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Journal Publishing for Editors Attaining excellence in scholarly publishing Presented by: Amy Shapiro, Publisher, Elsevier San Diego, USA Location: Mexico Date: September 2012
Journal Publishing for Editors
Attaining excellence in scholarly publishing
Presented by: Amy Shapiro, Publisher, Elsevier San Diego, USA Location: Mexico Date: September 2012
Agenda
Ø Introduction to Scholarly Publishing
Ø Scholarly Publishing in Mexico Ø Improving the Quality of Scientific Journals
Ø Bibliometrics
Ø What do publishers do?
Ø How do publisher contributions help to improve the science and health communities?
Ø Universal Access
Ø Content Innovation
3
Introduction to Scholarly Publishing
Scientific, technical and medical communities around the world are united through STM publishing
4
2,000 STM Publishers
20,000 Peer-‐Reviewed Journals
1.4 million Peer-‐Reviewed Ar?cles
Scholarly Publishing Today
Publishers support the greater scientific and health communities
5
Elsevier’s Global Publishing Network
7,000 editors 70,000 editorial board members
300,000+ referees 600,000+ authors
Researchers
Health Practitioners
Faculty & Students
Pharma Companies
Librarians
Societies
Engineers
Professionals
Who We Serve
6
Solicit and manage submissions
Manage peer review
Produc;on
Publish and disseminate
Edit and prepare
Archive and promote
1,000 new editors per year 18 new journals per year 800,000+ ar;cle submissions per year
300,000 referees 1.6 million referee reports per year
7,000 editors 70,000 editorial board members
6.5 million author/publisher communica;ons per year
220,000+ new ar;cles produced per year 180 years of back issues scanned, processed and data-‐tagged
10 million researchers
4,500+ ins;tu;ons 180+ countries 480 million+ downloads per year
2.5 million print pages per year
9 million ar;cles now available
Organise editorial boards Launch new specialist journals
40%-‐90% of ar;cles rejected
Journal Publishing Cycle
7
AND
Electronic Journal Platforms like Elsevier’s ScienceDirect improve online dissemination
and access
Traditional Print Journals
Methods of Publication Dissemination
• Abstract & Index Databases • Scientific Search Engines • Patient Use • Point of Care Decision Making
8
Users can identify if they are a patient in need of medical information after searching for an
article
Promoting Research Information Use
Universal Access 1. Universal Access
Ø We exist to disseminate informa;on Ø We will iden;fy where remaining gaps exist and find viable mechanisms to close them Ø We will use a combina;on of different models to enable this access Ø We believe subscrip;on and open access publishing can co-‐exist
2. Quality Ø Peer review provides essen;al quality controls and we remain commiVed to enabling it Ø We will invest to innovate in technologies that increase researchers’ produc;vity
3. Sustainability Ø Journal publishers invest heavily to deliver a well-‐func;oning communica;ons system upon
which society depends Ø Access and dissemina;on mechanisms must ensure that these investments can be recovered. Ø System must also be sustainable for those who fund it therefore we aim to increase efficiency
and value-‐for-‐money
We support all mechanisms to achieve sustainable universal access to quality content
Where Are We Now?
We Are Working on Closing the Gap
SMEs n=134
Large corporate n=74
All non-corporate n=765
University/College n=458
Percentage ra?ng access to original research ar?cles in journals ‘very easy’ or ‘fairly easy’
Different scien?fic communi?es have different requirements. We’re experimen?ng in all areas of Universal Access to see what offers sustainable op?ons while maintaining the quality provided by peer review.
Open Access • Open Access Journals • Free Access to Journal Archive • Manuscript Pos;ng • Sponsored access (Hybrid model)
Free-‐at-‐the-‐point-‐of-‐use • Promo;onal Access • Produc;on & Hos;ng journals • Controlled Circula;on • Society funded • Conference sponsored material (incl. Procedia) • Supplements
Informa?on Philanthropy • Pa;ent Inform • Research 4 Life
Transac?ons • Pay Per View • Corporate Access • Applica;on Marketplace
Subscrip?ons • Freedom Collec;ons • Subject Collec;ons • Walk-‐in Policy
Lending & Rental Op?ons • Deep Dyve • ILL • Document Delivery
Universal Access
Global Expansion of Scientific Research
United States
China
United Kingdom Germany
Japan
France
India
Republic of Korea
Brazil Taiwan Turkey
Iran
Malaysia
Romania
Thailand Egypt
Pakistan
Saudi Arabia
-‐5%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500
Compu
nd ann
ual growth ra
te in ar?cles 2006-‐10
Ar?cles 2010 (thousands)
Mexico
Preservation & Archiving 2nd official archive
2-year Pilot Study
Publishers establish 3rd-party archives:
Elsevier with the National Library of the Netherlands
In addition to traditional print archives, publishers are partnering to create multiple distributed electronic archives for posterity
Publishers are developing similar arrangements with
other organizations
1st official archive
Digital Content
Ø Increase in types of research output: articles, data, code, video, audio, etc.
Ø Readers’ habits for digesting information are evolving Ø New technologies to exchange information
From “print science” to “electronic science”
From Print to Online Publication
Ø Large scale increase (from a few to 23,000+ journals) Ø Electronic delivery is quicker and more efficient Ø Better discoverability, easier access (~600M hits on SD in
2010) Ø Experiments with increased navigation (hyperlinks in PDF)
and richer content (video)
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
500M
Article of the Future: Mission To enhance the online article so that it allows researchers to optimally communicate scientific research in all (digital) dimensions: Ø Support authors by giving them the best possible place to
disseminate their results and express their research
Ø Increase value to readers by providing an environment that offers an optimal reading experience and makes it possible to build deep insights fast
Ar?cle of the Future: Approach and Timeline
Approach: Ø Involved researchers through interviews, workshops, forums,
surveys, etc. Over 800 people provided feedback Ø Focused on domain-specific enhancements - one size does not
fit all! Ø The Article of the Future is a framework rather than a solution –
we want continuous enhancement by specific applications, database links, and other features
Timeline: Ø 2009: started with Cell Press Ø 2010/2011: expanded to other fields, 13 prototypes on
www.articleofthefuture.com Ø Jan 2012: first phase of ScienceDirect roll-out (left and middle panes)
Affects all online HTML articles (1996+) retroactively Ø Mid 2012: second phase (right pane) Ø Ongoing: further domain-specific innovations
Article of the Future: Presentation, Content, and Context
Three components of the Ar;cle of the Future concept: Ø Presenta;on: Offering an op;mal online browsing and reading experience Ø Content: Support authors to share a wider range of research output – data,
computer code, mul;media files, etc. Ø Context: Connec;ng the online ar;cle to trustworthy scien;fic resources to
present valuable addi;onal informa;on in the context of the ar;cle
Improving the Online Experience
PDF-‐Like text
Task based browsing
Links to external sources
Easy Naviga;on
SciVerse Applications Improve and customize the functionality of your ScienceDirect and Scopus accounts
Visit www.applications.sciverse.com to browse the list of available applications
Recent Updates Special issue informa?on displayed in right pane Ø Title of the special issue Ø Lis;ng of special issue editors, and Ø Titles of the first five other ar;cles in the special issue, including their author
name(s), with an op;on to view more informa;on about each ar;cle Figures can now be downloaded to PowerPoint slides Ø Func;onality has now been introduced which enables the downloading of figures,
including the reference details of the ar;cle, to PowerPoint slides. CrossMark widget introduced as of September Ø Papers will include a CrossMark widget on ScienceDirect to indicate to librarians
and researchers that the content they bought or are reading is maintained by Elsevier and can therefore be trusted to be up to date. Readers can simply click on the CrossMark widget on a PDF or in HTML documents, and a status box will tell them if the document is current or if an update is available.
Questions?
Ø Article output
Ø Citations
Ø Regional rankings
Scholarly Publishing in Mexico
Scholarly Publishing in Mexico Articles published in Mexico
Source: Scopus
year
Article Citations in Mexico
Source: Scimago SJR, powered by Scopus
Non-‐self Cites: 77,95%
Publication Figures in Mexico Publisher Data within Country
Publisher Articles Article Share Citations Influence Average Citations Field Weighted Impact
ELSEVIER 4567 22.36 % 10686 33.47 % 2.34 1.13
Springer 2477 12.12 % 2701 8.46 % 1.09 0.66
Wiley-Blackwell 1727 8.45 % 3787 11.86 % 2.19 1.01
American Institute of Physics 649 3.18 % 522 1.64 % 0.80 0.80
Taylor & Francis 633 3.10 % 562 1.76 % 0.89 0.50
IEEE 514 2.52 % 454 1.42 % 0.88 1.08
American Physical Society 463 2.27 % 456 1.43 % 0.98 0.67
American Chemical Society 394 1.93 % 1207 3.78 % 3.06 1.43
Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico 359 1.76 % 162 0.51 % 0.45 0.25
Institute of Physics Publishing 356 1.74 % 339 1.06 % 0.95 0.57
Source: Scopus
Publication spread over discipline (Mexico)
Regional Publication Growth Comparison
Source: Scimago SJR, powered by Scopus
Citations per Article Comparison
Source: Scimago SJR, powered by Scopus
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Indications of correlation between use of e-content and research output
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Questions?�
Improving the Quality of Scientific Journals
How do Authors Choose a Journal?
Impact Factor
Reputation
Editorial Standard
Publication speed
Access to Audience
International Coverage
Self Evaluation
A&I Coverage
Society Link
Track Record
Quality/Colour Illustrations
Service Elements, e.g. author instructions, quality of proofs, reprints, etc
Experience as Referee
A
B
C
?
?
?
?
Marginal Factors:
Which Journal?
Key Factors:
Which Category? Journal Hierarchy
J J
J J
J J
J J
J
J J
What matters most to Authors?
Data from 36,188 Authors; 0= unimportant 10= very important
2=
1
6
5
7
8
4
2=
QUALITY & SPEED
Role of the Journal Editor Ø Public face of the journal
Ø Sets editorial policies with consultation from publisher and editorial board
Ø Final decision on papers (type and standards)
Ø Manages the peer review process
The Refereeing Process Ø Independent refereeing of submitted manuscripts is critical to the scientific
publishing process in validating the quality of a piece of work.
Ø Referees provide • an objective assessment of a submission, and recommend whether a piece
of work advances the field sufficiently to warrant publication
Ø Referees • Consider relevance and novelty of the research • Check whether the relevant work is cited and discussed as appropriate • Check that the methodology is appropriate and properly described • Evaluate if the conclusions are supported by the results reported • Evaluate the statistical analyses • Ensure that the paper is unambiguous and comprehensible even if the
English is not perfect
The Referee recommends, the Editor decides
Role of the Publisher Ø Brand management
Ø Acquisition of content
Ø Monitor research trends
Ø Monitor editorial office efficiency and efficacy Ø Business management
Ø Production and online hosting
Ø Sales and marketing
Advantages of an A&I database
Coverage in Scopus Minimum criteria for coverage: Ø The ;tle should have peer reviewed content
Ø The ;tle should be published on a regular basis (have a ISSN number that has been registered with the Interna;onal ISSN Centre)
Ø The content should be relevant and readable for an interna;onal audience (for example have English language abstracts and references in Roman script)
Ø The ;tle should have a publica;on ethics and publica;on malprac;ce statement
Influencing the Impact Metrics
Ø Attract the best authors
Ø Find the best referees
Ø Have an efficient review process with short turnaround times
Ø Commission invited/review articles
Ø Claim “hot” areas in your discipline that are not currently “owned” by other journals by publishing a thematic issue on it
Influencing the impact metrics DO Ø Publish fewer papers Ø Publish more (invited) reviews Ø Publish more special/topical issues (invited authors) Ø Publish Invited works and special/topical issues
earlier in year (longer citation window) DON’T Ø Require citations to your journal Ø Write editorials about your journal’s articles
just to cite them
Scopus Journal Analyzer
Top-cited Papers
Are there certain topics that seem to get cited a lot?
Non-cited papers
Can you distinguish any trends in the articles that do not get cited?
Ø Impact Factor
Ø SJR and SNIP
Ø H-Index
Bibliometrics Primer
Impact Factor [Citations in a given year to articles published in the
previous 2 years] Ø For example, the 2011 impact factor for a journal would be calculated as
follows: • A = the number of times articles published in 2009 and 2010 were cited
in indexed journals during 2011 • B = the number of "citable items" (usually articles, reviews, proceedings
or notes; not editorials and letters-to-the-Editor) published in 2009 and 2010
• 2011 impact factor = A/B
• e.g. 600 citations = 2 150 + 150 articles
The Impact Factor (IF) �
IF Pros and Cons
Scimago Journal Ranking (SJR)
SJR Pros and Cons PROS Ø Differen;ates between pres;ge of cita;ons Ø Free (via Scopus) to subscribers and non –subscribers
Ø Only peer reviewed ar;cles count as cited or ci;ng (transparent sources)
CONS Ø More difficult to explain/understand than IF Ø Does not allow comparisons between disciplines Ø Does not differen;ate “nega;ve” cita;ons
SNIP
SNIP Pros and Cons PROS Ø Does not disadvantage smaller or slower-moving
fields Ø Free (via Scopus) to subscribers and non –
subscribers Ø Only peer reviewed articles count as cited or citing
(transparent sources) CONS Ø More difficult to explain/understand than IF Ø Does not differentiate between prestige of citations Ø Does not differentiate “negative” citations
Comparing the ranking of top journals
What is the h Index? Ø Measure proposed in 2005 by the physicist Jorge E. Hirsch.
Ø Rates a scien;st’s performance based on their career publica;ons, as measured by the life;me number of cita;ons each ar;cle receives.
Ø Depends on both quan;ty (number of publica;ons) and quality (number of cita;ons) of a scien;st’s publica;ons.
Ø If you list all a scien;st’s publica;ons in descending order of the number of cita;ons received to date, their h-‐index is the highest number of their papers, h, that have each received at least h cita;ons. So, their h-‐index is 10 if 10 papers have each received at least 10 cita;ons; their h-‐index is 81 if 81 papers have each received at least 81 cita;ons. Their h-‐index is 1 if all of their papers have each received 1 cita;on, but also if only 1 of all their papers has received any cita;ons – and so on..
h Index
h Index Pros and Cons PROS Ø Based on citations to author’s corpus, not journal Ø Credits quantity as well as quality of corpus Ø Free Ø Easy to understand and calculate
CONS Ø Can be biased against young researchers Ø Can be biased against lower volume authors Ø Does not differentiate negative citations Ø Does not differentiate or weight citing source Ø Does not address differences per field Ø Includes self citations
Questions?�
Thank you!
For further writing/submission tips and author services:
www.elsevier.com/authors
Please feel free to contact me with further questions and comments!
Amy Shapiro
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