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KAILASANATHAN ES
ARAVIND ES
LAKES IN KERALA
Kerala is popularly called as “GOD’S OWN COUNTRY”Kerala is rich with 44 rivers which together yield
70300 Mm³of water annually. The Periyar, the Bharathapuzha, the Pamba, the
Chalakudy Puzha, the Kadalundipuzha and the Achancoil
The Kerala Lakes &Backwaters region is a particularly well-recognized feature of Kerala
It is an interconnected system of brackish water lakes and river estuaries that lies inland from the coast and runs virtually the length of the state
It consists of 15 major lakes.
INTRODUCTION
MAJOR LAKESAkkulam lakeAshtamudi lakeEnamakkal lakeKayamkulam lakeMala lakeManur lakeMeenappally lakeKavvayi lake
Paravur lakeThottappally lakeVattak lakeVeli lakeVellayani lakeVembanad lakeBeppur lakePookode lake
Second largest and deepest wetland ecosystem in Kerala
Ashta-8 , Mudi- Conned…..Shape of the lake is like Octapus
A lake with multiple branches & gateway to the backwaters of Kerala
The lake is the source of livelihood for the people living close to it in fishing, coconut husk retting for coir production and inland navigation services.
Kollam is an important historic port city located on the right bank of the lake
Kallada River is a major river discharging into the Ashtamudi Lake
ASHTAMUDI LAKE
Location : Kollam District, Kerala
Primary inflows: Kallada RiverCatchment area: 1,700 km2 (660 sq mi)Basin countries: IndiaSurface area: 61.4 km2 (23.7 sq mi)Max. depth: 6.4 m (21 ft)Water volume: 76,000,000,000
km3(1.8×1010 cu mi)
CHARACTERISTICS
Intense anthropogenic pressure.Oil spills from thousands of fishing boats and
from industries in the surrounding area.Large quantities of untreated sewage, disposal
of human excreta, and the pollution from paper mills, industries (aluminum, ceramics, seafood), as well as from coconut husk retting.
Many fish species may have become extinct due to lack of spawning facilities on the banks of the lake due to canalization of the lake’s banks by walls built of laterite and granite stones
ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES
Longest and the largest lake in the state of KeralaSpanning several districts
(Alappuzha ,eranakulam,kottayam )in the state of Kerala
It is known by different names in different localities viz. Punnamada Lake in Kuttanad,Kochi Lake in Kochi.
Total area drained by the lake is 15,770 km²,which accounts for 40% of the area of Kerala
Kumarakom backwaters is one of d famous tourist spot in Kerala
VEMBANAD LAKE
Primary inflows:Achenkovil, Manimala,Meenachil, Muvattupuzha,Pamba, Periyar
Primary outflows: Several canalsBasin countries: IndiaMax. length: 96.5 kmMax. width: 14 kmSurface area: 2033 km²Max. depth: 12 mSurface elevation: 0 mIslands: Pathiramanal,
Perumbalam,Pallippuram
CHARACTERISTICS
It is located below MSL.Salt water intrusion is more.A 1252 m long Thanneermukkom salt water
barrier constructed as a part of the Kuttanad Development Scheme to prevent tidal action and intrusion of salt water into the Kuttanad low-lands
It divides the lake into two parts - one with brackish water perennially and the other half with fresh water fed by the rivers draining into the lake
ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES
Severely restricted the natural flushing of pollutants
Growth of Water Hyacinth in fresh waterIf it is not controlled, it restricts the water
flow, blocks sunlight, reduce DO level and even kills fishes
It also create a prime habitat for mosquitos, the classic vectors of disease
Contd…
The largest fresh water lake in Thiruvananthapuram district
There was a move to drain the lake and use the reclaimed area for agriculture
It was resisted by locals and environmentalists and has been shelved
Illegal sand mining, pollution and land reclamation is affecting the condition of the lake
VELLAYANI LAKE
Location: Thrissur District , Kerala
Basin countries: IndiaMax. area: 25 sq.kmIt is a fresh water lake On western side of the lake, it is protected by
a bund to control the salt waterKeecheri River and Viyyoor River joins
Enamakkal Lake
ENAMAKKAL LAKE
Location: Payyannur , KeralaPrimary inflows: Kavvayi RiverBasin countries: IndiaSurface area: 37 km²Islands: Valiyaparamba, KavvayiIt is the third largest backwaters in Kerala and the
largest one in north KeralaDotted with several small and big islandsMain source of income come from agriculture and
fishingBiggest wetland ecosystem in north KeralaHome to a variety of fauna and flora
KAVVAYI LAKE
Location: Paravur, KeralaPrimary inflows: Ithikkara RiverBasin countries: IndiaSurface area: 6.62 km²Although it is small , it is the end point of
Ithikara river and part of the system of lakes and canals that make up the kerala backwaters.
PARAVUR KAYAL
Location: Wayanad, districPrimary inflows: Kabani RiverBasin countries: IndiaSurface area: 8.5 hectares Max. depth: 6.5 mNatural freshwater lake with Altitude of 2100 meters above
sea levelLake has the shape of India's map.Pethia pookodensis, is a species of cyprinid fish known to
occur only in Pookode LakeThe forests surrounding the lake hold many wild animals,
birds and fliesThere are groups of Blue water lily flowers scattered here and
there in the lake.
POOKODE LAKE
Location: Kozhikode, KeralaType: Man-madeMax. length: 130 mMax. width: 109 mSurface area: 14,120 m2
Manmade fresh water lake located in centre of the cityRectangular in shape and fed by natural springIt is an important source for drinking water, but is
susceptible to pollution from municipal sewage, domestic waste and pollutants from nearby textile factories
It was particularly bacteriologically contaminated during the monsoon season and was highly alkaline
MANANCHIRA LAKE :Man Made Lake