Joint Operational Warfighting

JointOperating Concept

Agenda Introduction

The Environment

The Threat

The Paradigm

The Concept The Culture

The Cornerstones

Emergent Qualities

Summary and Conclusion

The Environment

Introduction

The Environment

Evolving conditions, challenges, and threats

The nature of war and warfighters has not chang-ed, but the conditions of war are always changing

Increasing appreciation of complexity of conflict

Increasing diversity of conditions & challenges: Growing trans-nationalism and extra-nationalism:

tribal/ethnic/sectarian conflicts, terrorism, et cetera.

Proliferation of advanced technologies and WMD

Increasing urbanization, globalization, networking

The Environment

Illuminated battlefield

Evolving challenges of sensor combat

Increased lethality of weapons: accuracy, speed, range, and engagement intensity

Paradox of “empty but crowded” battlespace

The Threat

Introduction

The Threat“…Uncertain enemy and unpredictable attacks…”

New Warrior Class: different rules…different values

Potential CBRNE weapons employment

Emergent “niche” technologies

Conventional threat remains:Professional militaries Force-on-force, attrition-based

Unconventional (4th Gen.) warfare threat increases:GuerillaAsymmetrical (avoidance of force-on-force)Population and time

The Paradigm

Introduction

The conditions of war and of the battlespace, and the forms of the adversaries, have changed...

Like creatures in nature, we must adapt to the new environment if we are to continue to dominate...

EvolvingThreat

EstablishedThreat

Current ParadigmProposed Paradigm

The Paradigm

A concept for how the

future joint, interagency,

and coalition force will

fight in the next decade.

Joint Operational Warfighting

Shaped by an appreciation of military theory, complexity science, and human and organizational productivity theory

Framed by a new warfighting culture

Employs new systemic approaches to the supporting concepts of the Unified Battlespace, Adaptive Command, and Distributed Operations

Designed to stimulate the emergent qualities of increased synergy, adaptability, and opportunism

Joint Operational Warfighting

Joint Operational Warfighting

ADAPTABILITYSYNERGY

OPPORTUNISM

Warfighting Warfighting CultureCulture

Distributed Operations

Unified Battlespace

Adaptive Command

Warfighting Culture

The Concept

Joint Operational Warfighting

ADAPTABILITYSYNERGY

OPPORTUNISM

Distributed Operations

Unified Battlespace

Adaptive Command

Warfighting Warfighting CultureCulture

Shared values and beliefs

that shape appreciation

of the battlespace and

facilitate adaptive command

and distributed operations.

Warfighting Culture

The term used to describe a proposed philosophy and paradigm of joint warfighting

Constantly evolving throughout history; is influenced by history, politics, economy, civil culture, et cetera.

Provides the animating force behind doctrine, organization, training, and all other aspects of warfighting

Warfighting Culture

MechanisticReductionistLinearContiguousMassedPatternedEffects-awareMethodicalMilitary-CentricConfrontationSynchronizedIndustrialHierarchicalCentralizedAnalytical

ComplexSystemicNon-linearNon-contiguousDistributedUnpredictableEffects-focusedOpportunisticAll elements of power DislocationSynergizedInformationNon-hierarchicalDecentralizedIntuitive

Traditional Proposed

Warfighting CultureA Shift in Bias Along a Sliding Scale:

MechanisticReductionistLinearContiguousMassedPatternedEffects-awareMethodicalMilitary-CentricConfrontationSynchronizedIndustrialHierarchicalCentralizedAnalytical

ComplexSystemicNon-linearNon-contiguousDistributedUnpredictableEffects-focusedOpportunisticAll elements of power DislocationSynergizedInformationNon-hierarchicalDecentralizedIntuitive

Traditional Proposed

Warfighting CultureA Shift in Bias Along a Sliding Scale:

The Cornerstonesof JOW

The Concept

Joint Operational Warfighting

ADAPTABILITYSYNERGY

OPPORTUNISM

Warfighting Warfighting CultureCulture

Distributed OperationsUnified

Battlespace

Adaptive Command

Unified Battlespace

“I shall proceed from the simple to the complex. But in war more than in any other subject we must begin by looking at the nature of the whole; for here more than elsewhere the part and the whole must always be thought of together.”

– Carl von Clausewitz

Unified Battlespace

A concept for understanding

the operating environment,

in its totality

Full breadth and depth of the battlespace

Comprehensive Connectivity

Interdependence

A system of nodes and networks

Characteristics:

Unified Battlespace

Unified Battlespace

The environment, factors, and conditions that must be understood to successfully apply power, protect the force, and complete the mission. This includes the air, land, sea, space, information, and cognitive domains, and the adversary, friendly, and other forces and entities residing or operating therein.

A single, integrated and complex whole comprised of adversary, friendly, and other “systems of systems” that interact dynamically, and usually violently.

A system of adversary, friendly, and other networks comprised of infrastructures, nodes, links, and elements.

The strategic battlespace is global (and beyond), but there will always be defined areas of concentrated focus and engagement.

Unified Battlespace

Includes full breadth, depth, and height of the Air, Land, Sea, Space, Information, and cognitive domains

The levels of war are merging.

Technology is “compressing space and expanding time”.

Key nodes will lead directly to operational results.

The roles of the Joint Forces Commander and staff

Evolution from Deep Operations Theory, AirLand Battle, Forward from the Sea, Operational Maneuver from the Sea, Maneuver Warfare Doctrine, & Global Engagement

Full breadth, depth, and height of the battlespace

Unified Battlespace

Comprehensive connectivity is the foundation: Electronic connectivity Shared awareness Culture/paradigm Doctrine Training/education Leadership Organization Adversary Et cetera

Connection

Integration

Interdependence

increased

synergy

Comprehensive Connectivity and Interdependence

Unified Battlespace

Tactical

InfluenceDeterCompel

CoerceDefeat

InfluenceDeterCompel

CoerceDefeat

D I M E

P

E

M

S

II

InfluenceDeterCompel

CoerceDefeat

Strategic

Operational

A systemof nodesandnetworks

Joint Operational Warfighting

ADAPTABILITYSYNERGY

OPPORTUNISM

Warfighting Warfighting CultureCulture

Distributed Operations

Unified Battlespace

Adaptive Command

“War is the realm of uncertainty;

Three quarters of the factors on

which action in war is based are

wrapped in a fog of greater

or lesser uncertainty.”

– Carl von Clausewitz

Adaptive Command

A concept for commanding

forces within the complex and

uncertain environment of the

Battlespace, in order to lead

Distributed Operations.

Adaptive Command

Adaptive Command

Commanders Intent provides guidanceEffects-focusedFeedback with appropriate MOEs key to controlConnectivityOpportunisticReduced latency in Sense/Plan/Decide/Act cycleProliferation of Decision MakersEmergent self-synchronizationCollaborativeFlexible

Characteristics:

Feedback from a variety of sensors and sources, including distributed units, will indicate when changes in guidance or degree of directive centralized control is required.

Unprecedented connectivity and sensor input will enable both more directive and more self-synchronized operations.

Authority to decide, plan, and act should reside at command level with the best situational awareness; at times it may be centralized at a higher HQ, and at other times decentralized to the tactical unit.

Adaptive Command

The necessary wisdom and discipline will need to be forged well before deployment, through leadership doctrine, training, education, and personnel selection and promotion policies that promote:

Understanding the realities of the modern battlefield

The immutable principles of war and productivity

The inculcation of the optimal warfighting culture

Recognition of the central role that character plays in leadership, and that information sufficiency plays in decision-making

Adaptive Command

Commanders at every level will use the art and science of war to develop concepts of operations, and will then promulgate guidance focusing on commander’s intent and desired effects.

Control will be effected through, and measured by, the achievement of desired effects, specified in commander’s intent, not the performance of directed actions per se’.

Desired effects will be achieved by units acting independently and creatively but synergistically, in self-synchronizing actions based upon shared situational awareness, designed to satisfy commander’s intent.

Adaptive Command

Joint Operational Warfighting

ADAPTABILITYSYNERGY

OPPORTUNISM

Warfighting Warfighting CultureCulture

Distributed Operations

Unified Battlespace

Adaptive Command

“Now an army may be likened to

water, for just as flowing water

avoids the heights and hastens

to the lowlands, so an army avoids

strength and strikes weakness.”

– Sun Tzu

Distributed Operations

A concept for the employment

of full joint capabilities

throughout the battlespace,

aided by Adaptive Command,

and an appreciation of the

Unified Battlespace.

Distributed Operations

Distributed Operations

InformationFire

Maneuver

Component Elements

OperationsOperations

Tailorable

Scalable

Distributed

Dispersed

Operational Nodes

Agile

Dislocation

Unpredictable

Interdependence

Full Battlespace Presence

Autonomy

Simultaneity

Multidimensional

Multidirectional

Task Organized

Combined Arms

Increased Surface Area

Speed

Characteristics:

Distributed Operations

A Distributed System…

Distributed Operations

Emergent Qualities

The Concept

Emergent Qualities

Synergy

Opportunism

Adaptability

Enhanced …

Synergy

“One whose upper and lower ranks have the same desires will be victorious.”

– Sun Tzu

Emergent Qualities

Adaptability

“Improvise, Adapt, Overcome.”

– Military Adage

Emergent Qualities

Opportunism

“The victorious army first realizes the conditions for victory, and then seeks to

engage in battle.”

– Sun Tzu

Emergent Qualities

Enhanced Synergy yields reduced friction and greater productivity/combat effectiveness Enhanced Adaptability yields greater responsiveness to challenges and opportunities

Enhanced Opportunism yields more proactive action and self-synchronization in the battlespace

Together, they facilitate a Unified Battlespace, Adaptive Command, and Distributed Operations

These yield greater Effectiveness, Efficiency, and Economy of operations

Emergent Qualities

Joint Operational Warfighting

ADAPTABILITYSYNERGY

OPPORTUNISM

Warfighting Warfighting CultureCulture

Distributed Operations

Unified Battlespace

Adaptive Command

Summary and Conclusion

JOW is a theory … an articulation of first principles

JOW is an integrated conceptual system that must be employed coherently as such

Summary and Conclusion

Joint Operational Warfighting will yield:

Enhanced/optimized employment of warfighters

Enhanced desired emergent behaviors (synergy, adaptability, and opportunism)

Enhanced unified perspective of the battlespace

More adaptive leadership and command

Enhanced capability for distributed operations

Summary and Conclusion

Joint Operational Warfighting will yield:

An enhanced/optimized warfighting culture

Significant changes/enhancemnts to DOTMLPF

A vehicle for transformation of the armed forces

A potential Revolution in Military Affairs

Enhanced effectiveness, efficiency, and economy of operations broadly

Questions?

Richard Stuart Maltz703-587-8423

richardmaltz@cox.net

Joint Operational WarfightingJoint Operational Warfighting