JOHNSON GRASS CONTROL IN MARSH RESTORATION PROJECTS

KELLI GLADDING

SEPRO CORPORATION

KELLIG@SEPRO.COM

CELL: 386-409-1175

TROUBLESOME AQUATIC INVASIVE GRASSES IN FL

• TORPEDOGRASS

• PARAGRASS

• WEST INDIAN MARSH GRASS

• TROPICAL AMERICAN WATER GRASS

• LIMPOGRASS

Glyphosate

Imazapyr

INVASIVE GRASS CONTROL HAS LARGELY BEEN DONE WITH TWO ACTIVE INGREDIENTS

GLYPHOSATE

• 2-4 QT/A

• 1-5% V/V

• NONSELECTIVE

• NO SOIL RESIDUAL

• RESISTANCE IN AGRICULTURE WIDESPREAD

IMAZAPYR

• 16 OZ – 2 QT/A

• 0.5-2% V/V

• NONSELECTIVE

• LENGTHY SOIL RESIDUAL

• RESISTANCE TO ALS HERBICIDES

WIDESPREAD

But these don’t always kill them all!

The lack of selectivity still plagues grass control

ACCASE INHIBITORS 1(A) (GRAMINICIDES)

• SETHOXYDIM

• POAST, VANTAGE, TIGR

• CLETHODIM

• SELECT, ARROW

• FLUAZIFOP

• FUSILADE

• DICLOPFOP

• HOELON

• QUIZALOFOP

• ASSURE2

• FENOXAPROP

• FUSION

• HALOXYFOP

• VERDICT

“DIMS”“FOPS”

“DENS”

Aryloxyphenoxypropionates cyclohexanediones

phenylpyrazolins

• Pinoxaden

– Axial

ACCASE INHIBITORSYMPTOMS

• STOP LIPID (FATTY ACID) BIOSYNTHESIS BY

BINDING AN ENZYME CALLED ACETYL-

COENZYME A CARBOXYLASE (ACCASE)

• NO NEW LIPIDS= NO CELL MEMBRANES

• Sethoxydim

• Clethodim

• Fluazifop-p-butyl

• Glyphosate

• Imazapyr

Herbicides tested in mesocosm studies for

emergent selectivity

SOME NOTES ON GRAMINICIDES

• SHORT HALF LIFE IN SOIL

• DEGRADE IN WATER BY PHOTOLYSIS

• DICOTS AND SOME GRASSES HAVE INSENSITIVE ACCASE

• RESISTANCE HAS BEEN CONFIRMED IN SEVERAL GRASSES WORLDWIDE

FOR EXPERIMENTAL USE ONLY

For use only at an application site of a cooperator and in accordance with the terms and

conditions of the Experimental Use Permit.

Not for use by any person other than a participant or cooperator of the Florida-approved

Experimental Use Program FOR DISTRIBUTION AND USE ONLY WITHIN FLORIDA UNDER EUP

No. FL15-EUP-01 TIGR HERBICIDE

For evaluation as a foliar-applied herbicide for the selective control of invasive grasses such

as torpedograss, West Indian marsh grass, para grass, and Tropical American water grass, in

ponds, lakes, swamps, riparian areas, wetlands, marshes, reservoirs, and other areas

adjacent to aquatic sites.

Active Ingredient: sethoxydim: 2-[1-(ethoxyimino)butyl]-5-[2-(ethylthio)propyl]-3-hydroxy-2-

cyclohexen-1-one* ..................................................................................................... 18.0% Other

Ingredients .................................................................................................... 82.0% TOTAL

.................................................................................................................... 100.0% *Equivalent to 1.5

pounds of sethoxydim per gallon formulated as an emulsifiable concentrate. Contains

petroleum distillate

TIGR Herbicide:

2015 Experimental Use Permit- FL15-EUP-01

OBJECTIVE

• EVALUATE AND COMPARE EFFICACY OF TIGR

(A.I.- SETHOXYDIM) AND CLEARCAST

(IMAZAMOX):

1. TO CONTROL JOHNSON GRASS

2. CONSERVE SPARTINA

JOHNSON GRASS: NON-NATIVESORGHUM HALPENSE

Photos- courtesy of USF, Plant Atlas

LAKE APOPKA NORTH SHORE- MARSH RESTORATION

1- Acre Blocks:

• TIGR- 2.5% Solution w/ 2nd application 4 wks

• Clearcast- 1% Solution

DAY OF APPLICATION

• NOVEMBER 7, 2016

• TREATED VIA MARSH MASTER BY SHAWN MOORE WITH

ST. JOHNS RIVER WATER MANAGEMENT DISTRICT

• SPECIAL LICENSE FOR APPLYING PESTICIDES AS

RESEARCH

• TIGR- EXPERIMENTAL USE PERMIT

TIGR- EUPFDACS INSPECTOR- SAM

DECEMBER 7, 2016: 30 DATTIGR- JOHNSONGRASS MOSTLY CONTROLLED THROUGHOUT TREATMENT AREA

SPARTINA AND OTHER NATIVES STILL GREEN AND HEALTHY

UNTREATED VERSUS TREATED

DECEMBER 7, 2016: 30 DATTIGR- NON-TARGET PLANT IMPACTS

Not effective on Cogon grass

JANUARY 2017- ~ 60 DATTIGR- JOHNSONGRASS CONTROLLED THROUGHOUT TREATMENT AREA

JANUARY 2017, ~60 DATTIGR- Spartina, green but some stress, dry ground

JANUARY 2017- ~ 60 DATTIGR- SELECTIVE CONTROL AROUND MYRTLES, LUDWIGIA, SEDGES.

ANDROPOGONS IN THE AREA WERE BROWN DUE TO TIME OF YEAR

MAY 25, 2017

• TIGR PLOT ON THE LEFT WITH

CONTROL OF THE JOHNSON

GRASS.

• RAG WEED WAS ABSENT FROM

THE SITE (?)

• ELEVATION, DRY WINTER?

• CLEARCAST ON THE RIGHT

JUNE, 2017: TIGR PLOTS

JUNE, 2017: CLEARCAST

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

• UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA- DR. STEPHEN ENLOE

• ST. JOHNS RIVER WATER MANAGEMENT DISTRICT

• SHAWN MOORE

• DEB STONE

• UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH FLORIDA- PLANT ATLAS

THANK YOU!

KELLI GLADDING

SEPRO CORPORATION

KELLIG@SEPRO.COM

CELL: 386-409-1175