Key Concepts

Sen Zhang

• What is a computer?• Hardware• Software• Data representation• Internet• HTML

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• When you mention the word "technology," most people think about computers. – That is why we have this course!

• Virtually every facet of our lives has some computerized component. – Cell phones, Ipods, etc. The appliances in our homes

have microprocessors built into them, as do our televisions. Even our cars have computers.

• But the computer that everyone thinks of first is typically the personal computer, or PC.

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What is a computer?

• A computer is a kind of device that is equipped with software to process information, to mimic human being intelligence, to make people live longer and better.

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hardware components point of view

Computer Human being

CPU ( central processing unit) The most important component!! Brain

Internal (Primary) memory, chips memory

External (secondary) memory (storage) Harddisk, floppy disk, flash drive, CD DVD

External memory ( paper)

Input devices ( keyboard, mouse, digital camera, microphone, scanner)

Eyes, ears

Output devices (monitor, speaker, printers …) mouth

Communication component, modem, network card, ADSL, etc. Communication function

Mother board (a common ground all other hardware components will be plugged in)

Skelton (to which everything is plugged in)

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Let us compare a computer to a human being.

Motherboard

Hardware

CPUCPUSecondarySecondary

storagestorageMainMain

memorymemoryOutput Output devicesdevices

Data bus

Conceptually, a computer consists of the following hardware components. Instructions need to be issued to manipulate these hardware components. The instructions are written in special binary languages.

Input Input devicesdevices

Communication Communication devicesdevices

software

• A computer with no software is a people no intelligence.

• Need software to run hardware!

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CPU Human being brain

Machine languageBinary code

Natural language, English

binary Decimal system

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Binary Decimal

base 2 10

Symbol set 0,1 {0, 1, … 9}

? 24

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software

• Operating system software– The software directly controls the hardware of a

computer, common to all upper level application software.

• Application software– The software on the top of the operating system

software.– Each application software is designed with a

specific application in mind.

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Examples of application software

Application Software (Tool) Files (materials)

Hammer nails

Word processing Microsoft Word documents

Spreadsheet Excel spreadsheet

Database applicationBank, Student information system, super market, doctor’s office

ACCESS Database, Data

Presentation PowerPoint

Website FrontPage

Image processing Photoshop

Email Outlook,

Surfing the Internet Web Browser, Internet Explore, Firefox, Netscape

…

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Check The Readability Of Your Word 2007 Document

• Word includes a function that allows you to obtain information readability statistics about your document. When the readability statistics feature is enabled, Word will analyze your document using the Flesch-Kincaid model and identify the grade level (0-12) and the reading ease (0-100%) of your document.

• To turn on the readability function:• Open Word. • Click the Microsoft Office Button and click Word Options. • Click Proofing. • Place a check beside the Show readability statistics option. • Click OK. • Now you can click the Spelling and Grammar button on the Standard toolbar, the results will include

information about the reading level of your document.

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html

• Hyper text markup language

• Markups are also called tags– A tag is enclosed in a pair of <>– <h1> </h1>

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Your webspace url at oneonta

• To you it is w:• To the internet, it is mapped to– Students.oneonta.edu/youraccount/

– So, everything you save in your w drive, you can retrieve it from the Internet using the url.

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Your p drive

Raw data files

Something cool- Shortcut keys

• Control+mouse scroll can zoom in and zoom out your word document

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How to make an invisible folder on your desktop

• Create a new folder• Rename it as something you like• Change the icon to the transparent one• The folder is invisible

– This is cheating!

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if you want real hidden folder just Follow the bellow:

•1)Right-Click 2)New3)Folder4) Name it whatever you like5)Right-Click on the Folder6)Open General in the tab bar7)Look Down And Click on Hidden

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You can still see it

• File Explore-> tools-> Folder Options-> view -> show hidden files

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File view options

• Show extension names

GUI

• Graphical User Interface– Windows, buttons, menus, – Activated by mouse or shortcut keys

• As opposed to the black DOS window, which you usually do not use!!!

HTTP

• Hypertext Transfer Protocol• regret

HTML

• HyperText Markup Language