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 The Rampage of a Deadly Disease

Date: June 24, 2013

Kelesia Samuels

Course: BIOL 265:Principles of Environmental Health

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 Aim and Objectives Aim- To highlight the issues surrounding of Cholera outbreak and its impact on the

Haitian Society.

Objectives- The cause and effects of Cholera outbreak

- Risk assessment, management and communication strategies in Haiti

-To highlight the activities of the major agencies that responsible to tackle theproblem in J amaica

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Cholera Outbreak Cases from 10Administrative Departments in Haiti

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Description of the Problem•  According to the Medilexicon’s dictionary, Cholera is an acute epidemic

infectious disease caused by the bacterium Vibro cholerae.

 Vibro Cholerae-Is a bacteria that naturally live as rod-shaped bacteria existing primarily inplankton populations in shallow, brackish water

In the midst of the cholera outbreak more than 4000 people were killed and217,000 were infected.

Approximately one half of those infected hospitalized

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 Causes of Cholera Outbreak in Haiti

Poor sanitary conditions

Floods contaminated Haitian drinking water following hurricane Tomas andthe earthquake.

Unclean water source in Haiti 

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 Effects of Cholera in Haiti

Loss of rice paddies due to contaminated water fed by rivers and canals

Food shortages

Hospitalization of children and elderly who are more susceptible

 A reluctant farmer to step into rice paddies, Hospitalized cholera patients

 which are fed by water believed to be contaminated

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Risk Assessment, Management and

Communication Strategies

Hazard Identification 

- acute watery diarrhea and vomiting, dehydration, shock and death

Exposure assessment-base- Questionnaire interview of 27 hospitalized patients show eighteen(67%) of the 27 consume untreated water

Dose-response-Approximately 1 million doses of vaccine sufficient for vaccination of 500,000people

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Table of Water and Vaccine Allocation

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Risk Assessment, Management and

Communication Strategies Cont’d Risk Characterization

-1 million doses of vaccination sufficient for 500,000 people, if the dosageincreased, the disease could be controlled

Risk Management-Providing better access to treated drinking water

-Providing education on improvement of sanitation, hygiene and foodpreparation practices

Risk Communication – To raise community awareness and access to

cholera prevention and treatment measures

-Ministry of Public Health Population(MSPP)-Pan American Health Organization(PAHO)

- Centers for Disease Control (CDC)

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Questions

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 References http://www.cdc.gov/haiticholera/diagnosistreatment.htm 

http://annals.org/article.aspx?articleid=746949

http://thechart.blogs.cnn.com/2012/01/09/how-cholera-in-haiti-began/

http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5945a1.htm