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BIOMETRICSSECURITY SYSTEM



PRESENTATION OVERVIEW

INTRODUCTION

TYPES OF BIOMETRIC SYSTEMS

HOW IT WORKS

CHARACTERISTICS APPLICATIONS

DISADVANTAGES

REFERENCES



BIOMETRICS – any automatically measurable ,robust and distinctive physical characteristic or

personal trait that can be used to identify anindividual or verify the claimed identity of anindividual.



BIOMETRICS CAN MEASURE BOTH PHYSIOLOGICAL AND BEHAVIORAL CHARACTERISTICS



FACIAL RECOGNITION

To identify any person we generally look at face and

eyes in particular seem to tell a story how the personfeels.

Face recognition is a kind of electronic unmasking.



FINGERPRINT RECOGNITION

[This relies on the fact that fingerprint’s uniqueness can

be defined by analyzing the minutiae of a human being.

Two individuals having same fingerprint are less than onein a billion.



VOICE RECOGNITION

The person to be identified is usually pronounce adesignated password or phrase, which facilitatesthe verification process.



SIGNATURE RECOGNITION

This is done by analyzing the shape, speed, stroke,pen pressure and timing information during the actof signing.



PALM RECOGNITION

The image of the hand is collected and the featurevectors are extracted and compared with thedatabase feature vectors.



IRIS RECOGNITION TECHNOLOGY FOR IMPROVED AUTHENTICATION



IRIS RECOGNITION PROCESS

1.Capturing the Image

2. Defining the Location of the Iris and

optimizing the image.

3. Storing and Comparing the Image



1.) CAPTURING THE IMAGE:

The image of the iris can be captured using a

standard camera using both visible and infraredlight and may be either a manual or automatedprocedure. The camera can be positioned between

three and a half inches and one meter to capture theimage. In the manual procedure, the user

needs to adjust the camera to get the iris in focus andneeds to be within six to twelve inches of

the camera.

This process is much more manually intensive andrequires proper user training to be

successful . The automatic procedure uses a set ofcameras that locate the face and iris

automatically thus making this process much more userfriendly.



2.) DEFINING THE LOCATION OF THE IRIS AND OPTIMISING THE IMAGE

Once the camera has located the eye, the iris recognitionsystem then identifies the image that has the best focus andclarity of the iris. The image is then analysed to identify theouter boundary of the iris where it meets the white sclera ofthe eye, the pupillary boundary and the centre of the pupil.

This results in the precise location of the circular iris.

fig(1). Circular iris location



The iris recognition system then identifies the areas of theiris image that are suitable for feature extraction andanalysis. This involves removing areas that are covered

by the eyelids, any deep shadows and reflective areas. s.The following diagram shows the optimisation of theimage.



IRIS RECOGNITION SYSTEMS

The iris-scan process begins with a photograph.

A specialized camera, typically very close to thesubject, not more than three feet, uses an infraredimager to eliminate a light and capture a very high –

resolution photograph. This process takes 1 to 2seconds.



CREATING AN IRIS CODE

The picture of eye first is processed by softwarethat localizes the inner and outer boundaries of theiris.

And it is encoded by image-processingtechnologies.



IRIS RECOGNITION

In less than few seconds, even on a database ofmillions of records , the iris code templategenerated from a live image is compared topreviously enrolled ones to see if it matches to any

of them.





MAJOR CHARACTERISTICS OF IRIS RECOGNITION

Iris is thin membrane on the interior of the eyeball.

Iris pattern remains unchanged after the age oftwo and does not degrade overtime or with theenvironment.

Iris patterns are extremely complex than the otherbiometric patterns.



TYPICAL IRIS SYSTEM CONFIGURATION FOR TAKING A PICTURE

An iris camera can takes a black and white picturefrom 5 to 24 inches away.

The camera uses non-invasive, near-infrared ,illumination that is barely visible and very safe.

And this iris recognition can not takes place withoutperson permission.



EXAMPLE OF IRIS RECOGNITIONSYSTEM



TYPICAL IRIS SYSTEM CONFIGURATION

UNIFORM

DISTRIBUTION

FEATURE-EXTRACTI

ON

IDENTIFICATION-

VERIFICATION

PRE-PROCESSING

STOREDTEMPLATES

REJECT

ACCEPT



TECHNIQUES USED

Iris localization

Iris normalization

Image enhancement



IRIS LOCALIZATION

Both the inner boundary and the outer boundary ofa typical iris can be taken as a circle. But the twocicles are usually not co-centric.

Comparedwith the other part of the eye, the pupil ismuch darker. We detect the inner boundarybetween the iris and the pupil . The outer boundaryof the iris is more difficult to detect because of lowcontrast between the two sides of the boundary by

maximizing changes of the perimeter –normalizedalong the circle.the technique is found to beeffective and efficient.



IRIS NORMALIZATION

The size of the pupil may changes due to thevariation of the illumination and the associatedelastic deformations in the iris texture may interfacewith the results of pattern matching.

For the purpose of accurate texture analysis, it isnecessary to compensate this deformation . sinceboth the inner and outer boundaries of the iris havebeen detected, it is easy to map the iris ring to a

rectangular block of a texture of fixed size.



IMAGE ENHANCEMENT

The original image has low contrast and may havenon-uniform illumination caused by the position oflight sources. These may impair the result of thetexture analysis.

We enhance the iris image and reduce the effect ofnon –uniform illumination.





COMPARISION OF IRIS RECOGNITION WITHOTHER BIOMETRICS

Accurate

Stability

Fast

Scalable Uniqueness

COMPARISION



COMPARISIONMETHOD CODED

PATTERNMISIDENT-IFICATIONRATE

SECURITY APPLIC-TIONS

Iris Iris patterns 1/1200,000 High High-securityFingerprint Finger-

prints1/1,000 Medium Universal

Voice Voicecharacter-

istics

1/30 Low Telephoneservice

Signature Shape ofletters ,writing order,pen pressure

1/100 Low Low security

Face Outline, shapeanddistribution ofeyes,nose


Palm Size,length &thickness

hands




REFERENCES

Y.Zhu, T.Tan and Y.Wang ,”Biometric identification

based on iris pattern”.

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