JSS COLLEGE OF PHYSIOTHERAPY

1

JSS MAHAVIDYAPEETHA

JSS COLLEGE OF PHYSIOTHERAPY

MYSURU

LESSON PLAN 2020- 21

BACHELOR OF PHYSIOTHERAPY (BPT)

SECOND YEAR

2

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Sl.No Content Page No

1 Time table 5

2 Academic calendar 6

3 Exercise therapy 12

4 Electrotherapy 46

5 Microbiology 88

6 Pathology 102

7 Pharmacology 130

3

FOREWORD

The purpose of this Lesson Plan is to guide the students on resources that are recommended to master the syllabus of each subject. This document consists of the detailed topic wise plan, along with the Time table, Assignment list for the entire year, recommended books and sample questions. Each subject syllabus is divided into modules and each module is divided into units. Every unit is provided with prescribed book, reference books and supplementary material. It is intended to help the students to refer the appropriate book. Students are directed to go through the supplementary material reference which is available at our college library wherever it is required, example-videos, web links. Each subject lesson plan is followed by sample questions which helps students to understand the format of questions in university examinations.

4

HOW TO USE THIS MANUAL

The purpose of this Lesson Plan is to guide the students on resources that are

recommended to master the syllabus of each subject. This document consists of the

detailed topic wise plan, along with the Time table, Assignment list for the entire year,

recommended books, Sample questions and Practical manual.

Each subject syllabus is divided into modules and each module is divided into units.

Every unit is provided with prescribed book, reference books and

supplementary material. It is intended to help the students to refer the

appropriate book. Students are directed to go through the supplementary

material wherever it is required in the form of videos or web links.

Each subject lesson plan is followed by sample questions; it helps students to understand the format of questions in university examinations.

5

DEPARTMENT OF BASIC SCIENCES

Vision:

The department of basic sciences aim to impart evidence based evaluation and assessment in gait, posture, exercise testing

and prescription. The department aims to inculcate skills of evaluation and assessment in basic sciences.

Mission:

1.Research publications in the areas of basic sciences

2.Improve care and teaching through continuous research

based inputs

3.Encourage reseach activities among faculty and students -conference participation and

presentations

4.Research interest peer groups

1.Incorporate self learning

2.Application of evidence based teaching methods

3.Improve the core competency of students

4.Act as leaders and mentors in incorporating evience based

evaluation

5.Evaluation and revision of basic sciences curriculum periodically

1. Provide optimal quality care for

the clients

2. Physiotherapy evaluation based

on high standards of care and

practice

3. Comprehensive range of

specialized evaluations that is cost

effective and accessible

4. Patient care with compassion

6

Mode of Delivery: Total 240 hrs

PBL 4%

Didactic 34%

practical 54% directed

independent learning

8%

MODE OF DELIVERY

Method of assessment

Didactic: Written exams, quiz, IA exams Directed independent learning:

Assignments

Practical: IA Practical exam, Practical manual completion PBL: Group discussion, Seminars

7

Objectives of the subject

• At the end of the second year the students will be able to apply basic principles of physics to exercise therapy in human body.

• To incorporate biomechanical principles in to exercise therapy.

• Apply the techniques in the restoration of physical functions.

• Apply anatomy, physiology and biochemistry knowledge to plan and execute exercise regimens

Table of contents

Sl No Topics

1. Prescribed RGUHS syllabus

2. List of recommended text books

3. Objectives of modules

4. Module I

5. Module II

6. Module III

7. Module IV (A) PNF

8. Module IV (B) Suspension therapy

9. Module IV (C) Functional re-education

10. Module IV (D) Stretching

11. Module IV (E) Manual therapy, mobilization & manipulation

12. Module IV (F) Balance

13. Module IV (G) Co-ordination

14. Module IV (H) Posture

15. Module IV (I) Massage

16. Module IV (J) Hydrotherapy

17. Module IV (K) Group & individual exercises

18. Module IV (L) Miscellaneous

19. Sample questions

20. List of assignments

8

Prescribed syllabus, RGUHS

Theory

1. Introduction to Exercise Therapy [3 Hours] The aims of Exercise Therapy, The techniques of Exercise

Therapy, Approach to patient’s problems, Assessment of patient’s condition – Measurements of Vital parameters,

Starting Positions – Fundamental positions & derived Positions, Planning of Treatment

2.Methods of Testing [15 Hours] a) Functional tests b) Measurement of Joint range: ROM-Definition, Normal

ROM for all peripheral joints & spine, Goniometer-parts, types, principles, uses., Limitations of goniometry,

Techniques for measurement of ROM for all peripheral joints- revision c) Tests for neuromuscular efficiency

Manual Muscle Testing: Introduction to MMT, Principles & Aims, Indications & Limitations, Techniques of

MMT for group & individual muscles : Techniques of MMT for upper limb / Techniques of MMT for lower limb

/ Techniques of MMT for spine

Anthropometric Measurements: Muscle girth – biceps, triceps, forearm, quadriceps, calf Static power Test

Dynamic power Test Endurance test Speed test Measurement of Limb Length: true limb length, apparent limb

length, segmental limb length. Measurement of the angle of Pelvic Inclination. d) Tests for Co-ordination

2. Relaxation [4 Hours] Definitions: Muscle Tone, Postural tone, Voluntary Movement, Degrees of relaxation,

Pathological tension in muscle, Stress mechanics, types of stresses, Effects of stress on the body mechanism,

Indications of relaxation, Methods & techniques of relaxation-Principles & uses: General, Local, Jacobson’s,

Mitchel’s, additional methods.

3. Passive Movements [ 4 Hours] Causes of immobility, Classification of Passive movements, Specific definitions

related to passive movements, Principles of giving passive movements, Indications, contraindications, effects of uses

, Techniques of giving passive movements.

4. Active Movements [ 6 hours] Definition of strength, power & work, endurance, muscle actions. Physiology of

muscle performance: structure of skeletal muscle, chemical & mechanical events during contraction &relaxation,

muscle fiber type, motor unit, force gradation. Causes of decreased muscle performance Physiologic adaptation to

training: Strength & Power, Endurance. Types of active movements Free exercise: Classification, principles,

techniques, indications, contraindications, effects and uses Active Assisted Exercise: principles, techniques,

indications, contraindications, effects and uses Assisted-Resisted Exercise: principles, techniques, indications,

contraindications, effects and uses Resisted Exercise: Definition, principles, indications, contraindications,

precautions & techniques, effects and uses Types of resisted exercises: Manual and Mechanical resistance exercise,

Isometric exercise, Dynamic exercise: Concentric and Eccentric, Dynamic exercise: Constant versus variable

resistance, Isokinetic exercise, Open-Chain and Closed-Chain exercise.

9

5. Physiology of muscle performance: [2 hours] Structure of skeletal muscle, chemical & mechanical events

during contraction &relaxation, muscle fibre type, motor unit, force gradation. Causes of decreased muscle

performance Physiologic adaptation to training: Strength & Power, Endurance.

6. Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation [6 Hours] Definitions & goals Basic neurophysiologic principles of

PNF: Muscular activity, Diagonals patterns of movement: upper limb, lower limb Procedure: components of PNF

Techniques of facilitation Mobility: Contract relax, Hold relax, Rhythmic initiation Strengthening: Slow reversals,

repeated contractions, timing for emphasis, rhythmic stabilization Stability: Alternating isometric, rhythmic

stabilization Skill: timing for emphasis, resisted progression Endurance: slow reversals, agonist reversal

7. Suspension Therapy [6 Hours] Definition, principles, equipments & accessories, Indications &

contraindications, Benefits of suspension therapy Types of suspension therapy: axial, vertical, pendular Techniques

of suspension therapy for upper limb Techniques of suspension therapy for lower limb

8. Functional Re-education [4 hours] Lying to sitting: Activities on the Mat/Bed, Movement and stability at floor

level; Sitting activities and gait; Lowerlimb and Upperlimb activities.

9. Aerobic Exercise [4 Hours] Definition and key terms; Physiological response to aerobic exercise, Examination

and evaluation of aerobic capacity – Exercise Testing, Determinants of an Exercise Program, The Exercise

Program, Normal and abnormal response to acute aerobic exercise, Physiological changes that occur with training,

Application of Principles of an Aerobic conditioning program for patients – types and phases of aerobic training.

10. Stretching [3 Hours] Definition of terms related to stretching; Tissue response towards immobilization and

elongation, Determinants of stretching exercise, Effects of stretching, Inhibition and relaxation procedures,

Precautions and contraindications of stretching, Techniques of stretching.

11. Manual Therapy & Peripheral Joint Mobilization [5 Hours] Schools of Manual Therapy, Principles,

Grades, Indications and Contraindications, Effects and Uses – Maitland, Kaltenborn, Mulligan

Biomechanical basis for mobilization, Effects of joint mobilisation, Indications and contraindications, Grades of

mobilization, Principles of mobilization, Techniques of mobilization for upper limb, lower limb, Precautions.

12. Balance [ 4 Hours] Physiology of balance: contributions of sensory systems, processing sensory information,

generating motor output Components of balance (sensory, musculoskeletal, biomechanical) Causes of impaired

balance, Examination & evaluation of impaired balance, Activities for treating impaired balance: mode, posture,

movement, Precautions & contraindications, Types Balance retraining

10

13.Co-ordination Exercise [ 4 Hours] Anatomy & Physiology of cerebellum with its pathways Definitions: Co-

ordination, Inco-ordination Causes for Inco-ordination, Test for co-ordination: equilibrium test, non equilibrium

test Principles of co-ordination exercise Frenkel’s Exercise: uses of Frenkel’s exercise, technique of Frenkel’s

exercise, progression, home exercise.

14.Posture [3 Hours] Definition, Active and Inactive Postures, Postural Mechanism, Patterns of Posture,

Principles of re-education: corrective methods and techniques, Patient education.

15. Walking Aids [3 hours] Walking aids Revision. Application : Pre crutch Training and crutch gaits.

16. Massage [ 4 Hours] History and Classification of Massage Technique Principles, Indications and

Contraindications Technique of Massage Manipulations Physiological and Therapeutic Uses of Specific

Manipulations

17.Hydrotherapy [ 3 Hours] Definitions, Goals and Indications, Precautions and Contraindications, Properties

of water, Use of special equipments, techniques, Effects and uses, merits and demerits

17. Individual and Group Exercises [ 3 Hours] Advantages and Disadvantages, Organisation of Group

exercises, Recreational Activities and Sports

18. Introduction to Yoga [ 5 Hours] Asanas – Principles and elements;

Pranayamas – Principles, Methods and Techniques

11

OBJECTIVES OF MODULES

MODULE I- Basics of exercise therapy

Objectives – The student will be able to discuss the indication and precautions for performing exercises, position of

choice, types of muscle work and specific exercises and the use of mechanical aids to aid in movement and their

indications and precautions. Moreover, the student would be able to identify terminology associated with positions

muscle work and specific exercises

MODULE II- Tests and measures

Objectives – The student will be able to perform basic tests and measures in standard manner and be able to discuss

the properties of measurement, threats to internal validity and measures to control such threats

MODULE III- Exercise Physiology

Objectives – The student will be able to discuss and articulate exercise physiology principles including training

adaptations, principles of strength and endurance training, principles of aerobic training. He / she will also will able

to discuss physiology of human movement (balance, posture, mobility and coordination)

Course Outcomes:

At the end of the year the student will be,

1. To design appropriate exercise intervention for various conditioning requirements

2. Able to analyse and differentiate various parameters and physiology of different exercise programs

3. Proficient in hands on techniques

4. Able to explain the fundamental principles of therapeutic exercise including its definition and use

in prevention, treatment, rehabilitation, control, restoration, prevention of recurrence in variety of

ailments

5. Able to define the body mechanics and body musculature in relation to exercise and movement

12

Module I – Basics of Exercise Therapy

Basics of Exercise Therapy Exercise –Tests and

Measurements

Exercise Physiology

Introduction to Exercise Therapy,

starting positions ;Type of exercises

and muscle work and recognition to

constraints of movement

Tests & Measures Aerobics Exercise

Active Exercise

LEARNING OBJECTIVES

The student will be able to identify

positions that the body adopts as

fundamental and derived positions

They will be able to choose the

appropriate position for a specific

movement

They will be able to identify the

muscle work constraints of

movement in those positions

The student will be able to

perform basic tests and measures

in standard manner and be able to

discuss the properties of

measurement, threats to internal

validity and measures to control

such threats

By the end of this class the

students will be able to articulate

the physiology of skeletal muscles

and their role in aerobic exercise

13

Unit

No

Topics covered Learning objective-At the

end of the lecturer students

will be able to

Recommended books Reference books Duration Practical

preparation-

students have to

come prepared

with

Unit 1 Introduction to

Exercise

Therapy

Therapeutic exercise

foundatonal concepts – types

of exercise intervention,

exercise safety, The

Disablement Process.

Therapeutic exercise –

historical perspective

Discuss the indication and

precautions for performing

exercises, position of choice,

types of muscle work and

specific exercises, use of

mechanical aids to aid in

movment and their

indications and

precautions.Moreover the

student would be able to

identify terminology

associated with positions,

muscle work and specific

exercises.


Carolyn Kisner,


William D Bandy, Barbara

Sanders ,P.No : 2 – 9

Therapeutic exercise – Carrie M. Hall- P No :1 –4,

2nd edition


treatment planning for

progression , Frances E

Huber.

1 hr


Tests &

Measurements

*Need for test and

measurement

*List the various instrument,

test and

Measurement&properties.

*Purpose of measurement,

testing & Evaluation.

Nature of measurement and

evaluation

Domains of human

performance

Measurement &

Evaluation in Human

Performance-JAMES

.R.MORROW ,page no 2-

13


Carolyn Kisner

Measurement of joint

motion- Cynthia C Norkin

Th P Demonstrate and

practice minimum

twice individually

under supervision of

M.P.T student or

staff

14

Unit 3 Vitals

*BP

*PR

*RR

*Temperature

*BMI

Describe the physiology,

need of evaluation &

procedure for measurement

Physical Rehabilitation

O’Sullivan,chapter 3

page no :30-83

Exercise Physiology –

Katch&Katch (2nd

edition)page no:518,519

Demonstrate vitals

like PR,RR,BP,

Temp with proper

positioning,

measurement,

reading and

recording.

Demonstrate and

calculate BMI, skin

fold with proper

technique

The student should

record the values in

practical record book

and signed from the

concerned staff.

Unit 4 Anthropometric

measurement

or

Linear

measurements

*limb length

Describe about

Anthropometry&

components.

Principles and practice of

Anthropometrics –

Constraints, Fitting trials, an

annotated list of body

dimensions

Applications,

Measurement error

Bio electrical impedence

analysis

List the various

methods for

anthropometry

measurement

*skin fold,

*stadiometer,

*weighting *scale calliper

*girth

measurements

Body space – P.No :15 -30,

2nd edition.

Principles of

exercise therapy

Dena Gardiner

pg 28-31

Physiological assessment

of human fitness : First

Edition: Peter J Maud/ Carl

Foster : 174-185

Cardio pulmonary physical

therapy-Hillegass &

Sadowsky (2nd

Orthopedic Physical Assessment . P.No 1057 -

1059. 5th Edition

Physiological Assessment

of Human Fittnes-Peter J

Demonstrate various

method of

anthropometric

Measurements, limb

length

measurements.

The student should

record the limb

length,chest

measurement in

tabular column of

thepractical record

book and signed

from concerned

staff.

15

*chest expansion Describe about

limb length

Discrepancy. need for

measurements of

limb length and

methods for

measuring limb

Length.

Describe about the chest

expansion, methods of

measuring chest expansion

edition)631-635 Maud Carl Foster 174-185

Unit 5 Sensory

mapping

&

Arousal,

attention,

orientation

&cognition

Describe about sensory

distribution of myotome and

dermatome levels


O’Sullivan,

Page no: 123-126.

Page no:127-132

The student should

mark the Myotome

and dermatome level

in body chart of

thepractical record

book and signed

from

concerned staff.

Unit 6 Angular

measurements

*Goniometry

Describe ROM,

active &passive

ROM, types of

Goniometer,

parts, properties

& uses.Describe various

axis, plane of motion,

muscles .Apply

Proper technique

positioning of

subject,therapist

& instrument, its

application,

measurement recording

Measurement of

joint motion –

Cynthia C

Norkin- entire book to be

Referred.

Therapeutic exercises

–Michael Higgin Pg 57-60


treatment & planning

Frances.E.Huber

Measurement of

joint motion –

Cynthia C

Occupational therapy for

physical Dysfunction (4th

edition)

Catherine A trombly,page

no:73-106

Chris.L.Wells-pg 68

– pg 74

Practical manual page

no 8-9

Demonstrate ROM

for all the joints; UL,

LL and spine, with

proper

positioning,

measurement,

Reading and

recording.

The student should

record the ROM for

all joints in tabular

column of the

practical record book

and signed from

concerned staff.

16

*Inclinometry

Overview, Cervical spine

testing, Thoracic spine and

lumbar spine testing, ankle

and foot testing, Hip testing,

Shoulder testing

Norkin . P. No : 24-25,312 –

327, 334 - 363,252, 192, 67

. 3rdEdition

Unit 7 Performance

measurements

*Flexibility

Describe the types of

performance measurements.

Methods of measuring the

flexibility

Manual of Sports Medicine

–Marc.R.Safran&Dougali

Page no:84-88

Demonstrate various

muscle and group of

muscles

forevaluations,

testingaccording to

MRC grades and

record it.

Apply Proper

technique including

positioning of

subject and therapist,

testing according to

grades -readings

and recording

The student should

grade & record the

MMT ,flexibility ,

endurance, power,

agility for all

muscles in tabular

columns

of the practical

record book

and signed from

theconcerned staff.

Evaluation,

assessment and

calculation of

aerobic capacity,

static and

Dynamic power test,

*Strength –

MMT(Manual

muscle testing)

Describe about

the strength and

manual muscle

testing.Interpret

the grade of

various muscle,

Describe the

grade of muscle

testing according

to MRC,

Worthingham

and Kendall

standard measures along

with adequate

Explanation for each.

Daniel’s

&Worthingham

’s muscle

testing (Hislop)

Muscle testing and

function-

Florence Peterson

Kendall

Practical manual page

no 10-20

Physiological Assessment

of Human Fittnes-Peter J

Maud Carl Foster 115-133

Assesendurance level for

different activity ,prescribe endurance training

Physiology of sports &

exercise –Jack H Wilmore , pg no39,222,285,286

*Endurance


Carolyn Kisner ,page no-

87,232,891


Katch&Katch (2nd edition)

Pg no:181-195 Describe about Aerobic

17

*Power

Aerobic

Anaerobic

sprinting

*Agility

power, Anaerobic power,

power training programme,

assessment and prescription

of training programme.

Describe agility, asses and

prescribe training

programme for agility

Physiology of sports & exercise –Jack H Wilmore

(4th edition)pg no:190- 197,223-245,393


Katch&Katch (2nd edition) Pg no:311-312,376

power performance

should be done and

recorded in tabular

column. Should

evaluate and able to

prescribe training

programme for

different activity and

record it.

Unit 8 Functional

measurements

*FIM

*Energy

expenditure

index

*Gait

Evaluation

*Posture

Describe the uses of FIM,

test to measure ,principles

Should know about MET

value, test to measure EE.

Describe about various types

of gait,

Assessment of gait

Describe about posture, its

types

Significance of good posture

and its assessment.

Evaluation of posture in all

planes.

FIM Manual (standardized

test )

Sports and exercise

Science chapter-energy

balance pg no:150-160


O’Sullivan.


O’Sullivan.

Orthopedic Physical Assessment P.No : 972 –

1012, 5th Edition.

Sports Medicine –chart pg

no:146

Therapeutic exercise for

musculoskeletal injuries-

Peggy A.Houglum-

Pg 326- 336

Therapeutic

exercise for

musculoskeletalinjuries-

Asses and score the

Functional activity

of daily living

.Should know the

score in different

conditions. Asses &

examine gait,

posture, anatomical

markers of good

posture

&biomechanics.

List various methods

of assessing posture,

document and

correlate observed

structural asymmetry

with functional

asymmetry.

List various types of

co-ordinated and in

coordination

18

PeggyA.Houglum-Pg 264, 266

exercise and practice

the procedure.

Student should note

down reading &

methods in practical

record & signed

from concerned staff

Demonstrate and

record the graph of

different functional

volumes

Demonstrate and

evaluate level of

RPE in different

activity and record it.

Method of testing, different

lung volumes, difference

between normal and

abnormal graph.

Therapeutic

Exercise-Frances

Huber,P.No:177-196

Cardio pulmonary P.T-

Hillegass & Sadowsky, pg

no:432-439

Manual Sports Medicine –

Douglas 74

*PFT Physical Rehabilitation

O’Sullivan.

*RPE

Assessment of subjective

Exertion during physical

activity

Unit 9 Autonomic

Nervous System

testing

Merits Neurology(12th

edition ) Pg no:93-96

Adams & Victors principle

of neurology, Page no:505-

535

Mandatory outfit for practical

Boys- shorts & sleeveless t-shirts

Girls-3/4 shorts, half/sleeveless t-shirts.

19

SAMPLE QUESTIONS

• Name different instruments used for testing and measuring joints and muscles. Add a note on their

properties? Define goniometry. Mention parts of Goniometer.What is the importance of using

Goniometry?

• Describe thegrade of muscletesting accordingto MRC?

• Mention different methods of anthropometry.What is limb length discrepancy?

• How do you calculate BMI? Calculate the BMI for at least 4 female and 4 male individuals within the age

group of 18 to 24 years.

• What is an anthropometric measurement?

• Mention the various sites in the body for anthropometric assessment. What is MMT?

List the various methods of assessing muscle strength? Principles of MMT? Explain

merits and demerits of MMT?

• Mention the common errors that are possible while measuring ROM. Mention the two different methods of

measuring ROM.

• What are the principles and aims of MMT?

• Enumerate MMT for shoulder flexors and elbow extensors? Enumerate MMT for hip abductors and

extensors? • What is inclinometer? Explain ROM for spine?

LIST OF ASSIGNMENTS MODULE II

Sl

No

Assignment Topic

1

Mention different axes and planes of goniometry measurement for shoulder, elbow, wrist, hip, knee and ankle with

proper technique, principles and recording

2 Principles and methods of grading MMT for – Biceps, triceps, deltoid, quadriceps, hamstrings and gastrocnemius-

soleus

3 Apparent and true limb length measurement. Limb length discrepancy, girth measurement

4 Measurement principles of skin fold caliper and stadiometer; BMI calculation for males and females

20

Unit

No

Topics

covered

Learning

objective-At

the end of

the lecturer

students will

be able to

Recommended

books

Reference

books

Duration Practical

preparation-

students have

to come

prepared

with

Assignments

Th/Prct

Unit

1

Physiolog

y of

muscle

performa

nce

Structure,p

hysiology of

muscle

Force

generation

and

physiologica

l

adaptations

of muscles

Text book of medical physiology.

8th edition. A.C. Guyton (67-68)


8th edition. A.C. Guyton (68-73).


8th edition. A.C. Guyton (74-76)


8th edition. A.C. Guyton (P.No:74,76)

Physiology of

sports and

exercise. 4th

edition. Jack

Wilmore. (24-

45)

Exercise

therapy

Prevention and

Treatment of

disease , John

Gormley. P.No

37 - 53

Physiology of

sports and

exercise. 4th

edition. Jack

Wilmore.

(P.No:35)

T p Seminars

A)

Structure

of skeletal

muscle

B)

Chemical

and

mechanic

al events

C)

Types of

muscle

fibre

D)

Motor unit

Force

gradiation

21

E)

F)

G)

Forces for

decreased

muscle

performa nce

Physiolog ical

adaptatio ns

Strength

,power and

enduranc e

Physiology of sports

and exercise. 4th

edition. Jack Wilmore.

(P.No:202-250).


from theory to

practical -Carolyn

Kisner ,page no-149


Katch&Katch2 nd

edition. (P.No:308)

22

Unit

2

A)

B)

Aerobic

Exercise

Field

method

Lab method

Describe

about

aerobic

exercises

and its

physiologica

l effects.

Demonstrate

how

t

o

perform field

test to assess

aerobic

capacity

o

f individual

person.

Describe

an

d define

principles

of

weight

training:

Exercise Physiology

McArdleKatch&Kat

ch

ACSM-

guidelines Practical

manual page no

30-31

Demonstrates

competency

inmotor skills and

movementpatte rns

needed to perform

avariety of

physical activities.

Demonstrate the

ability to use

competency in

various methods

of

aerobic

conditioning and

23

overload, Progression,

specificity, aerobic,

and

anaerobic.

Describe &distinguish

among circuit weight

training, high intense

Weight training, multi

set weight

training.

*Demonstrate

competency in the

ability to compute

target heart rate.

Demonstrate

proficiency in at least

one aerobic exercise

methods.

Clinical uses of

exercise testing and.

Approaches to

clinical exercise

testing Conducting the

stage 1

and 2 test and

interpretation

Jones clinical exercise

testing : 4th

edition: 65-167

weighttraining, and

proficiency in at

least one methodof

aerobic

conditioning.

Demonstrate

exercise testing,

various methods

of

exercise training

and

exercise

prescription for

individual.

24

SAMPLE QUESTIONS

• Methods of aerobics training? What are its advantages and disadvantages? Definition and classification of active

exercises?

• Physiological responses to aerobics exercises? What is resistance exercises?

• Enumerate the principles of resistance training. What is plyometrics?

• Mention the various plyometric regimes 1RM? How to test 10 RM?

• What is PRE? What is Delorm’s technique? BRIME principles?

• SAID principles?

LIST OF ASSIGNMENT MODULE III

Sl No Assignment Topic

1 Assessment of aerobic capacity in healthy persons.

2 Principles of weight training

3 Practical demonstrate 1RM, 5 RM and 10RM on 5 male and 5 female individuals

with the same age group 18 to 24 years.

4 Explain various method of exercise testing in COPD patients. Explain in detail about Mc

Queensland principles

25

MODULE IV: INTERVENTION TECHNIQUES

Unit

No

Topics

covered

Learning

objective-At

the end of the

lecturer

students will

be able to

Recommende

d books

Reference books Durati

o n

Practical

preparation-

students

have to

come

prepared

with

Assignments

ThPrct

1. RELAX

ATI ON

Demonstrate

various

relaxation

techniques.

Principles of

exercise

therapy. Dena

gardener (62-

68)

Practical exercise

therapy. Margaret Hollis

(58-

62)

Relaxation

Techniques

:Payne

26

Rosemery: 1st edition

2. RANG

E OF

MOTI

ON

Introduction,

terminology,

active and

passive ROM,

end feels –

normal &

abnormal,

Principles of

ROM exercise

Examination

profile on ROM,

ROM

equipment and

techniques.

Examination

Profile on ROM

Describe about ,

physiological

effect on

administrating

individual with

strength and

poor training an

d endurance

training .

Describe

various

movements,

classification,

techniques and

applications of

active and

passive

movements


Foundations and

technique:es.P.

No 43 -64. 5th

Edition

Therapeutic

exercise theory

from theory to

practice.

Michael

Higgins. P.No :

57 – 77

The principles of exercise

therapy: Dena

Gardiner : 4th

edition :41-61, 70-73.

Therapeutic

exercise

techniques for

intervention:

William

Bandy:13-36


for

musculoskele tal

injuries,Pegg y

A

houghlam, P. No: 88 –

119

Therapeutic exercise:

Francis E Huber:

Page number

78-82

3 4 Demonstrate

movements

voluntarily

in

corresponding

to plane

and axis

minimum

twice

individually

under

supervision

of MPT

student

and staff .

27

3.

STRETC

HI NG

Describe about

stretching, state of

immobilization,

types of

stretching,

principles,

indication

contraindication

, precautions and

effects.

Describe and

demonstrate various

methods of

stretching

with proper

implications of

stretching and

effects for

upper, lower

limbs and spine

.

Therapeutic exercise by

Karolyn kisner:

6th

edition

Travel and

simmons

Facilitated

stretching :

Robert e Mcatee/

Jeff charland- 2nd

edition

1hr 5hr Demonstrate and

practice

types of

stretching

minimum twice

individually

under

supervision of

MPT student

and staff .

Mandatory :

Uniform

Practical dress

code

4 . STREN

GT

HENIN

G

TECHN

IQ UES

a)Free

exercise

b)Active

assisted

exercise

Free exercise:

Classification, technique,

Effects and uses and free

Exercise for various

joints

Assisted exercise:

Principles, effects and

uses

Terminologies,

determinants, adaptation

to resisted

Exercise therapy:M Dena

Gardiner:4th

edition : Page number :41-61,

137-166

Therapeutic

exercise:

Carolyn

Demonstrate

and

practice

minimum twice

individually

under

supervision of

M.P.T

student or staff

28

c) RESIST

ED

EXERC

ISE

d) Type

s of

resisted

exercise

e) Specif ic

exercise

regimen s

f)Core

strength

ening

exercise, Types

, Principles of resistance

training , equipments for

resistance training ,

resistance training

regimens, resistance

exercise prescription ,

special considerations

for resistance exercise

Describeand demonstrate

various types of

strengthening exercise

with and without

mechanical aids.

Introduction, definition,

Muscle action, Exercise

training principles,

evaluation and technique

of core stabilization

exercise

kisner:5th edition:147-

212


Francis e

Huber: 106-

117


Michael Higgins:

157-

185

Practical exercise

29

g)Exerci se

applianc es/

mechani cal

aids

Springs, Thera

bands, Pulleys and

weights Swiss ball

and foam rollers

therapy: Margaret Hollis

:109-134

Therapeutic exercise for

muscluoskelatl injury :

Peggy Holum:425- 453

5. Manual Describe about Therapeutic Therapeutic Demonstrate therapy manual therapy, exercise- exercise for and & different Carolyn musculoskele practice peripher schools of Kisner- pg tal minimum twice al joint manual therapy, 120- injuries- individually mobilizat its principles , pg 155. Peggy under ion grades, Peripheral A.Houglump Supervision of I )passive indication Manipulation- g- M.P.T manual contraindication GD 154 –pg 196 student or staff mobilizat effect and uses. Maitlandpg Practical Demonstrate ion Describe and 9, manual page the various demonstrate 20,47,129- no methods and ii)Soft mobilization 221- 22-23 school of tissue and various 297 manual therapy mobilizat school of with ion manual therapy proper with proper implication of iii)passiv implication of technique e techniques and position and mechanic grades with grades al clinical Advisable

mobilizat Implication. outfit for

30

ion

iv)active

manual

mobilizat

ion{free

exercise,

pendular

exercise,

functiona l

activities,

Swiss ball}

practical

Boys- shorts &

sleeveless t shirts

Girls-3/4 shorts,

half/ sleeveless t-

shirts Demonstrate

proper evaluation

and implication of

various grades for

various condition in

clinical practice.

6. Balance Describe Therapeutic Therapeutic 2hr 3h Demonstrate balance, exercise exercise r and practice physiology treatment moving various behind balance, planning

for

toward evaluation tests

Contributions of progression : function: of balance, various systems Francis e Carry M exercise To maintain Huber : 126- Hall:149-166 stratergy, balance, 164 minimum twice components of individually balance and Therapeutic under causes of exercise supervision of imbalance. techniques for M.P.T Examine and intervention: student or staff evaluate balance, William d

list the methods bandy: 239-

to treat balance 263

impairments

and training with

proper

indications,

contraindications

31

and precautions and

effects

7. COORDI

NATION

Describe about co ordination&

inco- ordination; physiology

behind coordination and its

principles List various methods

to Evaluation. Describe &

DemonstrateFrenkel’sexerci se,

principles, techniques,

precautions, effects and clinical

implications.

Therapeutic

exercise treatment

planning for

progression :

Frances e

Huber:174-211

Physical

rehabilitation :

Susan B O

Sullivan :

The principles of

exercise

therapy:4th

edition: dena

gardiner

: 236-244

2hr 3hr Demonstrate and

practice equilibrium

and non equilibrium

test of coordination

, should be done

minimum twice in

individual under

supervision opf

MPT or Staff In

practical dress code

8. Proprioc

eptive

neuromu

scular

facilitati

on

Definition, general uses,

basic procedures,

principles, basic and

emphasis techniques of

PNF

PNF in

practice.An illustrated

guide.2nd

edition. Susan

S. Adler.

Practical

exercise

therapy.

Margaret

Hollis.

(202-

247).

Therapeutic

exercise

technique for

intervention.

William

D Bandy.

(145-

178).

Therapeuti

c exercise

moving

towards

function.

Carrie M

Hall. (309-

329)

32

9. Suspens

ion

therapy

Definition, Types,

Principles, Instruments

and techniques for

upper and lower

extremity

Practical

exercise

therapy.

Margaret

Hollis.(96-

108)

Text book of

therapeutic exercises.

S. Lakshmi

narayanan. (195-204)

10. Functio

nal re-

educatio

n

Lying to sitting:

Activities on the

Mat/Bed, Movement

and stability at floor

level: sitting activities

and gait;Lower limb and

upper limb activities

Practical

exercise

therapy : Margaret hollis

: 248-260

Functional

neuro

Rehabilitatio

n : Dolores B

Bertoti

Susan O’

Sullivan. (523-560)

11. Massage Definition,

classification,

physiological effects,

therapeutic uses,

contraindication s,

techniques,

practical aspects,

therapeutic applications

of massage

Principles and

practices of

therapeutic

massage.

Akhoury gowrang

Sinha 1-101

Practical exercise

therapy. Margret

Hollis

Massage therapy.

Richard Jackson.

Therapeutic

massage.

Elizabeth Holey.

.

12. Hydroth

erapy

Definition, physical

properties of

Therapeutic

exercise

technique for


from to practical.

33

water, fluid dynamic

properties of water, clinical

guidelines- indication,

contraindication and

precautions, safeexercise

parameters, organization of

treatment session and

techniques

Intervention.

William D

Bandy (295-

332)

Therapeutic

exercise

foundation and

techniques.

Carolyn Kisner.

Therapeutic

exercise moving

towards function.

Carrie M

Hall

(P.No:330-348)

Michael Higgins.

(251-272)

Water exercise :

Martha D White

13. Individu

al and

group

exercise

Introduction, Value of group

exercise: organizational of

group exercise: recreational

activity and sports

Principles of

exercise therapy.

Dena gardener.

(263-

267)

Practical exercise

therapy. Margret

Hollis. (165-

177)

14. Posture Describe about posture, its

Types and postural

mechanism.

List various patterns of

posture. Describe

principles of reeducation,

distinguish

Therapeutic

exercise

techniques for

intervention : William D Bandy:263- 294

Therapeutic

exercise

moving

towards

1hr 3hr Demonstrate

and practice ,

minimum

twice

individually

under

supervision of M.P.T

Student or

staff.

Assess and

examine

posture,

anatomical

34

Between an good and

bad posture and its

assessment

function : carrie

m hall: 167-184

markers, list various

methods to assess

posture

15. Walking Should be able The principles Demonstrate

Aids to analyze , Of exercise and practice measure and therapy: Dena minimum twice Prescribe the gardiner: 254- individually correct walking 264 under aids Supervision of Independently Practical staff or MPT able to perform exercise

the training of therapy :4th

various gait edition:

patterns with Margaret

adequate safety Hollis: 135-

precautions 144

16. Yoga Asanas- Yoga and Yogic Principles and Rehabilitation. exercises elements, Nilimapatel. physiologic Pranayams- and psychic Principles process. methods and S. Dutta ray.

techniques

Nice to know:

1. Plyometrics

2. Strength ball training- Lorme Goldenberg; first edition

35

EXERCISE THERAPY TEXT BOOK IN LIBRARY

Sl Title Author Edition Year No of

no copies

First Second

1 Practical Exercise Therapy Hollis Margaret 4th 2007 05

2 Therapeutic Exercise Foundation and Techniques

Kisner Caroyln Calby Lynn 3rd 1996 07

Allen 4th 2004 02

5th 2007 03

3 Hydrotherapy Principles and Practice Campion 01

Margaret Reid

4 Daniels and Worthing Hams Muscle Testing Hislop Helen J Avers Dale 6th 1999 03

etal

Montgomar 7th 2002 03

Jacqueline

8th 2010 02

9th 2017 05

5 Principles of Manual Therapy Sebastin Deepak 1st 2005 02

36

6 Massage for Therapists Hollis Margaret 02

7 Principles of Exercise Therapy Gardener Dena 4th 2005 08

8 Principles and Practice of Therapeutic Massage Sinha Akhoury 2nd 2010 02

Gowrang

9 Muscle Testing and Function Floraence Creasy MC 4th 1993 04

Kendall etal

10 Kinesiology Movement in Context of Activity Greene David Robert Susan 1st 2005 01

Paul L

11 Relaxation Techniques Payne Rosemary 1st 1998 01

A

12 Vertebral Manipulation Maitland GD 6th 2002 01

13 Peripheral Manipulation Maitland GD 3rd 2003 01

14 Muscle Energy Techniques Chaitow Leon 2nd 2001 01

3rd 2007 01

15 Closed Kinematic Chain exercise Ellenbecker

Todd.S.

1st 2001 01

37

16 Water Exercise :Safe and Effective Exercise for White Martha D 1st 1995 01

Fitness and Theory

17 Therapeutic Exercise Techniques For Intervention Bandy D William 01

18 Bourdillons Spinal Manipulation Edward Issacs

6th 2002 01

19 Therapeutic Exercise for Lumbo-pelvic Stabilization Carolyn Hodges Paul 2nd 2004 01

Richardson

20 Textbook of Therapeutic Exercise S Lakshmi 1st 2005 04

Narayan

21 Clinical Exercise Testing Jones Norman L

4th 1997 01

22 Kinesiology Movement in the Context of Activity Greene David 01

23 Joint mobilization and manipulation Susan Edmond 1st 1993 01

L

2nd

2006

01

24 Therapeutic exercise for musculoskeletal injuries Houghlum, 01

Peggy A

25 Therapeutic Massage Holey Elizabeth Cook Ellien 1st 2000 03

A

26 Exercise Therapy Prevention and Treatment Diseases John Gromley Hussey 1st 2005 04

Juliette

38

27 Muscle Energy Techniques Chaitow , Leon Delany Judith 1st 2005 01

28 Jumpping into Plyometrics Deneold A Chu

2nd 1998 01

29 Deep Tissue Massage-A Visual Guide to Technique Riggs Art

1st 2002 01

30 Manual Therapy of PelvicComplex Mohanty 1st 2010 01

Umasankar

31 Myofacial Release Manual Mahein J Carol 3rd Not 01

menti oned

32 Physiology of Sports & Exercise Willmore Jack Hostill David 3rd 2004 01

H L

33 Jones Clinical Exercise Testing L Jomes 4th 1997 01

34 Principles of Exercise testing & Interpretation- Karlman E Hansen 5th 2002 01

Including Pathophysiology & Clinical Applications Wasserman James etal

39

ELECTROTHERAPY

40

MODULE I- Syllabus

Basics of Physics &Introduction to electrotherapy

• Introduction to Physics & Electricity.

• Types of currents.

Un

it

TOPIC

Type of

instructi on Pre-

requisite

Learning

objectives and

outcome

Prescribed

Reference

REFEREN CE Assessmen t

1.

Electricity

Students

Seminar

Student should

be

familiar with

different

Students should be

able to

Electrotherapy

Explained, Principlesand

practice, John Low,

Electrothera py

Evidence based

practice –

Oral

forms of - Define and explain

the types

- Relate the flow of

electrons to current

- Explain the static

electricity

- Describe the

Production of

electrical charges

- Name the

charges and its

properties

- Identify the

connection between

the type of

charge on an

Reed 4th ed, pg 535- Sheila

energy, 6,72-87 Kitchen

basics of 11th ed

matter and Claytons Electro Pg 9-11

structure of therapy, Angela

an atom Forster, Nigel 9th Applied

ed, pg 1-3, Electronics ,

R.S Sedha –

pg 19-24

Principles of

Electronics

V.K Mehta.

Pg 1- 4 Principles of

Electronics

V.K Mehta. MCQs

41

Static object and the

type of interaction

(attraction and

repulsion)

- Explain the

potential

difference

Pg 4- 6

electricity

Claytons Electro Applied

.

Production of

electrical

charges.

Characteristics

of

charged body.

Characteristics

of lines of

forces.

Potential

difference

and EMF.

Students

Seminar

- demo

therapy, Angela

Forster, Nigel 9th ed, pg

7-12 Electrotherapy

Explained, Principles

and practice,

John Low , Reed 4th ed,

pg 39- 41

Electronics ,

R.S Sedha – pg

8-18

(voltage) and its

relationship with

EMF

42

Conductors,

semiconduct ors

and Insulators

Students

Seminar

Atoms and

how they are

placed in a

material

Students will be able to

- know what are

conductors, SC and

Insulators

- how electrons differ

in these components

- what are the

materials classified

under these

- differentiate the

applications in

electrotherapy

treatment.

- describe the uses in

treatment

Claytons Electro therapy,

Angela Forster, Nigel 9th

ed, pg 4-5

Principles of

Electronics

V.K Mehta. Pg

113 -132

Applied

Electronics ,

R.S Sedha – pg

142- 146

QUIZ

Current

Electricity

a. Units of

Electricity,

faraday, volt,

ampere, coulomb,

watt.

Students

Seminar

Units of

Electricity and

its

parameters


define and correlate all

the units of electricity



ed, pg 242-243

ORAL

question

and answers

43

b.Resistance

.

Students

Seminar

Electrical

Resistance


- Define

resistance

- Explain the

resistance through

a conductor

- describe the

electrical circuit with

resistance connected in

different routes

- explain and

diffentiate resistance

in

series and

parallel



ed, pg 11-14

Applied

Electronics ,

R.S Sedha – pg

30-31

Assignmen ts

c. Ohms law

Students

Seminar

DC and AC

Ohms law

Students will able to

- Define Ohms law

- Correlate

current/volt age

and resistance

- State the

application of

ohms’

law in

treatment with

respect to DC /AC



ed, pg 12

Electrotherapy


practice, John Low , Reed

4th ed, pg 58- 59, 214

Applied

Electronics ,

R.S Sedha – pg

35- 37

Electrothera py

in

rehabilitatio n

, Meryl

Roth Gersh 16-

19

Electrothera

py Evidence

based

Assignmen ts

44

practice –

Sheila Kitchen

11th ed

Pg 11-12

d. Fuse.

Didactic

Resistance

/current

State importance

of fuse



ed, pg 46-47

Applied

Electronics ,

R.S Sedha – pg

119

MCQs

e. Earthing

Didactic

Electrical supply

Circuit

Students will be able

to

- understand

Earthing techniques

- precautions.

- importance and

uses



ed, pg 41-43,47

f. Electric

Shock:

Didactic

Currents /

dangers of

electricity


to

- Define

Electric

shock,

- Define

Micro,

Macro

currents

- Classify

shock

- Relate with EMF

&

Resistance



ed, pg 50-54.

Electrotherapy


practice, John Low, Reed

4th ed, pg 209

- 218

Electrothera py

in

rehabilitatio n

, Meryl

Roth Gersh 87-

99

45

- Describe

preventive

measures

- Understand

assessment and

managemen t

procedures

after shock

Quiz

- electrical &

chemical burns

- prevention and

managemen t.

Electrothera

py in

Claytons Electro rehabilitatio

therapy, Angela n , Meryl

Forster, Nigel 9th Roth Gersh

ed, pg 183-184

g. Burns:

Didactic

Electrolyte/

Resistance

63,153,109,160,14

0,174

Electrothera

py Evidence

based

Electrotherapy practice –

Explained, Sheila

Principles and Kitchen

practice, John Low , 11th ed

Reed 4th ed, pg 49 Pg 395, 227,

264, 160,

375-376.

h. Condensers

(capacitor):

Students

Seminar

Insulator,

dielectric

- Definition

- Principles

- Types

- construction

,

- working and

uses.

Student will be

able



ed, pg 32-36

Electrothera py

in

rehabilitatio n

, Meryl

Roth Gersh 4-7

MCQs

46

- to

understand

Principle of

Capacitor

- types and

working

principle

- uses

Electrothera py

Evidence based

practice –

Sheila Kitchen

11th ed

Pg 12-13

3.

Magnetism:

Students

seminar

Magnet

Molecular theory

of

magnetism


to

- Define

- State the

properties

- Explain the

process of

production of

electricity from

magnetism

- Explain

electromagn etic

induction



ed, pg 15-19

Electrothera py

Evidence based

practice –

Sheila Kitchen

11th ed Pg

16-20

MCQs

4.

Electro-

Magnetic

Spectrum

Students

Seminar

Terms:

Wavelength,

Frequency,

reflection and

refraction.

Describe EMS with

its

properties



ed, pg 22-28

Therapeutic modalities

for

physical therapist,

diagramma tic

representat ion

of EMS

in Chart

47

William A Prentice,

2nd ed, pg 3-13

5.

Valves

Students

Seminar

Electrons Anode

and

cathode

Semiconduct ors

Types of

valves, its

structure and

function



ed, pg 36-38

Assignmen ts

6.

Transforme rs

Students

Seminar

EMF

Earthing

Electro

magnetism

types, principles,

construction

and working

Claytons Electro

therapy, Angela Forster,

Nigel 9th

ed, pg 29-32

7.

Ionization:

Didactic

Electrolytes

Electrolysis

Cathode and

anode

- Principles

- Application

- Effects of

various

technique of

medical

ionization.

-

Iontophores is

Electrotherapy


practice, John Low ,

Reed 4th ed, 193- 95,536-

537



ed, pg 85-86

Physical agents

in

rehabilitaio n –

from

research to

Practice . 3rd ed

–

Michelle

H.Camerron

, pages 16,

211,223-

225

Group

presentatio n

on

“benefits of

ionization in

the field of

physiother

apy

Sample Questions

• Define Electricity. What are the different types of electricity?

• Name the common types of current used in physiotherapy? What is static electricity?

• Explain the Characteristics of charged body and the lines of forces?

• What is potential difference and EMF?

• What are conductors, semiconductors and insulators, explain its application in electrotherapy treatment?

• Define faraday, volt, ampere, coulomb and watt Unit?

• Define Resistance. Correlate resistance with treatment application using low frequency currents?

• Describe the application of Ohm law in treatment?

48

• What is fuse? Explain its application and uses.

• Explain the Importance of Earthing? Define Electric shock? Describe the preventive measures of electric

shock?

• Guidelines for evaluation of safety of devices (NTK)

• What are the possible causes of burns in electrotherapy department?

• Write a note on importance of evaluation and checking apparatus in prevention of burns.

• Explain the application of capacitor. How does body act as a capacitor to low frequency currents?

• Describe the electromagnetic spectrum? Which of the therapeutic modalities produce electromagnetic

radiation?

• What is electromagnetic induction? What are the applications of valves in equipment’s?

• Explain the type of transformers. Uses of transformers?

• Explain the principle of ionization used in the treatment using DC current?

Topics Reference

Physical agents – history and role in

physiotherapy

Physical agents in rehabilitaion – from research to Practice . 3rd ed – Michelle H.Camerron

Skin battery Electrotherapy Explained, Principles and practice, John Low , Reed 3rd ed,

Pg.14

Guidelines for evaluation of

safety of devices

Electrotherapy in rehabilitation , Meryl Roth Gersh , Pg 87-99

Application of ohms law in

electrotherapy

Electrotherapy in rehabilitation , Meryl Roth Gersh ,Pg. 16- 19

Electrotherapy Evidence based practice – Sheila Kitchen 11th ed, Pg 11- 12

49

MODULE II

Types of Electrical Stimulators [1 Hour]

• NMES- Construction component.

• Neuro muscular diagnostic stimulator- construction component.

• Components and working Principles.

Principles of Application:

Electrode tissue interface, Tissue Impedance,

Types of Electrode, Size & Placement of Electrode – Water bath, Unipolar, Bi-polar, Electrode coupling,

Current flow in tissues, Lowering of Skin Resistance. [2 Hours]

FG Test

SD Curve: Methods of Plotting SD Curve, Apparatus selection,

Characters of Normally innervated Muscle, Characters of Partially Denervated Muscle, Characters of Completely denervated Muscle, Chronaxie &Rheobase. [2 Hours]

50

Unit

No

Lesson

name

Type of

instruction

Learning objectives- at the end of

the lesson, the student must be

able to

Prescribed

Reference

Referenc

e

Practi

cal

refere nce

Method of

assessmen t

1

Types of

stimulators

Didactic

Tp

differentiate different types

of ES

Clinical electro

physiology

- Andrew

Robinson Pages

27-50

Assignme

nt

2 NMES

component

Didactic

Tp identify different parts of

NMES

Clinical electro

physiology

-Andrew

Robinson Pages

51-61

Experime

nts &

demonstra

tions in

Physiother

apy

-Stephen

Dicarlo

Pages 74 to 77

MCQ

3 Principles of

application

Practicals identify types of electrodes,

size of electrodes

Clinical electro

physiology

-Andrew

Robinson Pages

51-61

Practical

demonstrat

ion

4 Positioning of

electrodes

Practicals Demonstrate positioning of

electrodes

Lowering skin resistance

Clinical electro

physiology

-Andrew

Robinson Pages 51-61

Practical

demonstrat

ion

5 Demonstratio

stimulation- m

nPoraf cFtaicradlsic

otor points

Identify different motor

points for UL & Face

Clayton’s

electrotherapy

Angela Foster

Pages 70-78

Practic

al

Manual

page no

33

Practical

demonstrat

ion

6 Demonstratio

stimulation- m

nPoraf cFtaicradlsic

otor points

Identify different motor points

for LL & upper back

Clayton’s

electrotherapy Angela Foster

Practic

al Manual

Practical

demonstrat ion

51

Pages 70-78 page no

33

7 Demonstratio

Galvanic

stimulation- m

nPracticalsof

otor points

Identify different motor

points for UL & Face

Clayton’s

electrotherapy

Angela Foster

Pages 70-78

Practic

al

Manual

page no

34

Practical

demonstrat

ion

8 Demonstratio

Galvanic

stimulation- m

nPracticalsof

otor points

Identify different motor points

for LL & upper back

Clayton’s

electrotherapy

Angela Foster

Pages 70-78

Practic

al

Manual

page no

34

Practical

demonstrat

ion

9 Faradic

stimulation-

motor points

Practicals

(revision)

Identify different motor points for

UL, LL, face and upper back

Clayton’s

electrotherapy

Angela Foster

Pages 70-78

Practic

al

Manual

page no

33-34

Practical

revision

10 Galvanic

stimulation-

motor points

Practicals

(revision)



Clayton’s

electrotherapy

Angela Foster

Pages 70-78

Practic

al

Manual

page no

33-34

Practical

revision

11 Faradic

stimulation-

motor points

Practicals

(revision)



Clayton’s

electrotherapy

Angela Foster

Pages 70-78

Practic

al

Manual

page no

33-34

Practical

revision

12 Galvanic

stimulation-

motor points

Practicals

(revision)



Clayton’s

electrotherapy

Angela Foster

Pages 70-78

Practic

al

Manual

page no

33-34

Practical

revision

13 Faradic foot

bath

Practicals

Perform faradic foot bath on

model

Clayton’s

electrotherapy

Angela Foster

Pages 90-96

Practic

al

manual

Practical

demonstrat

ion

52

page no

19,20

14 Faradism

under

pressure

Practicals Demonstrate FUP for UL & LL Practic al

manual

page no

21

Practical

demonstrat

ion

15 types of

stimulators

Seminar Clinical electro

physiology

- Andrew

Robinson Pages 27-50

16 Components

of NMES

Seminar Clinical electro

physiology

- Andrew

Robinson Pages

27-50

17 FG test & SD

Curve

didactic interpret results of FG test, SD

curve and differentiate normal

& abnormal curves

Electrotherapy

explained

Low and Reid

Pages 124-129

Clayton’s

electrother

apy Angela

Foster

Pages 90- 96

Practic al

manual

page no

19,20

Assignme

nt

18 SD Curve practicals perform SD curve, with

differentiation of normal and

abnormal SD curves

Clayton’s

electrotherapy

Angela Foster

Pages 90-96

Practic al

manual

page no

40

19 Faradic &

Galvanic

stimulation

Practicals

(revision)

Demonstra

tion

20 SD Curve practicals Interpret different types of

curves

Demonstra

tion on

patients

53

Sample questions

54

Mention different types of electric stimulators?

Name different parts of NMES?

Describe the procedure of . faradic foot bath?

Mention merits and demerits of SD curve?

What is rheobase & chronaxie?

Types of nerve lesions?

Differentiate different types of curves?

MODULE III- Syllabus

Superficial heating Modalities

1. Wax Therapy: Principle of Wax Therapy application – latent Heat, Composition of Wax Bath Therapy unit,

Methods of application of Wax, Physiological & Therapeutic effects, Indications & Contraindication, Dangers. [2

Hours]

2. Contrast Bath: Methods of application, Therapeutic uses, Indications & Contraindications.[1 Hour]

3. Moist Heat Therapy: Hydro collator packs – in brief, Methods of applications, Therapeutic uses, Indications &

Contraindications.[1hour].

4. Cyclotherm: Principles of production, Therapeutic uses, Indications & Contraindications. [1 Hour].

5. Fluidotherapy: Construction, Method of application, Therapeutic uses, Indications & Contraindications. [ 1

Hour]

6. Whirl Pool Bath: Construction, Method of Application, Therapeutic Uses, Indications& Contraindications. [1

Hour]

7. Magnetic Stimulation, Principles, Therapeutic uses, Indications & contraindication. [1 Hour].

55

8. Cryotherapy: Define- Cryotherapy, Principle- Latent heat of fusion, Physiological & Therapeutics effects,

Techniques of Applications, Indications & Contraindications, Dangers, Methods of application with dosages. [4

Hours]

Sample questions:

• Mention effects of heat on body?

• Effects and uses of wax bath and hydro collator packs?

• Methods of application of wax bath and hydro collator packs?

• Principles of use of cryotherapy?

• Principles of cyclotherm and fluidotherapy?

• Effects and contra indications of cryotherapy?

• Methods of application of cryotherapy?

• Explain the different methods of cold applications? Add a note on its precautions?

• What are the indications of whirlpool therapy?

• What is contrast bath? Mention any two uses of hot collateral packs?

• What is cyclotherm? What are the benefits of fluidotherapy?

• What are the different Methods of wax applications in post traumatic stiffness and its benefits?

LIST OF ASSIGNMENT MODULE III

SR.

NO.

ASSIGNMENT TOPIC

1 Physiological effects of rise in temperature on tissues

56

2 Therapeutic effects of contrast bath, cyclotherm and fluidotherapy

3 Principles of application and methods of application of cryotherapy

4 Rationale of use of superficial heating modalities to relieve pain

MODULE IV- Syllabus

Interferential Therapy:

• Define IFT, Principle of Production of IFT, Static Interference System, Dynamic Interference system,

Dosage Parameters for IFT, Electrode placement in IFT, Physiological & Therapeutic effects, Indications

& Contraindications. [2 Hour]

TENS:

• Define TENS, Types of TENS, Conventional TENS, Acupuncture TENS, Burst TENS, Brief & Intense

TENS, Modulated TENS. Types of Electrodes & Placement of Electrodes, Dosage parameters,

Physiological & Therapeutic effects, Indications & Contraindications. [3 Hours]

Pain:

• Define Pain, Theories of Pain (Outline only), Pain Gate Control theory in detail. [2 Hours]

57

58

Unit

No

Lesson name

Type of

instruction

Learning

Objectives

Prescribed

Reference

Reference

Practical

reference

Method of

assessment

1

Pain gate theory

Didactic

Tp

Explain the

mechanism of pain

relief by pain gate

theory

*Clinical electro

therapy Roger M

Nelson Pages 210-

214;

* Electrotherapy

explained Low and

Reid Pages 78-80

Assignment

2 TENS-

• Definition

• Types effects

• Uses

• Dangers

• C/I

Didactic

Tp

Describe the

• principles of

application

of TENS

• Types of

TENS

• Uses

• Dangers

*Clinical

electrotherapy

Nelson Pages 209-

210

* Electrotherapy

explained Low and

Reid Pages 46-48,

80-84, 96-97

Experiments &

demonstrations

in Physiotherapy

-Stephen Dicarlo

Pages 74 to 77

MCQ

3 TENS- methods of

application

Practicals

(demonstration)

Application of

TENS for different

case scenarios

*Electrotherapy

explained Low and

Reid Pages 92-96;

*Clinical

electrotherapy

Nelson Pages 216-

226

Practical

manual

page no

94-95

Practical

demonstration

4 TENS- methods of

application

Practicals

(supervised)

Apply TENS for

different case

scenarios

*Electrotherapy

explained Low and

Reid Pages 92-96;

Practical

manual

Practical

demonstration

59

*Clinical

electrotherapy

Nelson Pages 216-

226

page no

94-95

5 TENS- methods of

application

Practicals

(supervised

practise)

Apply TENS for

different case

scenarios

*Electrotherapy

explained Low and

Reid Pages 92-96;

*Clinical

electrotherapy

Nelson Pages 216-

226

Practical

manual

page no

94-95

Practical

demonstration

60

6 IFT-

• Definition

• Principles of

production

• Interference

system

Theory

&

Seminar

Describe the

principles of

production of IFT

*Electrotherapy

explained Low and

Reid Pages 101-

104

* Clayton’s

electrotherapy

Angela Foster

Pages 107-108

Practical

demonstration

7 IFT-

• Dosage

• Effects &uses

• Contraindications

Theory

Explain the effects

and uses & dosage of

IFT on tissues

*Electrotherapy

explained Low and

Reid Pages 105-

109;

* Clayton’s

electrotherapy

Angela Foster

Pages 109-110

Practical

demonstration

8 IFT-

• Methods of

application

• Placement of

electrodes

Practicals

(demonstration)

Demonstrate the

application of IFT

Clayton’s

electrotherapy

Angela Foster

Pages 110-111

Practical

manual

page no

96-97

61

9 IFT

• Methods of

application

• Placement of

electrodes

Practicals-

(supervised)

Demonstrate

methods of IFT

application

Practical

manual

page no

96-97

62

10 IFT

• Methods of

application

• Placement of

electrodes

Practicals-

(supervised

practise)

Demonstrate

methods of IFT

application

Practical

manual

page no

96-97

SAMPLE QUESTIONS:

• Principle of pain relief by pain gate theory?

• Different types of TENS and uses?

• Method of application of TENS for pain relief?

63

• Define IFT and principles of production?

• Dosage of IFT. Contra-indications and uses of IFT?

• Method of application of IFT?

• Describes uses of IFT in stress incontinences?

• How TENS does help in management of back pain?

• Describe pain modulation by TENS?

• What is beat frequency in IFT?

• What is stereo dynamic interference field?

• What is conventional TENS?

• What are the indication and contraindication of IFT and describe about its application on shoulder?

• Name different parts of NMES?

• Mention different types of electric stimulators?

LIST OF ASSIGNMENT

SR.NO ASSIGNMENT TOPIC

1 Principles of IFT production, dosage parameters in acute, sub-acute and chronic conditions

2 Pain relief by pain gate theory

3 Rationale and dosage of TENS in different painful syndromes

64

MODULE V

- SWD

- PEME

- MWD

- IRR

Detailed Lesson Plan

Unit No Lesson name Type of

instruction

Learning objectives-

at the end of the

lesson, the student

must be able to

References Test

question

Unit 1 SWD- definition &

principles of production

Theory explain the

principles of

production of SWD

Electrotherapy explained

Low and Reid Pages 240-

245; Clayton’s

electrotherapy Angela

Foster Pages 114-117

Production

of SWD

Unit 2 Methods of Heat

Production by SWD,

Types of SWD Electrode

and effects

Theory explain physiological

&therapeutic effects of

SWD on tissues, types

of SWD electrodes



246; Clayton’s



Types of

electrodes

in SWD.

Effects and

uses of

SWD

Unit 3 Methods of application of

SWD, spacing & types of

electrodes, Tuning, testing

and dosage

Practicals describe the methods

of application of SWD;

must know how to test

apparatus



252; Clayton’s


Foster pages 134-137

Practical manual page no39.

Methods of

application

of SWD

Dosage of

SWD

65







apparatus



252; Clayton’s



Practical manual page no39.







apparatus



252; Clayton’s


Foster pages 134-137 Practical manual page no39.

Unit 6 Effects & uses of SWD,

dangers & C/I

Theory explain the

physiological and

therapeutic effects,

dangers and C/I of

SWD



249; 261-265; Clayton’s



Unit 7 PEME Theory highlight the principles

of application of

PEME on tissues



272;

Clayton’s electrotherapy

Angela Foster pages 145-

146

What is

PEME?

Unit 8 MWD- definition,

production, effects & uses,

types of emitters, dangers

& C/I, dosage

Theory highlight the principles

of production of

MWD, with its

physiological and

therapeutic effects and

uses, C/I



301; Clayton’s



Effects and

uses of

MWD.

What is

magnetron?

Dosage of

MWD.

Unit 9 IRR- definition, types of

generators & production

Theory explain the principles

of production of IRR,

differentiate types of

IRR generators



307; Clayton’s



Production

of IRR.

Types of

IRR generators.

Unit 10 IRR- methods of

application, dosage & C/I,

effects & uses

Theory elaborate the methods

of application, with

dosage & C/I of IRR



310; Clayton’s


Effects and

uses and

contra

66

Foster Pages 149-150, 152-

154.

indications

of IRR.

Unit 11 IRR- method of application

& dosage

Practicals demonstrate

application of IRR

the Electrotherapy explained


312; Clayton’s


Foster Pages 150-152,

Experiments &

demonstrations in

Physiotherapy- Stephen Dicarlo Pages 43-45, 52.

Dosage

IRR

of

Unit 12 IRR- method of application

& dosage

Practicals demonstrate

application of IRR

the Electrotherapy explained


312; Clayton’s


Foster Pages 150-152,

Experiments &

demonstrations in

Physiotherapy- Stephen

Dicarlo Pages 43-45, 52.

SAMPLE QUESTIONS:

• Explain the production of SWD with circuit diagram? Mention about its therapeutics effects?

• Mention the dangers and contraindication of MWD?

• What are the physiological and therapeutic effects of MWD?

• Describe the methods of SWD application in Pelvic inflammatory diseases?

• What is the role of diode value in SWD?

• Describe contraindication of IRR?

• Classify visible and IR radiations?

67

• Describes PEME?

• What is the importance of spacing in SWD?

LIST OF ASSIGNMENT MODULE V

SR. NO. ASSIGNMENT TOPIC

1 Dosage parameter of SWD in subacute and chronic conditions

2 Types of IRR generators, Dosage parameters of IRR application

3 various methods of application of SWD for shoulder joint

MODULE VI

- Bio-feedback

68

- NCV

- EMG

Detailed lesson plan

Unit No Lesson name Instructor Type of

instruction

Learning

objectives- at the

end of the lesson,

the student must

be able to

Reference Test question

Unit 1 Bio

feedback-

applications

and uses

Theory explain the concept

of bio-feedback,

with its uses


Low and Reid Pages

134-143

Principles of bio

feedback and

uses.

Unit 2 Biofeedback-

effectiveness

Theory elaborate the effects

of application of bio

feedback


Low and Reid Pages

144-146; Clinical

electrophysiology

Andrew Robinson Pages 394-397

Unit 3 Biofeedback- Practicals Demonstrate

working of

biofeedback

equipment

Clinical

electrophysiology

Andrew Robinson Pages

394-397

Unit 4 Biofeedback- Practicals Demonstrate

working of

biofeedback

equipment

Clinical

electrophysiology


394-397

Unit 5 NCV-

components

Theory identify the

components of

NCV apparatus

Electrophysiology


410-422

Components of

NCV

Unit 6 NCV-

procedure

and

Theory perform the

procedure of NCV;

differentiate

Electrophysiology


423-441

Procedure of

NCV and

interpretation of

results

69

interpretation

of results

between normal and

abnormal findings

Unit 7 NCV-

procedure

and

interpretation

of results

Practicals perform the

procedure of NCV;

differentiate

between normal and

abnormal findings

Electrophysiology


423-441

Unit 8 NCV-

procedure

and

interpretation

of results

Practicals perform the

procedure of NCV;

differentiate

between normal and

abnormal findings

Electrophysiology


423-441

Unit 9 EMG Theory explain the

principles of EMG,

with interpretation

of results

Electrotherapy in

Rehabilitation Meryl

Roth Gersh Pages 292-

304; Clinical

electrophysiology


390-395, Experiments &

demonstrations in

Physiotherapy - Stephen Dicarlo Pages 59-62.

SAMPLE QUESTIONS:

What is EMG? What is its effect in physiotherapy?

Describe NCV? and explain the procedure of NCV for median nerve?

70

Describe biofeedback? What is the role of EMG biofeedback?

LIST OF ASSIGNMENTS


1 NCV procedure and interpretation of results

2 Principles and uses of biofeedback

3 EMG and application of EMG in therapeutics

71

MODULE VII- Syllabus

Ultrasound: Define Ultrasound, Frequency, Piezzo Electric effects: Direct, Reverse, Production of US, Treatment Dosage parameters: Continuous & Pul

Attenuation, Coupling Media.

Thermal effects, Non thermal effects, principles & application of US: direct contact, water bag, water bath, solid sterile gel pack method for wound

Uses of US, Indications & Contraindications, Dangers of Ultrasound.

Phonophoresis: Define Phonophoresis, Methods of application, Commonly used drugs, Uses. Dosages of US. [8 Hours]

UVR: Define UVR, Types of UVR, UVR generators: High pressure mercury vapour lamp, Water cooled mercury vapour lamp, tube, Theraktin tunnel, P

Physiological & Therapeutic effects. Sensitizers& Filters.

Test dosage calculation. Calculation of E1, E2, E3, E4 doses. Indications, contraindications. Dangers. Dosages for different therapeutic effects,

Distance in UVR lamp [8 Hours]

LASER: Define LASER. Types of LASER.Principles of production. Production of LASER by various methods.

Methods of application of LASER. Dosage of LASER. Physiological & Therapeutic effects of LASER.

Safety precautions of LASER. Classifications of LASER. Energy density & power density [8 Hours]

72

Unit

No

Lesson name

Type of

instructio

n

Learning objectives-

at the end of the

lesson, the student

must be able to

Prescribed

Reference

Reference

Pract

ical

refere

nce

Method of

assessment

1. UVR-

definition,

principles of

production

Didactic

Tp

state the principles

of production of UVR

Electrotherap

y explained

-Low &Reid

Pages 331-

332

Clayton’s

electrotherapy

-Angela Foster

Pgs 180-182

Assignment

2. UVR- types

of generators,

PUVA

apparatus

Didactic

Tp

Differentiate different

types of UV generators

Electrotherap

y explained

-Low &Reid

Pages 361-

361

Clayton’s

electrotherapy

-Angela Foster

Pgs 183-185

Assignment

3. UVR- test

dose

Practicals perform test dose of

UVR

Electrotherap

y explained

-Low &Reid

Pages 355- 359

Clayton’s

electrotherapy

-Angela Foster

Pgs 191-193.

Practic

al

manua

l pg no

35.

Practicals

4. Physiological

and

therapeutic

Effects,

dangers,

contra

indications of UVR

Didactic

Tp

State uses,

uses, dangers and C/L

of UVR

Electrotherap

y explained

-Low &Reid

Pages 341-

354; 361-

364, 367-369

Clayton’s

electrotherapy

-Angela Foster

Pgs 185-191.

assignment

5. UVR-

sensitizers &

filters

Didactic

Tp

state what are

sensitizers & filters in

UVR

Electrotherap

y explained

-Low and

Reid Pages

365-366.

assignment

73

6. UVR test

dose

calculation

Practicals

(revision)

Demonstrate UVR test

dose & E1 calculation

7. UVR revision Seminar

8. UST-

definition &

principles

of production

Didactic

Tp

explain principles of

production of UST

Electrotherap

y explained

-Low and

Reid Pages

149-153;

Clayton’s

electrotherapy

-Angela Foster

Pages 165-168.

assignment

9. UST- fields,

attenuation,

Coupling

media

Didactic

Tp

State what are the

different fields of US,

What is attenuation &

importance of coupling

media

Electrotherap

y explained

-Low and

Reid Pages

154-158

Clayton’s

electrotherapy

-

Angela Foster

Pages 168-172.

assignment

10. UST-

methods of

application,

Dosage

parameters

Practicals Demonstrate different

methods of application

of US with dosage

Electrotherap

y explained

-Low and

Reid Pages

166-175

Clayton’s

electrotherapy

Pages 177-179.

Practic

al

manua

l page

no 38

Practicals

11. Physiological

& therapeutic

effects, uses

of US

Dangers &

contra

indications

Didactic

Tp

State effects & uses,

dangers, contra

indications of UST

Electrotherap

y explained

Low and

Reid Pages

158-166

Clayton’s

electrotherapy

Angela Foster

Pages 172-176.

assignment

12. Phonophoresi

s in UST

Didactic state the principles and Electrotherap

y explained

assignment

74

procedure of

Phonophoresis

Low and

Reid Pages

163-164.

13. Common

drugs used in

Phonophoresi

s and method

of application

Didactic identify different drugs

used in Phonophoresis

and their effects

Electrotherap

y explained

Low and

Reid Pages

164-166.

MCQ

14. LASER-

introduction,

principles &

types of LASER

Didactic State principles of

production & types of

LASER

Electrotherap

y explained

Low & Reid

Pages 316- 322

Assignment

15. Therapeutic

uses,

principles of

application &

Contra

indications of

LASER

Didactic State principles of

application, uses &

contra indications of

LASER

Electrotherap

y explained

Low & Reid

Pages 323-

328

Assignment

16. LASER-

dosage

calculation

Practicals Calculate dosage of

LASER for different

conditions

Practic

al

manua

l page

34

Practicals

Sample question

• Mention principles of production of UVR?

• Mention different types of UV generators?

• Explain effects & C/I of UVR?

• What are sensitizers and filters in UVR?

• What is Piezzo electric effect?

75

• Explain production of UST?

• What are near and far fields in US. Importance of using coupling media?

• What is standing wave?

• Explain dosage calculation of UST?

• What are the effects and uses of UST?

• Explain principles of Phonophoresis?

• Name drugs used in phonophoresis?

• Explain principles of production of LASER?

• Mention different types of LASER?

• Mention effects and uses of LASER?

• Mention contra-indications of LASER?

LIST OF ASSIGNMENT MODULE VII

SR. NO. ASSIGNMENTS TOPICS

1 Test dose of UVR

2 Physiological and therapeutic effects of UVR on skin conditions with appropriate dosage

3 Dosage rationale of US for different conditions

4 Methods of application of US

5 Properties of LASER; Principles of LASER production

6 LASER dosage calculation

76

MODULE VIII

- CPM

- TRACTION

- TREADMILL

- TILT TABLE

- BODY WEIGHT SUPPORT

- VIBRARTOR

- MAGNETIC STIMULATION

- BIO FEEDBACK

The following units are of one hour duration

Unit

no

Name of lesson Instructor Type

instruction

of Learning objective- at the

end of the lesson, the

student must be able to

Test question

Mechanism of

working of

Unit

1

Principles

working of CPM

of Practical

Demonstration

Must be able to demonstrate

the working of CPM with its

benefits

CPM

Unit

2

Principles of

working of Traction

Practical

Demonstration


the working of traction, types

and uses

Traction

Unit

3

Principles

working

Treadmill

of

of

Practical

Demonstration


the working of treadmill

Treadmill

77

Unit

4

Principles of

working of Tilt

table

Practical

Demonstration


the working of tilt table

Tilt table

Unit

5

Principles of

working of body

weight support

Practical

Demonstration


the working of weight support

Body weight

support

Unit

6

Principles of

working of Vibrator

Practical

Demonstration


the working of vibrator

Vibrator

Unit

7

Principles of

working of

Magnetic

stimulator

Practical

Demonstration


the working of magnetic

stimulation

Magnetic

stimulator

Unit

8

Principles of

working of Bio

feedback

Practical

Demonstration


working of bio feedback

Bio feedback

SAMPLE QUESTIONS:

Principles of working of Bio feedback?

Principles of working of magnetic stimulator?

Principles of working of vibrator?

Principles of working of traction?

Principles of working of CPM?

78

ELECTROTHERAPY BOOK LIST

LIST OF ASSIGNMENTS MODULE VIII


1 Biofeedback and various methods of biofeedback with its importance’s

2 Traction and physiological and mechanical mechanism behind given traction

3 Types of traction and its applicability on various joints

4 CPM and its importance with application to various conditions and joints

Sl Title Author Editio Year No of Recomme

no

First

Second

n copies nded

1 Electrotherapy explained Principles & Low John Reed Ann 3rd 2000 05

RGUHS Practice

4th 2002 01

2nd 1993 01

2 Clinical Electrotherapy Nelson Roger Haypes 3rd 1999 04 Reference

M Karen W

79

3 Electrotherapy in Rehabilitation Mery Roth 1st 1989 01 Reference

Geresh

4 Physical agents modalities Barcciano 1st 2000 01 Reference

Alferd G

5 Claytons Electrotherapy Kitchen Sheila Bazin 10th 2001 03 RGUHS

Sarah

6

Principles of Electronics

Mehta VK

7th

2001

01

Reference

7 TB of Applied Electronics Seedha RS

2nd 2001 05 Reference

8 Claytons Electrotherapy –Theory & Forster Angela Palastanga 8th 1987 02

Reference Practice Nigel

9th

2000

09

9 Thermal agents in rehabilitation Susan L 3rd 1986 01 RGUHS

Michlovitz

10 Principles and Practice of Electrotherapy Saeed 1st 2001 03 Reference

Ahamad

11 Physical agents : A Comprehensive text Bernadette Mehreteab 1st 1994 01 Reference

for PT Hecox Tsega

Andemica

el

80

12

Electrotherapy EBP

Sheila Kitchen

11th

2002

02

RGUHS

13 Electrotherapy in rehabilitation Merly Roth 1st 1992 01 Reference

Gersh

14 Basics of Electrotherapy Subash Khatri

1st 2003 03 Reference

15 Therapeutic physical modalities Shankar Randall 1st 2002 01 Reference

Kamal Kenneth

D

16 Integrating Physical Agents in Hecox Mehreteab 2nd 2006 01 Reference

Rehabilitation Bernadette Tserg

Andemica

17 TB of Electrotherapy Singh 2nd 2012 04

Reference Jagmohan

1st 2005 01

3rd 2015 02

18 A Physical agents; Theory & Practice for Behrens, Michlovit 1st 1996 01 RGUHS

P.T Assistant Barber. J z Susan L

19 Practical Electrotherapy :A guide to safe Fox john Sharp Tim 1st 2007 01 Reference

81

application

20 Electrotherapy simplified Nanda 1st 2008 01 Reference

Basanth

Kumar

21 Physical agents in rehabilitation Cameron , 3rd 2009 01 RGUHS

Michellle.H

22 Clinical electrophysiology and Robinson , 01 Reference

electrotherapy Andrew.J

23 Electrical stimulation: Iontophorosis , Volume 4 1st 1993 01 Reference

Management of paralysis & use for other

medical condition

24 Physical agent in Physiotherapy, Solomen Aaron 1st 2017 01 Reference

Principles & Practice Subin Pravin

25 Physical Modalities: A primer for Hooper Paul 1st 2014 01 Reference

chiropractic D

82

MICRO BIOLOGY

83

Table of contents

Sl No Topics


2. Recommended text books

3. Module I- General Microbiology

4. Module II- Immunology

5. Module III- Bacteriology

6. Module IV- General Virology

7. Module V- Mycology

8. Module VI- Clinical/ Applied Microbiology

Prescribed Syllabus, RGUHS

1. General Microbiology [5 Hours]

Definitions: infections, parasite, host, vector, fomite, contagious disease, infectious disease,epidemic, endemic,

pandemic, Zoonosis, Epizootic, Attack rate.

Normal flora of the human body.

Routes of infection and spread; endogenous and exogenous infections;

Source at reservoir of infections.

Bacterial cell. Morphology limited to recognizing bacteria in clinical samples Shape, motility andarrangement.

Structures, which are virulence, associated.

Physiology: Essentials of bacterial growth requirements.

Sterilization, disinfection and universal precautions in relation to patient care and diseaseprevention.

Definition of asepsis, sterilization and disinfection.

Antimicrobials: Mode of action, interpretation of susceptibility tests, resistance spectrum of activity.

2. Immunology [5 Hours]

Basic principles of immunity immunobiology : Lymphoid organs and tissues. Antigen, Antibodies, antigen and

antibody reactions with relevance to pathogenesis and serological diagnosis.

Humoral immunity and its role in immunity Cell mediated immunity and its role in immunity.

Imunology of hypersensitivity.Measuring immune functions.

84

3. Bacteriology [12 Hours]

Introduction to bacteriology: Morphology, classification according to pathogenicity, mode of transmission,

methods of prevention, collection and transport of samples for laboratory diagnosis and interpretation of laboratory

reports.

Staphylococci,

Streptococci and Pneumococci,

Mycobacteria: Tuberculosis, M.leprae, atypical mycobacteria

Enterobacteriaceae,Vibrois : V. cholerae and other medically important vibrios, Campylobacters and

Helicobacters,Pseudomonas,Bacillus anthracis,Sporing and non-sporing anaerobes: Clostridia, Bacteroides and

Fusobacteria.

4. General Virology [8 Hours]

General properties: Basic structure and broad classification of viruses. Pathogenesis and pathology of viral

infections.

Immunity and prophylaxis of viral diseases.

Principles of laboratory diagnosisof viral diseases.

List of commonly used antiviral agents.

5. Mycology [3 Hours]

General properties of fungi.

Classification based on disease: superficial, subcutaneous and deep

mycosel opportunistic infections including Mycotoxins, systemic mycoses.

General principles of fungal diagnosis and Rapid diagnosis.

Method of collection of samples.

Antifungal agents.

6. Clinical / Applied Microbiology [12 Hours]

Streptococcal infections: Rheumatic fever and Rheumatic heart disease,

Meningitis.

Tuberculosis,

Pyrexia of unknown origin,

leprosy,

Sexually transmitted diseases,

Poliomyelitis,

85

Hepatitis,

Acute-respiratory infections,

Central nervous System infections,

Urinary tract infections,

Pelvic inflammatory disease,

Wound infection,

Opportunistic infections,HlV infection,Malaria,Filariasis,Zoonotic diseases.

DETAILED LESSON PLAN

MODULE I:

General Microbiology

Short text book of Medical Microbiology, Sathish Gupta, 7th Edition pages 3-74

Unit No Lesson name Learning objectives- at the end of the lesson, the


Test question


microbiology

Explain about general essential terms like

Infections, parasite, host, vector, fomite,

contagious disease, infectious disease,

epidemic, endemic, pandemic, Zoonosis,

Epizootic, and Attack rate

Define infection, parasite,

host, vector, fomite,

epidemic, endemic,

Zoonosis.

Unit 2 Routes and source of

infection

Explain about the Normal flora of the human

body and various routes of infection and spread

like endogenous and exogenous infections and

also source at reservoir of infections.

Different routes of infection

and spread of infections.

Unit 3 Bacterial cell Describe about bacterial cell morphology

limited to recognizing bacteria in clinical

samples shape, motility and

Arrangement and also structures which are

virulence and associated.

Describe about bacterial cell

morphology.

Unit 4 Physiology Describe about the Essentials of bacterial growth requirements

What are the essential factors for growth of bacteria?

Unit 5 Sterilization and Explain about Sterilization, disinfection and What is sterilization,

86

disinfection universal precautions in relation to patient care

and disease

Prevention and also definition of asepsis,

sterilization, disinfection.

disinfection and universal

precautions to patient care?

Unit 6 Antimicrobials Explain about antimicrobials, its Mode of

action, interpretation of susceptibility tests and

resistance spectrum of activity.

What is antimicrobial?

Mention mode of action of

them.

SAMPLE QUESTIONS:

What are the chemical methods of sterilization?

What is a bacterial capsule?

Define a bacterial spore?

What is Autoclave?

Explain Zoonosis diseases?

Explain Hot air oven.

What is selection of enrich medium?

What are Gaseous disinfectants?

MODULE II

87

IMMUNOLOGY

Short text book of Medical Microbiology, Sathish Gupta, 7th Edition, pages 91-158

Unit No Lesson name Learning objectives- at the end of the lesson, the student must be

able to

Test

question

Unit 1 Principles of

immunity

immunobiology

Describe about basic principles about immunity and immunobiology

including lymphoid organs and tissues.

What are

the

principles

of

immunity?

Unit 2 Antigen and

Antibodies

Explain about antigen, antibodies, antigen and antibody reactions with

relevance to pathogenesis and serological diagnosis

What are

antigens,

antibodies

and their

reactions?

Unit 3 Humoral

immunity

Describe about humoral immunity and its role in immunity Cell

mediated immunity and also its role in immunity

Unit 4 Immunology of

hypersensitivity

Explain about hypersensitivity immunology What is

hypersensit

ivity

immunolog

y? Unit 5 Immune functions Describe about immune function measurement.

SAMPLE QUESTIONS:

What is Acquired immunity?

What are the Properties of antigens?

What is Hypersensitivity?

Describe the immune function assessment.

88

MODULE III

Bacteriology

Short text book of Medical Microbiology, Sathish Gupta, 7th Edition pages 159-292

Unit

No

Lesson name Learning objectives- at the end of the lesson, the student

must be able to

Test question

Unit

1

Introduction to

Bacteriology

Explain about the Morphology, classification according to

pathogenicity, mode of transmission, methods of prevention,

collection and transport of samples for laboratory diagnosis,

interpretation of laboratory reports.

Give the

classification of

pathogenicity and

mode of

transmission of

bacteria.

Unit

2

Staphylococci Describe about staphylococcus, its morphology,

classification, pathogenicity, modes of transmissions,

methods of preventions, collection and laboratory diagnosis

and also its interpretations

Describe

staphylococcus,

morphology,

classification and

mode of transmission of it.

Unit

3

Streptococci Describe about streptococcus , its morphology, classification,

pathogenicity, modes of transmissions, methods of

preventions, collection and laboratory diagnosis and also its

interpretations

Describe

streptococcus,

morphology,

classification and


Unit

4

Pneumococcal Describe about pneumococcal , its morphology,


methods of preventions, collection and laboratory diagnosis

and also its interpretations

Describe

pneumococcus,

morphology,

classification and


Unit

5

Mycobacterium Describe about mycobacterium including Tuberculosis,

M.leprae, atypical mycobacteria, Enterobacteriaceae , its

morphology, classification, pathogenicity, modes of

transmissions, methods of preventions, collection and

What are

mycobacterium

tuberculosis,

leprae and entero

89

laboratory diagnosis and also its interpretations bacteria.

Unit

6

Vibrois Describe about vibrois including V. Cholera,

Campylobacters and Helicobacters, Pseudomonas , its

morphology, classification, pathogenicity, modes of

transmissions, methods of preventions, collection and

laboratory diagnosis and also its interpretations

What is Vibrois?

Unit

7

Sporing and

non-sporing

anaerobes

Describe about sporing and non sporing including Clostridia,

Bacteroides and Fusobacteria , its morphology,


methods of preventions, collection and laboratory diagnosis and also its interpretations

What are sporing

and non sporing

anaerobes?

SAMPLE QUESTIONS:

What are Gram positive bacteria?

Explain the diagnosis of streptococous pneumonia.

Explain the Lab diagnosis of tetanus.

Describe the morphology pathogenecity and lab diagnosis of cornybacterium?

What are Koch’s postulates?

Mention the Prophylaxis against tetanus?

What is Pasteurization?

90

MODULE IV

General Virology


Unit No Lesson name Learning objectives- at the end of the lesson, the


Test question

Unit 1 General properties of

virology

Describe about the basic structure and broad classification

of viruses

Mention structure

and classification of

viruses.

Unit 2 Pathogenesis and

pathology

Explain about the pathogenesis and pathology of viral

infections

Unit 3 Immunity and

prophylaxis

Explain about the immunity and prophylaxis of viral

diseases

Explain immunity

and prophylaxis for

viral diseases.

Unit 4 Laboratory diagnosis Describe about the principles of laboratory diagnosis of

viral diseases

Unit 5 Common antiviral

agents

Describe about the list of commonly used antiviral agents

SAMPLE QUESTIONS:

What is HIV?

Describe the morphology, modes of transmission, and lab diagnosis of HIV? Add note on universal

precaution?

Enumerate virus causing hepatitis? Describe the pathogenesis and lab diagnosis of hepatitis B virus?

Describe Hepatitis A virus?

Mention the Prophylaxis of hepatitis of B?

91

MODULE V

MYCOLOGY


Unit No Lesson name Learning objectives- at the end of the lesson, the student must be able

to

Test

question

Unit 1 General

properties

Explain about the properties of fungi Mention

properties

of fungi

Unit 2 Classification Describe about the classification on the basis of diseases involving

superficial, subcutaneous, deep mycosel opportunistic infections like

Mycotoxins, systemic mycoses.

Unit 3 Diagnosis Describe about the general principles of fungal diagnosis and rapid

diagnosis

Describe

general

principles

of fungal

diagnosis

and rapid

diagnosis.

Unit 4 Sample

collection

Describe about the method of collection of samples

Unit 5 Antifungal

agents

Explain about the common antifungal agents

SAMPLE QUESTIONS:

Mention the classification of fungi based on disease caused.

What do you mean by Candidiatis?

Describe the antifungal agents?

92

MODULE VI

CLINICAL/APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY


Unit No Lesson name Learning objectives- at the end of the lesson, the student must be

able to

Test

questions

Unit 1 Streptococcal

infections

Explain about the streptococcal infections including Rheumatic fever and

Rheumatic heart disease

What are

streptoco

ccal

infections ?

Unit 2 Meningitis Describe about Meningitis What is

meningiti

s? Unit 3 Tuberculosis Describe about Tuberculosis

Unit 4 Pyrexia Describe about Pyrexia of unknown origin

Unit 5 Leprosy Describe about Leprosy Mention

causes

and

managem

ent of leprosy.

Unit 6 Sexually

transmitted

diseases

Describe about Sexually transmitted diseases What are

sexually

transmitte

d

diseases?

Unit 7 Poliomyelitis Describe about Poliomyelitis Describe

poliomyel itis.

Unit 8 Hepatitis Describe about Hepatitis What are

different

types of

hepatitis?

Unit 9 Acute-respiratory

infections

Describe about Acute-respiratory infections What are

acute

respirator y

93

infections ?

Unit 10 CNS infections Describe about Central nervous System infections

Unit 11 Urinary tract

infections

Describe about Urinary tract infections What are

UT

infections ?

Unit 12 Pelvic

inflammatory

disease

Describe about Pelvic inflammatory disease What is

pelvic

inflamma

tory disease?

Unit 13 Wound infection Describe about Wound infection

Unit 14 Opportunistic

infections

Describe about Opportunistic infections

Unit 15 HlV infection Describe about HlV infection

Unit 16 Malaria Describe about Malaria Mention

treatment

of

malaria. Unit 17 Filariasis Describe about Filariasis

Unit 18 Zoonotic diseases Describe about Zoonotic diseases

SAMPLE QUESTIONS:

Name the organisms causing UTI?

Define nosoccomial infections? Discuss th common infections encountered in the hospital? Add a note on

their prevention and control?

Mention the etiology of RTI?

What is anaphylaxis?

Define pyrexia or fever with unknowm origin? Discuss the lab diagnosis of typhoid fever.

What is Microfilaria?

What are E.coli?

Name the organism causing meningitis.

What is the Prophylaxis of DPT?

100

Recommended books/ Reference books in library

Sl Title Authors Edition Year No of Books

no copies

First Second Third

author author author

1 Test Book of Microbiology Ananathnar a Paniker

3rd 1986 05

RGUHS yan R C K 5th 1996 01

Jayaram 7th 2005 02

8th 2011 03

9th 2013 05

2 The Short Text book of Medical Gupte 10th 2010 09 RGUHS

Microbiology Satish 9th 2006 01

3 Test Book of Microbiology Baveja C.P 3rd 2009 06 RGUHS

5th 2016 02

4 Essentials of Medical Microbiology Sastry K Janagond 1st 2016 01 Reference

Apurba Sandhya Anand

Sankar Bhat

101

5 Essentials of Microbiology Kumar 1st 2016 01 Reference

Surinder

6 A .Test Book of Microbiology for Dr Wani 1st 2013 01 Reference

Physiotherapy Imtiyaz

7 Microbiology in Nursing Panjarathin 1st 2004 01 Reference

am .R

8 Microbiology Pelczar Chan 5th 2011 01 Reference

.J.Michael .E.C.S

9 TB of practical Microbiology Parija 1st 2007 01 Reference

Subhash

Chandra

10 Text Book of Microbiology for M Shenoy Dominic 1st 2008 01 Reference

physiotherapy Suchitra Saldanh

a

11 Practical microbiology Baveja C.P 1st 2006 01 Reference

12 Manual of Laboratory Tests Chella June Watson 1st 2004 01 Reference

H Juanita

102

PATHOLOGY

103

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Sl No Topics


2. Recommended text books

3. Module I

4. Module II

5. Module III

6. Module IV

7. Module V

8. Module VI

9. Module VII

10. Module VIII

11. Module IX

12. Module X

13. Module XI

14. Module XII

15. Module XIII

16. Module XIV

17. Module XV

18. Module XVI

19. Module XVII

104

Prescribed Syllabus, RGUHS

General Pathology

1. Introduction to Pathology [1 Hour]

2. Cell injuries: [3 Hours]

Aetiology and Pathogenesis with a brief recall of important aspects of normal cell structure.

Reversible cell injury : Types, Sequential changes, Cellular swellings, vacuolation, Hyaline changes, Mucoid

changes.

Irreversible cell injury: Types of Necrosis, types of Gangrene and Autolysis.

Pathologic calcification: Dystrophic and Metastatic.

Intracellular Accumulations – Fatty changes, Protein accumulations and Glycogen accumulations,

Pigments – Melanin / Hemosiderin.

Extra cellular accumulations: Amyloidosis – Classification, Pathogenesis, Pathology including special stains.

3. Inflammation and Repair [3 Hours]

Acute inflammation: features, causes, vascular and cellular events.

Inflammatory cells and Mediators.

Chronic inflammation: Causes, Types, Classification nonspecific and granulomatous with examples.

Repair, Wound healing by primary and secondary union, factors promoting and delaying the process.

Healing in specific site including bone healing.

4. Immunopathology [2 Hours]

Immune system: General concepts.

Hypersensitivity: type and examples, antibody and cell mediated tissue injury with examples.

Secondary immunodeficiency including HIV infection.

Auto-immune disorders: Basic concepts and classification, SLE.

AIDS-Aetiology, Modes of transmission, Diagnostic procedures, handling of infected material and health

education.

5. Infectious diseases [3 Hours]

Mycobacterial diseases: Tuberculosis, Leprosy and Syphilis.

Bacterial disease: Pyogenic, Diphtheria, Gram negative infection and Bacillary dysentery.

Viral diseases: Poliomyelitis, Herpes, Rabies, Measles, Rickttsia, Chlamydial infection and HIV infection.

Fungal disease and opportunistic infections.

105

Parasitic diseases: Malaria, Filaria, Amoebiasis, Kala-azar, Cysticercosis, Hydatid cyst.

6. Circulatory Distrurbances [3 Hours]

Hyperemia/Ischemia and Haemorrhage

Edema: Pathogenesis and types.

Chronic venous congestion: Lung, Liver, Spleen, Systemic Pathology

Thrombosis and Embolism: Formation, Fate and Effects.

Infarction: Types, Common sites.

Shock: Pathogenesis, types, morphologic changes.

7. Growth Disturbances and Neoplasia [3 Hours]

Atrophy, Hypertrophy, Hyperplasia, Aplasia, Hypoplasia, Metaplasia, Malformation, agenesis, dysplasia.

Precancerous lesions.

Neoplasia: Definition, classification,

Biological behaviour : Benign and Malignant, Carcinoma and Sarcoma.

Malignant Neoplasia: Grades and Stages, Local & Distant spread.

Carcinogenesis: Environmental carcinogens, chemical, viral, occupational. Heredity and cellular oncogenes and

prevention of cancer.

Benign & Malignant epithelial tumoursEg. Squamous papilloma, Squamous cell carcinoma and Malignant

melanoma.

Benign & Malignant mesenchymal tumoursEg: Fibroma, Lipoma, Neurofibroma, Fibrosarcoma, Liposarcoma,

Rhabdo-myosarcoma, Teratoma.

8. Nutritional Disorders [1 Hour] - Protein energy malnutrition: Marasmus, Kwashiorkor, and Vitamin

deficiency disorders,classification with specific examples.

9. Genetic Disorders [1 Hour]

Basic concepts of genetic disorders and some common examples and congenital malformation.

Systemic pathology

10. Hematology [4 Hours]

Constituents of blood and bone marrow, Regulation of hematopoiesis.

Anemia: Classification, clinical features & lab diagnosis.

Nutritional anemias: Iron deficiency anemia, Folic acid,Vit. B 12 deficiency anemia including pernicious anemia.

Hemolytic Anaemias: Classification and Investigations.

Hereditary haemolyticanaemias: Thalessemia, Sickle cell anemia, Spherocytosis and Enzyme deficiencies.

Acquired hemolytic anaemias

i. Alloimmune, Autoimmune

106

ii. Drug induced, Microangiopathic

Pancytopenia - Aplastic anemia.

Hemostatic disorders, Vascular and Platelet disorders & lab diagnosis.

Coagulopathies - (i) Inherited (ii) Acquired with lab diagnosis.

Leukocytic disorders: Leukocytosis, Leukopenis, Leukemoid reaction.

Leukemia: Classification, clinical manifestation, pathology and Diagnosis.

Multiple myeloma and disproteinemias.

Blood transfusion; Grouping and cross matching, untoward reactions, transmissible infections including HIV &

hepatitis, Blood-components & plasma-pheresis.

11. Respiratory System [2 Hours]

Pneumonia, Bronchitis, Bronchiectasis, Asthma, Tuberculosis, Carcinoma of lungs, Occupational lung diseases.

12. Cardiovascular Pathology [2 Hours]

Congenital Heart disease: Atrial septal defect, Ventricular septal defect, Fallot's tetralogy, Patent ductus arteriosus.

Endocarditis.

Rheumatic Heart disease.

Vascular diseases: Atherosclerosis, monckeberg's medial calcification, Aneurysm and Arteritis

Tumours of Blood vessels.

Ischemic heart Disease: Myocardial infarction.

Hypertension and hypertensive heart Disease.

13. Alimentary tract [3 Hours]

Oral Pathology: Ulcers, leukoplakia, Carcinoma, oral cavity diseases and tumour of salivary gland, esophagus and

precancerous lesions, Esophagus inflammatory, functional disorders and tumours.

Stomach: Gastritis, Ulcer &Tumours.

Tumours and tumour like condition of the small and large Intestine: Polyps, carcinoid, carcinoma, Lymphoma.

Pancreatitis and pancreatic tumours :i) Exocrine, ii) Endocrine

Salivary gland tumours : Mixed, Warthin's

14. Hepato – biliary pathology [ 2 Hours]

Jaundice: Types, aetio-pathogenesis and diagnosis.

Hepatitis: Acute, Chronic, neonatal.

Alcoholic liver diseaseCirrhosis: Postnecrotic, Alcoholic, Metabolic and Portal hypertension

Liver abscesses; Pyogenic, parasitic and Amoebic.Tumours of Liver

15. Lymphatic System [ 2 Hours]

Diseases of the gall bladder: Cholecystitis, Cholelithiasis, Carcinoma.

Lymphadenitis - Non specific and granulomatous

Causes of Lymph Node enlargements.

Reactive Hyperplasia, Primary Tumours - Hodgkin's and Non hodgkin's Lymphomas, Metastatic Tumours,

107

Causes of Splenic Enlargements.

16. Musculoskeletal System [3 Hours]

Osteomyelitis, acute, chronic, tuberculous, mycetoma

Metabolic diseases: Rickets/Osteomalacia, osteoporosis, Hyperparathyroidism, Paget's disease.

Tumours Classification: Benign, Malignant, Metastatic and synovial sarcoma. Arthritis: Suppurative, Rheumatoid,

Osteoarthritis, Gout and Tuberculous.

17. Endocrine pathology [ 3 Hours]

Diabetes Mellitus: Types, Pathogenesis, Pathology, Laboratory diagnosis

Non-neoplastic lesions of Thyroid: Iodine deficiency goiter, autoimmune Thyroiditis, Thyrotoxicosis, myxedema,

Hashimoto's thyroiditis.

Tumours of Thyroid: Adenoma, Carcinoma: Papillary, Follicular, Medullary and Anaplastic.

Adrenal diseases: cortical hyperplasia, atrophy, tuberculosis, tumours of cortex and medulla.

18. Neuropathology [3 Hours]

Inflammations and Infections : TB Meningitis, Pyogenic Meningitis, viral meningitis and Brain Abscess

Tuberculosis, Cysticercosis CNS Tumors, Astrocytoma, Neuroblastoma, Meningioma and Medulloblastoma

19. Dermatopathology [1 Hour]

Skin tumors :Squamos cell carcinoma, Basal cell carcinoma and Melanoma

108


MODULE I:

Introduction to Pathology and Cell Injury

Reference: Text book of pathology: Harshmohan, 6th Edition, Pages 1-8, 21-60

Unit

No

Lesson name Learning objectives- at the end of the lesson, the


Test question

Unit 1 Introduction

to Pathology

Define of pathology; Differentiate between health

and disease; Terminology in pathology; Evolution of

pathology.

What is the difference

between health and

disease?

Unit 2 Cell injury

etiology and

pathogenesis

Explain different etiology of cell injury;

pathogenesis of cell injury; reversible and

irreversible types of cell injury.

What is cell injury?

Unit 3 Dystrophic

and metastatic

calcification

Explain about dystrophic and metastatic

calcification; differences between dystrophic and

metastatic calcification.

What is dystrophic and

metastatic calcification?

Unit 4 Intracellular

accumulation

And pigments

Describe about intracellular accumulation; protein

accumulation; glycogen accumulation and fatty

changes; pigments and its types: melanin and

haemosiderin.

Describe about

intracellular

accumulation.

Unit 5 Extracellular

accumulation

Explain extracellular accumulation; amyloidosis its

classification and pathogenesis.

SAMPLE QUESTION:

What is pathological calcification?

Define cell injury. Discuss the etiology and pathogenesis for the same.

Explain the morphology of reversible cell injury.

Describe the intracellular and extracellular accumulation.

109

MODULE II:

Inflammation and repair

Reference: Text book of pathology: Harshmohan 6thdition pages 130-173

Unit

No



Test question

Unit

1

Inflammation

and repair acute

inflammation

and

inflammatory

cells and mediators

Explain acute inflammation; its features and causes;

cellular and vascular events; what are the

inflammatory cells and its mediators.

What is inflammation?

What are mediators of

inflammation?

Unit

2

Chronic

inflammation

Explain about chronic inflammation its cause; types;

and classification with examples

Unit

3

Healing and

repair

Explain about healing, repair; wound healing and

special tissue healing.

Explain about healing

and repair

SAMPLE QUESTIONS:

Mention the factors affecting healing.

What are the chemical mediators of inflammation?

Write about the process of wound healing.

Describe the phases of bone healing.

Describe the different inflammatory mediators.

110

MODULE III:

Immunopathology

Reference: Text book of pathology: Harshmohan 6th Edition pages 61-92

Unit

No

Lesson name Learning objectives- at the end of the lesson,

the student must be able to

Test question

Unit

1

Immunity system

and

hypersensitivity reactions

Explain about immunity system in brief;

hypersensitivity reactions and its types with

examples

What are hypersensitivity

reactions?

Unit

2

Immunodeficiency

disorders and

autoimmune

disorders

Explain about immunodeficiency disorders with

an example AIDS; autoimmune disorders with

example SLE.

What are

immunodeficiency

disorders?

SAMPLE QUESTIONS:

What is Syphillis?

What is Opportunistic infection of HIV?

What is hypersensitivity type one reaction?

What are hypersensitivity reactions?

111

MODULE IV:

Infectious Diseases

Reference: Text book of pathology: Harshmohan 6th Edition, 174-193

Unit

No

Lesson name Learning objectives- at the

end of the lesson, the student

must be able to

Test question

Unit 1 Mycobacterial

diseases

Explain about mycobacterial

diseases like tuberculosis,

leprosy and syphilis.

What are mycobacterial diseases?

Unit 2 Bacterial

diseases

Explain about bacterial diseases

like Pyogenic, Diphtheria, Gram

negative infection and Bacillary

dysentery.

Unit 3 Viral diseases Explain about viral diseases like

Poliomyelitis, Herpes, Rabies,

Measles, Rickttsia, Chlamydial

infection and HIV Infection.

Mention about viral diseases.

Unit 4 Fungal

diseases and

opportunistic

infection

Explain about fungal diseases

and opportunistic infection.

What are opportunistic infections?

Unit 5 Parasite

diseases

Explain about parasite diseases

like Malaria, Filaria,

Amoebiasis, Kala-azar,

Cysticercosis and Hydatid cyst.

What are parasitic diseases?

SAMPLE QUESTIONS:

What is Tuberculosis?

Mention the pathology of development of Leprosy?

What is Malaria?

What is Filaria?

What is Kala-azar?

112

MODULE V:

Circulatory Disturbances

Reference: Text book of pathology: Harshmohan 6th Edition, pages 93-129

Unit

No

Lesson

name

Learning objectives- at the end of the lesson, the


Test question

Unit 1 Hyperemia,

ischemia

and

hemorrhage

Describe about hyperaemia, ischemia and

haemorrhage

Describe about

hyperaemia, ischemia and

haemorrhage

Unit 2 Edema Describe about oedema, its pathogenesis and types of

oedema

What is oedema?

Unit 3 Chronic

Venous

Congestion

Explain about chronic venous congestion in lung,

liver and spleen.

What is chronic venous

congestion?

Unit 4 Thrombosis

and

embolism

Explain about thrombosis and embolism, its

formation, fate and its effects.

What are thrombosis and

embolism?

Unit 5 Infraction Describe about infraction and common sites of

infraction.

What is infarction?

Unit 6 Shock Explain about shock, it’s Pathogenesis, types and

morphological changes occurring during shock.

Describe about shock, types

and morphological

changes.

SAMPLE QUESTIONS:

What is oedema? Classify add a note on cardiac oedema?

What is shock? Give example?

What is air embolism?Describe Embolism and types of embolism.

113

MODULE VI

Growth Disturbances and Neoplasm


Unit

No



Test question

Unit 1 Introduction

to growth disturbances

Describe about atrophy, hypertrophy, hyperplasia,

aplasia, hypoplasia, malformations, agenesis, and dysplasia.

What is aplasia and hypoplsia?

Unit 2 Precancerous

lesions

Explain about precancerous lesions. What are precancerous lesions?

Unit 3 Neoplasm Explain about neoplasm and classification of neoplasm Classify neoplasm.

Unit 4 Biological

behavior

Explain about biological behaviour of benign and

malignant and carcinoma and sarcoma.

Unit 5 Malignant

neoplasm

Describe about malignant neoplasm, about its stages

and grades, and also local and distant spread of

malignant neoplasm.

What is malignant neoplasm?

Unit 6 Carcinogenesis Describe about carcinogens and list different types like

environmental, chemical and viral carcinogens.

What are carcinogens and name

types of carcinogens?

Unit 7 Heredity and

cellular

oncogens and

prevention of

cancer.

Explain about heredity oncogens and cellular

oncogens; also about prevention of cancer.

Unit 8 Benign and

malignant

epithelial tumors

Explain about squamous papilloma, squamous cell

carcinoma and malignant melanoma.

Unit 9 Benign and

malignant

mesenchymal

tumors

Describe about benign and malignant mesenchymal

tumours like fibroma, lipoma, neurofibroma,

fibrosarcoma, liposarcoma, teratoma and rhabdo-

myosarcoma.

What is lipoma?

114

SAMPLE QUESTIONS:

What are the differences between benign and malignanttumours?

What is neoplasm? Give the classification of neoplasm.

What is Dysplasia?

What are Carcinogens?

115

MODULE VII

Nutritional Disorders and Genetic disorders


Unit No Lesson name Learning objectives- at the end of the lesson, the student must

be able to

Test question

Unit 1 Protein deficiency

disorders

Explain about proficiency disorders like Marasmus and

Kwashiorkor.

What are protein

deficiency

disorders?

Unit 2 Vitamin

deficiency

disorders

Describe about vitamin deficiency disorders with examples. What are Vitamin

deficiency

disorders?

Unit 3 Basic concept on

genetic disorders

Describe about genetic disorders with examples and also about

congenital malformations

What are

congenital

malformations?

SAMPLE QUESTIONS:

What is Protein energy malnutrition?

What are Vitamin A deficiency disorders?

What are Marasmus andKwashiorkor?

What are the genetic disorders with congenital malformation?

116

MODULE VIII

Hematology


Unit No Lesson name Learning objectives- at the end of the lesson, the student

must be able to

Test question

Unit 1 Bone and bone

marrow

constituents and haematopoiesis

List the constituents of bone and bone marrow; and also

describe the regulation of haematopoiesis

What is

haematopoiesis?

Unit 2 Anaemia Explain about anaemia; its classifications, clinical features

and laboratory diagnosis.

What is anaemia?

Unit 3 Nutritional

anemias

Explain about nutritional anemia like iron deficiency

anemia, folic acid anemia and vitamin B12 including

pernicious anemia

What is iron

deficiency anaemia?

Unit 4 Hemolytic anemias Explain about hemolytic anemia; its classification and

laboratory investigation

Unit 5 Hereditary

hemolytic anemias

Describe about hereditary hemolytic anemias like

Thalessemia, Sickle cell anemia, Spherocytosis and enzymes

deficiency anemia.

Unit 6 Acquired

hemolytic anemias

and Pancytopenia

Describe about the acquired type of hemolytic anemia; and

different types like alloimmune, autoimmune, drug induced

and microangiopathic; about pancytopenia and aplastic

anemia.

Unit 7 Hemostatic

disorders

Explain about hemostatic disorders and its lab investigations

Unit 8 Vascular and

Platelets disorders

Explain about vascular and platelets disorders and its lab

diagnosis; and also about coagulopathies and its laboratory

findings

Unit 9 Leukocytic

disorders

Describe about leukocytic disorders like leukocytosis,

leucopenis and leukomoid reactions.

Unit 10 Leukemeia Explain about leukemia, its classifications, clinical

manifestation, pathology and laboratory diagnosis.

Unit 11 Multiple myeloma

and

Disproteinemias

Explain about multiple myeloma and disproteinemias.

117

Unit 12 Blood transfusion Explain about blood transfusion, Grouping and cross

matching, untoward reactions, transmissible infections

including HIV & hepatitis, Blood-components and plasma-pheresis.

SAMPLE QUESTIONS:

What is Iron deficiency anaemia?

What is Pancytopenia?

Describe about Sickle cell anaemia.

What are the investigations in haemolytic anaemia?

Mention the diagnosis and screening for bleeding disorders.

118

MODULE IX

Respiratory System Pathology


Unit

No

Lesson name Learning objectives- at the end of the lesson,

the student must be able to

Test question

Unit 1 Pneumonia Explain about pneumonia with its pathology and

laboratory findings

What are the lab findings

in pneumonia?

Unit 2 Bronchitis Explain about bronchitis with its pathology and

laboratory findings

What is bronchitis?

Unit 3 Bronchiectasis Explain about bronchietasis with its pathology and

laboratory findings

Unit 4 Asthma Explain about asthma with its pathology and

laboratory findings

What is pathology and lab

findings in asthma?

Unit 5 Tuberculosis Explain about tuberculosis with its pathology and

laboratory findings

Unit 6 Carcinoma of

lungs

Explain about carcinoma of lungs with its

pathology and laboratory findings

What is Ca lungs?

Unit 7 Occupational

lung diseases

Explain about occupational lung diseases and

different occupational lung diseases with its

pathology and laboratory findings

What are occupational

lung diseases?

SAMPLE QUESTIONS:

What is Lobar pneumonia?

Explain pathophysiology and clinical features of Tuberculosis.

What is COPD? Mention its clinical features and management.

What is treatment of Bronchial asthma?

Mention clinical features and treatment of Lung cancer?

Mention various occupational lung diseases?

119

MODULE X

Cardiovascular system pathology


Unit No Lesson name Learning objectives- at the end of the lesson, the student must be able to

Test question

Unit 1 Congenital Heart

disease

Describe about congenital heart disease like Atrial septal defect,

Ventricular septal defect, Fallot's tetralogy, Patent ductus arteriosus

What are congenital heart diseases?

Unit 2 Endocarditis Describe about endocarditis, its pathology and laboratory diagnosis

What is endocarditis?

Unit 3 Rheumatic Heart disease

Describe about Rheumatic Heart disease , its pathology and laboratory diagnosis

What is RHD?

Unit 4 Vascular diseases Explain about vascular diseases like Atherosclerosis, monckeberg's medial calcification, Aneurysm and Arteritis and tumours of Blood vessels

What is atherosclerosis?

Unit 5 Ischemic heart Disease

Describe about Ischemic heart disease , its pathology and laboratory diagnosis and Myocardial infarction

What is IHD?

Unit 6 Hypertension and

hypertensive heart

Disease

Describe about hypertension and hypertensive heart diseases What i hypertension?

SAMPLE QUESTIONS:

Mention about investigations and management of Arteriosclerosis.

What is Septal defect?

Mention clinical features of PDA?

What is Rheumatic heart disease?

Describe pathology of Endocarditis?

What is IHD? What is Aneurysm?

Mention clinical features and complications of MI?

What is Hypertension?Mention the types of HTN.

120

MODULE XI

Alimentary System pathology



Test question

Unit 1 Oral Pathology Explain about oral pathology like Ulcers, leukoplakia, Carcinoma,

oral cavity diseases and tumour of salivary gland and esophagus and

precancerous lesions

What are leukoplakia,

Carcinoma of oesophagus and

precancerous lesions?

Unit 2 Esophagus

pathology

Explain about esophagus pathology like Esophagus inflammatory, functional disorders and tumours.

Unit 3 Stomach pathology Describe about stomach pathology including Gastritis, Ulcer and

Tumours.

What are gastritis, ulcer and

tumours of stomach?

Unit 4 Small and Large Intestine pathology

Describe about tumours of small and large intestine like Polyps, carcinoid, carcinoma and Lymphoma

What are polyps?

Unit 5 Pancreatitis and pancreatic tumours

Explain about pancreatitis and pancreatic tumours including Exocrine and Endocrine type

What is pancreatitis?

Unit 6 Salivary gland

tumours

Explain about salivary gland tumors including Mixed and Warthin's

SAMPLE QUESTIONS:

What is Gastritis?

Mention what is treatment of Warthin tumours?

What is Oesophagal carcinoma?

Mention clinical features of GERD.

What is the management of Peptic ulcer?

What is lymphoma?

121

MODULE XII

Hepato- Bilary Pathology



Test question

Unit 1 Jaundice Describe about jaundice, its Types, aetio-pathogenesis and diagnosis

Mention types an ddiagnosis of Jaundice.

Unit 2 Hepatitis Describe about hepatitis and also Acute, Chronic and neonatal hepatitis

What is acute, chronic and neonatal hepatitis?

Unit 3 Alcoholic liver disease

Describe about alcoholic liver disease its aetio-pathgenesis and diagnosis

What is alcoholic liver disease?

Unit 4 Cirrhosis Explain about cirrhosis, Postnecrotic, Alcoholic, Metabolic and Portal hypertension

What is cirrhosis of liver?

Unit 5 Liver abscesses Explain about liver abscesses including Pyogenic, parasitic and Amoebic liver abscess

What is pyogenic liver bscess?

Unit 6 Liver tumours Explain about tumors of liver and its pathogenesis and diagnosis.

SAMPLE QUESTIONS:

What is Jaundice? Mention its treatment.

What is Alcoholic liver disease? What is fatty liver?

What is the difference between Hepatitis A andHepatitis B?

What is Cirrhosis of liver?

Mention the tumors of liver.

122

MODULE XIII

Lymphatic system pathology


Unit No Lesson name Learning objectives- at the end of the lesson, the student

must be able to

Test question

Unit 1 Diseases of the gall

bladder

Explain about diseases of gall bladder with etiology,

pathogenesis and diagnosis like Cholecystitis, Cholelithiasis and Carcinoma

Mention diseases of gall bladder.

Unit 2 Lymphadenitis Explain about lymphadenitis and also about Non specific and granulomatous lymphadenitis

What is lymphadenitis?

Unit 3 Lymph Node enlargements

Describe about Lymph Node enlargements and its causes.

Unit 4 Reactive Hyperplasia Describe about Reactive Hyperplasia What is reactive hyperplasia?

Unit 5 Lymphatic Tumours Describe about lymphatic tumours including primary

tumours like Hodgkin's and Non hodgkin's Lymphomas and also Metastatic Tumours.

What is Hodkin’s lymphoma?

Unit 6 Splenic Enlargements Describe about Splenic Enlargements and its causes.

SAMPLE QUESTIONS:

What is Cholecystitis?What is Reactive hyperplasia?

Write the treatment of Cholelithiasis?

What is Hodgkin lymphoma?

Explain about Spleenic enlargement and its etiology?

123

MODULE XIV

Musculoskeletal system pathology



Test question

Unit 1 Osteomyelitis Explain about osteomyelitis and also about types including acute, chronic, tuberculous and mycetoma.

What is osteomyelitis?

Unit 2 Metabolic

diseases

Explain about metabolic disorders like Osteomalacia, osteoporosis, Hyperparathyroidism and Paget's disease.

What is osteomalacia?

Unit 3 Tumours Explain about classification of tumours including Benign, Malignant, Metastatic and synovial sarcoma.

What are benign and malignant tumours?

Unit 4 Arthritis Describe about arthritis and different types including Suppurative, Rheumatoid. Osteoarthritis, Gout and Tuberculous

Describe arthritis and mention its types.

SAMPLE QUESTIONS:

What is Osteomyelitis?What is Septic arthritis?

Mention about Osteomalacia andPagets disease.

What are Bone tumours? Name some of them with their treatment.

What are Osteoarthritis and Rheumatoid arthtitis? What is osteoporosis?

124

MODULE XV

Endocrine pathology



Test question

Unit 1 Diabetes Mellitus Describe about diabetes mellitus also about its types, Pathogenesis, Pathology and Laboratory diagnosis

Mention types and pathogenesis of DM.

Unit 2 Non-neoplastic

lesions of Thyroid

Explain about thyroid non neoplastic lesion including Iodine deficiency goiter, autoimmune Thyroiditis, Thyrotoxicosis, myxedema and Hashimoto's thyroiditis

What is iron deficiency goiter?

Unit 3 Tumours of Thyroid Describe about thyroid tumours including primary type like Adenoma and Carcinoma like Papillary, Follicular, Medullary and Anaplastic.

Describe thyroid tumours.

Unit 4 Adrenal diseases Explain us about adrenal diseases like cortical hyperplasia, atrophy, tuberculosis, tumours of cortex and medulla

What is cortical hyperplasia?

SAMPLE QUESTION:

What is Diabetes mellitus? Mention the Lab diagnosis and complications.

What is Hashimoto thyroiditis?Explain about Myxedema? What is Iodine deficiency goiter?

Describe Adrenal atrophy?Mention about Cortical hyperplasia.

125

MODULE XVI

Neuropathology



Test question

Unit 1 Inflammations and Infections

Describe about TB Meningitis, Pyogenic Meningitis, viral meningitis. and

What is TB meningitis?

Unit 2 Brain Abscess Explain about brain abscess including Tuberculosis and Cysticercosis

What is brain abscess?

Unit 3 CNS Tumours Describe about CNS tumours like Astrocytoma, Neuroblastoma, Meningioma and Medulloblastoma

What are CNS tumours?

SAMPLE QUESTIONS:

Define Neuritis and Meningitis.

Explain about Meningioma?

What is Neuroblastoma?

Explain about Astrocytoma?

Mention clinical features of Viral meningitis?

126

MODULE XVII

Dermatopathology



Unit 1 Skin tumors Explain about skin tumours including Squamos cell carcinoma, Basal cell carcinoma and Melanoma.

SAMPLE QUESTIONS:

What is Melanoma?

Explain about Squamous cell carcinoma.

What is Basal cell carcinoma?

127

Pathology reference and prescribed books in library

Sl Title Authors Editi Year No of Books

n on copie

o s

First Second Third

author author author

1 Pathology illustrated Macfarlane Reid Callande 5th 2000 02 Reference

Peter S Robin r Robin

2 General and system pathology Underwood 3rd 2000 05 Reference

113to117 JCE

3 Basics pathology Robbins M D M.D 3rd 1981 04 RGUHS

Stanley L Vinay Marcia

Kumar Angelia

Robbins M D Cortran 4th 1989 02

Stanley L Vinay Ramzi S

128

Kumar

5th 1994 01

7th 2003 01

4 Clinical Hematology in Medical Gruchy .G Rush 4th 1981 04 Reference

Practice

Bryan

5th

1989

02

7 Pathology –Structure and Boyd Williams 8th 1970 01 Reference

Function in Disease

8 Mosby’s Pathology for Massage Salvo Susan G Anderso


Therapists n Sandra

K

9 Hutchinsons Clinical Method Swash 19th 1989 02 Reference

Michael

10 Text book of pathology Mohan Harsha 2nd 1994 01 RGUHS

3rd 1998 01

4th 2000 04

129

6th 2010 04

Pocket

7th 2015 01

11 Pathologic Basis of Disease Kumar Vinay Abbar Faesto 7th 2004 01 Reference

Abdul K Nelson

12 General Pathology Bhende Y M Deobhar 4th 1986 02 Reference

e SG

13 Pathology and Intervention in Mager David J Zachaze 2nd 2016 01 Reference

Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation wski

James E

130

PHARMACOLOGY

131

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Sl No Topics

1 Prescribed RGUHS syllabus

2 Recommended text books

3 Module I

4 Module II

5 Module III

6 Module IV

7 Module V

8 Module VI

9 Module VII 10 Module VIII

132

Prescribed syllabus, RGUHS

1. General Pharmacology [5 Hours]

Introduction, Definitions, Classification of drugs, Sources of drugs, Routes of drug administration,Distribution of drugs, Metabolism and Excretion of drugs Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, Factors modifying drug response, Adverse effects.

2. Autonomic Nervous system [5 hours]

General considerations – The Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Systems, Receptors, Somatic Nervous System Cholinergic and Anti-Cholinergic drugs,

Adrenergic and Adrenergic blocking drugs, Peripheral muscle relaxants.

3. Cardiovascular Pharmacology [10 Hours]

Drugs Used in the Treatment of Heart Failure: Digitalis, Diuretics, Vasodilators, ACE inhibitors

Antihypertensive Drugs: Diuretics, Beta Blockers, Calcium Channel Blockers, ACE Inhibitors, Central Acting Alpha Agonists, Peripheral Alpha Antagonists, Direct acting Vasodilators Antiarrhythmic Drugs

Drugs Used in the Tratment of Vascular Disease and Tissue Ischemia : Vascular Disease, Hemostasis Lipid -Lowering agents, Antithrombotics, Anticoagulants and Thrombolytics Ischemic Heart Disease – Nitrates, Beta-Blockers, Calcium Channel BlockersCerebral Ischemia, Peripheral Vscular Disease

4. Neuropharmacology [8 Hours]

Sedative-Hypnotic Drugs: Barbiturates, Benzodiazepines Antianxiety Drugs: Benzodiazepines, Other Anxiolytics

Drugs Used in Treatment of Mood Disorders: Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors, Tricyclic Antidepressants, Atypical Antidepressants, Lithium

Antipsychotic drugs

133

5. Disorders of Movement [6 Hours]

Drugs used in Treatment of Parkinson’s Disease

Antiepileptic Drugs Spasticity and Skeletal Muscle Relaxants

6. Inflammatory/Immune Diseases [14 Hours]

Non-narcotic Analgesics and Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs: Acetaminophen, NSAIDs, Aspirin, Nonaspirin NSAIDs, drug Interactins

with NSAIDsGlucocorticoids: Pharmacological Uses of Glucocorticoids, adverse effects, Physiologic Use of Glucocorticoids Drugs Used in Treatment of Arthritic Diseases: Rheumatoid Arthritis, Osteoarthritis, Gout

Drugs Used in the Treatment of Neuromuscular Immune/Inflmmatory Diseases: Myasthena gravis, Idiopathic Inflammatory Myopathies, systemic lupus Erythmatosus, Scleroderma, Demyelinating Disease

Respiratory Pharmacology: Obstructive Airway Diseases, Drugs used in Treatment of Obstructive airway Diseases, Allergic Rhinitis

7. Digestion and Metabolism [6 Hours]

Gastrointestinal Pharmacology: Peptic Ulcer Disease, Constipation, Diarrhea Drugs Used in Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus: Insulin, Oral Hypoglycemics

8. Geriatrics [ 6 Hours]

Pharmacology and the geriatric Population: Adverse effects of special concern in the Elderly, Dementia, Postural hypotension.

134


MODULE I:

General Pharmacology

Essential of Medical Phramacology, K.D Tripathi, 5thedition, page no. 3-70 Unit No Lesson name Learning objectives- at the end of the lesson, the


Test questions

Unit 1 Introduction Explain about the definitions, classification of drugs and sources of drugs.

Mention classification of drugs.

Unit 2 Route and distribution List the routes of drug administration and its distribution.

Name routes of drug administration.

Unit 3 Metabolism and Excretion Describe about the metabolism and excretion of

drugs

Mention metabolism of drugs.

Unit 4 Pharmacokinetics Explain about the Pharmacokinetics

Unit 5 Pharmacodynamics Explain about the Pharmacodynamics

Unit 6 Factors modifying drug response List the factors involving drug response

Unit 7 Adverse effects Describe about the adverse effects of the drugs. Mention adverse drug reactions.

SAMPLE QUESTIONS:

Mention the sublingual route of administration of drugs.

What are the merits and demerits of intra muscular route of drug administration?

What is pharmacodynamics?

Mention adverse effects of drugs.

Enumerate routes of drug administration with examples. Write the advantages and disadvantages of oral, IV and SC routes of

administration.

MODULE III

135

MODULE II

Autonomic Nervous System

Essential of Medical Phramacology, KD Tripathi, 5th edition, page no.71-134, 309-332


Test question

Unit 1 General considerations Describe about the sympathetic and

parasympathetic systems, its receptors and somatic nervous system

Mention receptors of sympathetic and

parasympathetic systems.

Unit 2 Cholinergic and Anti Cholinergic drugs

Explain about the cholinergic and Anti- cholinergic drugs

What are cholinergic and anti cholinergic drugs?

Unit 3 Adrenergic and Adrenergic blocking drugs

Explain about the adrenergic and adrenergic blocking drugs

What are adrenergic drugs?

Unit 4 Peripheral muscle relaxants Explain about the peripheral muscle relaxants

Mention the mechanism of action of muscle relaxants.

SAMPLE QUESTIONS:

What are anti-cholinergic drugs?

Mention about adrenergic blocking drugs.

Mention the peripheral muscle relaxants.

MODULE IV

136

Cardiovascular Pharmacology

Essential of Medical Phramacology, KD Tripathi, 5th edition, page no: 442-520

Unit No

Lesson name Learning objectives- at the end of the lesson, the student must be able to

Test question

Unit 1 Drugs Used in the

Treatment of Heart

Failure

Explain us about the drugs used for heart failure like digitalis, diuretics, vasodilators and also ACE inhibitors

Mention drugs used in heart failure.

Unit 2 Antihypertensive

Drugs

Describe about the antihypertensive drugs like diuretics, beta

blockers, calcium channel blockers, ACE Inhibitors, central acting alpha agonists, peripheral alpha antagonists and also direct acting vasodilators

What are anti hypertensive drugs?

Unit 3 Anti-rhythmic Drugs

Explain about the Anti-rhythmic Drugs

Unit 4 Drugs Used in the

Treatment of

Vascular Disease

Explain about the drugs used for vascular diseases like hemostasis lipid-lowering agents, anti-thrombotics, anticoagulants and thrombolytics

Name drugs used in treatment of vascular disease.

Unit 5 Drugs used for

Tissue Ischemia

Explain about the ischemic heart disease drugs like Nitrates,

Beta-Blockers and Calcium Channel Blockers and also about the Cerebral Ischemia drugs

What are the drugs used in treating IHD?

Unit 6 Peripheral Vascular

Disease

Explain about the Peripheral Vascular Disease drugs. Mention drugs used in treatment of PVD.

SAMPLE QUESTIONS:

Mention drugs used in treatment of peripheral vascular diseases. Write the mechanism of action of any two of them?

Explain the drugs used in treatment of heart failure and the mechanism of action?

What is the action of ACE inhibitors and beta blockers?

What are the uses and adverse effects of Metformine?

Mention the mechanism of action of Nitrates and calcium channel blockers in treatment of ischemic heart disease?

Classify antihypertensive drugs administration. Discuss mechanism of action, pharmacological action and adverse effects of

angiotension converting enzyme inhibitors?

MODULE V

137

Neuropharmacology

Essential of Medical Phramacology, KD Tripathi, 5TH edition, page no: 333-368,391-441


Test questions

Unit 1 Sedative-

Hypnotic

Drugs

Explain about the sedative –hypnotic drugs like Barbiturates and

Benzodiazepines

What are the drugs used for

sedation? Mention their mode of action.

Unit 2 Antianxiety Drugs

Explain about the antianxiety drugs like Benzodiazepines and other Anxiolytics

What are the anti anxiety drugs?

Unit 3 Drugs Used in

Treatment of

Mood Disorders

Explain about the drugs used for mood disorders like Monoamine Oxidase

Inhibitors, Tricyclic Antidepressants, Atypical Antidepressants and Lithium

Name drugs used in treatment

of mood disorders.

Unit 4 Antipsychotic drugs

describe about antipsychotic drugs

SAMPLE QUESTIONS:

Mention the drugs used in the treatment of anxiety.Explain the drugs used in treating mood disorders.

Describe the antipsychotic drugs.

Describe the mechanism of action of Barbiturates.

MODULE VI

138

Movement Disorders

Essential of Medical Phramacology, KD Tripathi, 5TH edition, page no: 369-390


Test question

Unit 1 Drugs used in

Treatment of

Parkinson’s Disease

Explain about the drugs used for Parkinson’s disease Mention mechanism of action of drugs used in treating Parkinsonism.

Unit 2 Antiepileptic

Drugs

Explain about the antiepileptic drugs What are anti epileptic drugs?

Unit 3 Spasticity and

Skeletal Muscle Relaxants

Describe about the anti-spastic and skeletal muscle relaxants What are anti spastic and skeletal muscle relaxants?

SAMPLE QUESTIONS:

What is the action of L-Dopa?

Classify skeletal muscle relaxants. Discuss mechanism of action, uses and adverse effects of pancuronium.

Mention the uses and adverse effects of anti epileptic drugs.

Describe the anti-spastic muscle relaxants.

MODULE VII

139

Inflammatory/ Immune diseases

Essential of Medical Phramacology, KD Tripathi, 5TH edition, page no: 167-184, 256-265, 185-212, 71-134

Unit No

Lesson name Learning objectives- at the end of the lesson, the student must be able to

Test question

Unit 1 Non-narcotic

Analgesics and Non

steroidal Anti- Inflammatory Drugs

Explain about the Non-narcotic Analgesics and Non steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs such as Acetaminophen( NSAIDs), Aspirin, Non aspirin (NSAIDs) and also the drug interactions with NSAIDs

What are the NSAIDs? Mention their mechanism of action.

Unit 2 Gluco-corticoids Explain about the Gluco corticoids and also Pharmacological Uses of Gluco corticoids, its adverse effects and Physiologic Use of Gluco corticoids

Unit 3 Drugs Used for Arthritic Diseases

Explain about the Drugs Used for Arthritic Diseases like Rheumatoid Arthritis, Osteoarthritis and Gout.

Mention drugs used in treating arthritic diseases.

Unit 4 Drugs used for N M

Immune/Inflammatory

Diseases

Explain about the Drugs Used for Neuromuscular Immune/Inflmmatory Diseases like MyastheniaGravis, Idiopathic Inflammatory Myopathies, systemic lupus Erythmatosus, Scleroderma and Demyelinating Disease.

Unit 5 Respiratory

Pharmacology

Explain about the drugs used for Obstructive Airway Diseases and Allergic Rhinitis.

Mention drugs used in treating obstructive airway diseases.

SAMPLE QUESTIONS:

Explain about Gluco-corticoids, its pharmacological uses and adverse effects.

Explain the mechanism of action of NSAIDs and their uses and adverse reactions.

Mention the drug reactions of aspirin and its adverse reactions.

Uses and adverse effects of Salmeterol and Hydrocortisone. Nasal decongestants and their adverse effects.

MODULE VIII

140

Digestion and metabolism

Essential of Medical Phramacology, KD Tripathi, 5th edition 587-626


Test questions

Unit 1 Gastrointestinal

Pharmacology

Explain about the drugs used in Gastrointestinal diseases like peptic ulcers disease, constipation and diarrhoea.

Unit 2 Drugs Used in

Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus

Explain about the drugs Used for Diabetes Mellitus such as insulin and oral hypoglycaemic drugs

What are the drugs used in treating DM? Mention their mechanism of action.

SAMPLE QUESTIONS:

Mention the drugs used in the treatment of peptic ulcer disease, their uses and adverse reactions.

What are the drugs used in the treatment of constipation? Mention their mechanism of action.

Explain the drugs used in treatment of DM, mechanism of action and adverse reactions.

Write a note on insulin preparation.

Uses and adverse effects of Rantidine.

141

Geriatrics

Essential of Medical Pharmacology, KD Tripathi, 5TH edition, page no: 435-440


Test question

Unit 1 Pharmacology

and the

geriatric Population

Explain about the pharmacology and the geriatric Population and also about the adverse effects with concern of elderly population, dementia and postural hypotension.

What are the adverse effects of drugs used in treatment of elderly, dementia and hypotension?

SAMPLE QUESTIONS:

Briefly mention pharmacokinetic changes in geriatric population.

Mention the drugs to be avoided in the elderly. Mention the reason for the same.

What are the adverse effects of drugs used in the treatment of postural hypotension?

Describe the drugs used in the treatment of dementia, mechanism of action, uses and adverse effects.

Pharmacology text books in llibrary

142

Sl Title Authors Editio Year No of Books

no n copies

First author Second Third

author author

1. Pharmacology and Ramesh K V 1st 2011 01 Reference

Pharmacotherapeutics

2. A Concise TB of Pharmacology Dr Murugesh N

5th 1999 05

RGUHS

3. Pharmacology and Satosker R S Bhandar Alwapur 7th 1980 02

RGUHS Pharmacotherapeutics kar S.D e S.S

10th 1986 05

11th 1988 04

12th 1991 01

16th 1999 01

143

19th

2005

01

22nd 2011 01

4. TB of Pharmacology for PT Uday Kumar 1st 2004 05

RGUHS

Padmaja 2nd

2011

10

5. Clinical Pharmacology Dr Laurence Bennett Brown 8th 1997 01 Reference

PN MJ

6. TB of Therapeutics-Drug and Gourley Geeta K Holt 7th 2000 01 Reference

Disease Management James M

7. Pharmacology in Rehabilitation Ciccone Charles Wolf and 1st 1990 02 Reference

D Steven L

8. Essentials of Medical Tripathi KD 2nd 1988 03

RGUHS

Pharmacology

3rd

1994

01

144

4th 1999 02

5th 2003 04

7th 2013 04

9. Pharmacology for Physiotherapy Dr. R 1st 2018 01 Reference

Students .Chandrashekar

10. Pharmacology for Ramesh K U Shenoy 1st 2005 01 Reference

Physiotherapist K Ashok

11. Pharmacology Rang H P Dale Rittu 5th 2003 01 Reference

M.M .J.M

12. Medical Therapeutics Hossain A.S.M.T


13. Fundamentals’ of Experimental Ghosh M N 3rd 2005 01 Reference

Pharmacology

Date post:	06-Dec-2021
Category:	Documents
Upload:	others
View:	1 times
Download:	0 times

JSS COLLEGE OF PHYSIOTHERAPY

Documents