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ROLE OF WATER CHEM ISTERY
IN POWER PLANTPresentation prepared by
Vi jendra Kumar Meena
ACT-2011
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WATER TREATMENT PLANT
AND FEATURES
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Sources of water
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PROBLEMS
CORROSION
Cl, SO4, TDS, FeDISSOLVED GASES
SCALING
Ca, Mg, Fe
SiO2, Al..,
FOULING
Fe, MUD, SS,
MICROBIAL,
ORGANICS
COST QUALITY AVAILIBILITY
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Raw water
AerationExposing Water to Atmospheric air therebyoxidizing some of the dissolved salts.
During aeration, two impurities viz. Ferrous
Bicarbonate and Manganous Bicarbonate
are oxidized as follows;Fe(HCO3) + O2 -- FeO(OH) + CO2 + H2O
Mn(HCO3) + O2 -- MnO2(OH) + CO2 + H2O
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Raw water
Dosing- Cl2 (disinfection, to
control bacteria, virus
& org. mat)
- Lime(pH adjustment,
softening)
- alium(coagulant)
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+ Al +
+
FINE PARTICLES , --VE CHARGE, REMAIN SUSPENDED
CHARGE NEUTRALISATION BY Al3+, COAGULATION
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Raw water
Flash mixer
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Clariflocculator
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Raw water
Clarified water
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14th June 2007 15
CLARIFLOCCULATOR
Raw
water
Chlorine
AlumLime Flash
Mixer
Clarification
Sludgesettling
pond
Clarified
water to
filters
Flocculation
Water quality at Clarifier outlet
Turbidity -
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7/27/2019 Kbunl Kanti.pptx 123
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NEED FOR
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NEED FOR
DEMINERALISATION:
Raw water contains various dissolved salts &
suspended solids. For use as feed in boiler
these are to be removed as they may getdeposited in heat transfer zones thereby
restricting heat transfer & may lead to
corrosion also.
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Degasser
FW water
ACF WAC SAC
WBA SBA MB
CST
Processes ..
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Degasser
FW water
ACF WAC SAC
WBA SBA MB
CST
ACFacts on principle of adsorption which is a surface active phenomenon
It removes residual turbidity (
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Degasser
FW water
ACF WAC SAC
WBA SBA MB
CST
WAC resin is capable to exchange cations of alkalinity producing salts only ie, forcarbonate hardness removal purpose.
2 R-COOH + Ca(HCO3)2 (RCOO)2Ca2+ 2 H2CO3
WAC resin can exchange ions only in neutral to alkaline pH range.
WAC results efficient TDS reduction in high carbonate hardness water.
Efficient regeneration takes place even with very dilute acid solution.
Processes ..
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Degasser
FW water
ACF WAC SAC
WBA SBA MB
CST
SAC resin works over wide pH range & is capable to exchangeany type of cations present in salts as sulphonic acid group
is strongly acidic.
2 R-SO3-H+ + CaCl2 (RSO3)2Ca2+ 2 (H+ + Cl- )
Processes ..
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Degasser
FW water
ACF WAC SAC
WBA SBA MB
CST
Water from the ex-cation contains carbonic acid which is very weak acid and difficultto be removed by strongly basic anion resin and causing hindrance to remove
silicate ions from the bed.
The ex-cation water is trickled in fine streams from top of a tall tower packed with
rasching rings, and compressed air is passed from the bottom
Carbonic acid break into CO^ and water. carbon dioxide escapes into the
atmosphere. Water is pumped back to anion exchanger bed
Processes ..
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Degasser
FW water
ACF WAC SAC
WBA SBA MB
CST
Weak anion resins derive their functionality from primary(RNH2),secondary(R-NHR)& tertiary amine (R3N)groups. The
weak weak-base anion resins remove free minerals acidity(FMA)
such as HCl & H2SO4 but doesnt remove weakly ionized acids
such silicic acid and bicarbonates
Processes ..
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Degasser
FW water
ACF WAC SAC
WBA SBA MB
CST
The Strong base anion resins derived theirfunctionality from quaternary ammonium exchange
sites.These are capable of exchanging anions like Cl-
,HCO3-,Silica.
Processes ..
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Wh DM ater cant be sed directl in boiler?
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Why DM water cant be used directly in boiler?
- Principle says if water is acidicCorrosive.
- Principle say if water is alkalineScale forming.
As DM water (also called as hungry water) is having no
salt, when it comes in contact with metal surface
attacks the metal.
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EFFECTS OF SILICA
Silica has high partition coefficient, so it has
tendency to deposit from steam onto turbine.
Silica can deposit on turbine blades specially on LP
turbine, which can lead to significant loss of output.
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