: Isn’t it complicated?
Subscribed content
€50k
E-access fee
€5k
Level of expenditure must be maintained
Fee gives online access to subscribed content
Cross access or
unsubscribed access
fee
€7kFee gives online access to ‘unsubscribed’ titles
Price cap3%
Agreed cap on price increase in multi-year deal
Discount for moving to
online-only?
Does VATApply?
Total price for 2007: €62k (excl VAT)2008: €67,580
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JISC Collections
“Do I know the difference between my e-access fee and my content fee?”
“What are my post-termination access rights for unsubscribed titles?”
Losing too much sleep over complex Big Deal pricing arrangements?
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Negotiations based on usage
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Negotiations based on usage
COUNTER provided a series of standard reporting formats that enable librarians and publishers to review credible and consistent usage data
Some publishers attracted by the model based on other industries, but is it appropriate for scholarly journals?
When will usage start to plateau?
How much time should we spend analysing usage?
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Usage data: what can you do with it?
Cost per download (subscribed titles)
Cost per download (unsubscribed titles)
Benchmark with other publishers
Zero and low use titles
High use titles
Proportion of titles that make up 75%, 90% of usage
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The Bucknell critique of analysing usage data
Publisher platform design affects usage
The extent of content is not the same
All subjects are not the same
All content types are not the same
Usage spikes
Transfers between publishers and between platforms
Title changes Group titles
Hybrid journals
Aggregator platforms
Is the correct cost being used?
Statistical fluctuations
“A balance needs to be struck between usage analyses being rigorous but time consuming and being pragmatic but good enough”
(Taken from ‘Garbage In, Gospel Out’ published in The Serials Librarian, 63: 192-212, 2012)
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Value-based pricing: more refined and reasonable?
Using a basket of measures to determine the value of a journal and hence pricing:
– Impact Factor
– Usage data
– Number of articles published
– Size or nature of institution
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The ACS and value based pricing
International Academic Market
Primary Metric:
– World Bank Index (High, Upper
Middle, Lower Middle, Low)
Secondary Metrics:
– Full-time enrollment
– Usage bands (COUNTER compliant
full-text downloads)
Consortia Discounts
– All titles – 60% Discount
First released in 2008
– 3-5 Year Migration plans offered to
assist in managed transition 25
InternationalTiers
A B
1
2
3
4
5
6
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The ACS and value based pricing: Proving hard to convince librarians…
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The present and the future: negotiating gold oa fees?
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Gold Open Access – the many flavours
Full OA - ‘Author’ fees for all articles
Hybrid - Journal is a combination of both OA and subscription articles (Oxford
Open, Open Choice, Online Open)
Institutional membership. Eg OUP’s Nucleic Acids Research: subscription gives
reduced author fees
‘National’ agreements – eg BioMed Central
Back volumes all freely accessible after 6, 12 months (Washington Principles)
Others currently being devised?
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Who will be negotiating with whom, and for what?
“Get ready, get set, negotiate”
Funders?
Authors?
Librarians?
Consortium Bodies?
Universities?
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It would be good to know......
How long a transition from subscription licensing to Gold OA will take?
Whether Gold OA will gain a foothold and become the dominant model?
How Green OA will develop?
How investors see the future of commercial publishers in this environment?
How society publishers adapt?
Whether the role of the library in the scholarly publishing chain will increase or decrease?
