171© Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2019O. Dolezal, Clinical Cases in Neurology, In Clinical Practice, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-16628-1

Key Images/Findings

“In this chapter you can review miniatures of key images for each case. Arrows or outlined areas are marking points of interest and pathology. These should help you to identify pathology in question. For further information about particu-lar scan please see the Answers section in each chapter”.

Chapter 1 Anticoagulation and Fall

a

172

Chapter 2 Pain in the Face

b

Chapter 3 Dementia and Something Else

c

Key Images/Findings

173

Chapter 4 New Symptoms and Old Illness

d

Chapter 5 Young Lady with Severe Arm Pain

e

Key Images/Findings

174

Chapter 6 “Remember Bingo Numbers!”

f

Chapter 7 Woman with New Onset Epilepsy

g

Key Images/Findings

175

Chapter 8 Tired and Sleepy Woman

h

Chapter 9 Disorientation, Confusion I

i

Key Images/Findings

176

Chapter 10 Disorientation, Confusion II

j

Chapter 11 Woman with Sudden Onset of Headache

k

Key Images/Findings

177

Chapter 12 First Seizure

l

Chapter 13 Elephant in the Room vs. Red Herring

m

Key Images/Findings

178

Chapter 14 Gait Disorder and Falls

n

Chapter 15 Tongue Tied Man with Opiate Addiction

o

Key Images/Findings

179

Chapter 16 Right Sided Hemiparesis in Young Smoker

p

Chapter 17 Young Man with Pins and Needles

q

Key Images/Findings

180

Chapter 18 Painful and Weak Young Man

r

Chapter 19 Recurrent Otitis Media

s

Key Images/Findings

181

Chapter 20 Deafness and Shoulder Weakness

t

Chapter 21 Young Girl with the Wrist Drop–

Key Images/Findings

182

Chapter 22 Facial Tingling on the Left Side

u

Chapter 23 Balance and Gait Problems

v

Key Images/Findings

183

Chapter 24 Man with Numb Legs and Constipation

w

Chapter 25 Yellow and Weak Young Man–

Key Images/Findings

185© Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2019O. Dolezal, Clinical Cases in Neurology, In Clinical Practice, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-16628-1

Index

AAbducens nerve palsy, 125Allodynia, 7, 28, 125Alzheimer’s dementia, 13, 19Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

(ALS), 83, 86, 109, 110Ankylosing spondylitis, 21, 25Anticoagulation, 1–5, 159Aphasia, 54

See also dysphasiaApraxia, 54

See also dyspraxiaAreflexia, 115, 135, 163Ataxia, 47, 137, 156, 157, 167Autoimmune inflammatory

demyelinating neuropathy (polyradi culoneuropathy), 15, 168

BBechterew’s disease, 21Brainstem damage, 9, 82, 101,

104, 149, 151, 157, 162B12 deficiency, 116

CCarotid artery bifurcation, 104

dissection, 67, 69, 103, 104endarterectomy, 104

Chiari malformation, 163Chronic Lymphocytic leukaemia

(CLL), 81, 83, 87Chronic pain syndrome, 30Chronic subdural haematoma

(SDH), 19Cilliospinal reflex (pupillary-skin

reflex), 67Clinically isolated syndrome

(CIS), 30CNS infiltration, 87Cognitive decline, 93, 156, 157Compressive radiculopathy,

19, 30Cord compression, 4, 16, 17,

25, 159See also myelopathy

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection, 169

DDementia, 13, 15, 17–19Demyelination/multiple sclerosis,

10, 87, 116, 117, 163Dexamethasone, 36–37Disease modifying treatment

(DMT), 11Dissociative non epileptic

(psychogenic) seizures, 37

Dorsal columns involvement, 116

186

Dural arteriovenous fistula (DAVF), 164

Dysphasia, 54, 57Dyspraxia, 54, 57

EElectrophysiology (NCS/

EMG), 137Emotional instability, 54Epiconus and conus

medullaris, 86Epidural hematoma, 4Epilepsy, 35

juvenile myoclonic, 75Epileptic seizures, 37, 40,

73–75focal, 54generalised, 37, 39provoked, 74unprovoked, 75

FFacial nerve palsy, 125Facial pain, 7, 11Facial paresthesias, 147, 149–152Faecal incontinence, 155Fibromyalgia, 30Focal seizures, see Epileptic

seizuresFoot drop, 13, 167

GGait disorder, 91–94, 96Generalised tonic clonic seizures,

see Epileptic seizuresGlioma

high grade, 62, 63low grade, 77

Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS), see Autoimmune inflammatory demyelinating neuropathy (polyradiculo-neuropathy)

HHearing issues, see HypoacusisHeadache

chronic, 70hemicranial, 69occipital, 119sudden onset, 65–70

Hemiparesis, 48, 107, 109–111Hematoma

subdural (SDH), 19epidural hematoma, 4spinal, 3

Hereditary neuropathyCharcot-Marie-tooth, 143with tendency to pressure

palsies (HNPP), 143Herpes simplex virus

(HSV 1), 50encephalitis, 50

Herpes simplex virus (HSV 2)meningitis with associated

radiculitis, 122polyradiculitis, 122positivity, 122radiculomyelitis, 122

Holmes Adie Syndrome, 70Hydrocephalus, 93, 95, 96,

157, 159Hypoacusis, 39, 41Hypoglossal nerve palsy, 99, 104

IIcterus, 168Incontinence, see Sphincter

issuesIntracranial pressure (ICP)

increase, 41Inflammatory polyneuropathy,

see Autoimmune inflammatory demyelinating neuropathy

Intracranial bleeding, 67epidural, 3intraparenchymal, 67subarachnoid, 67, 69subdural (SDH), 19

Index

187

JJaundice, see IcterusJuvenile myoclonic epilepsy

(JME), 75

LLeptomeningeal disease, 45Lumbar puncture (LP), 41, 44, 45,

69, 87, 115Lyme disease, 144Lymphadenopathy, 87

MMastoiditis, 44, 45Memory problems, 33, 37

See also Cognitive declineMeningiomas, 25, 36, 37, 57, 159Meningitis/meningoencephalitis,

45, 120, 122Mini mental state examination

(MMSE), 92Motor neurone disease (MND),

109–111Multiple sclerosis (MS), 10,

11, 29, 87, 88, 111, 142

criteria, 11, 30diagnosis, 113See also Demyelination

Myasthenia gravis, 135Myelopathy, 4, 163Myoclonus focal, 77

NNerve conduction studies/

electromyography (NCS/EMG), see Electrophysiology

Neuroinfection, 3Neuromyelitis optica

(NMO), 117Neuropathic pain, 27, 29, 30, 120Non epileptic seizure, 61Novel oral anticoagulation

(NOAC), 2

OOligoclonal bands (OCBs), 11,

30, 87Opiate addiction, 65, 99–104Optic neuritis, 11Otitis media, 125, 127

PParaparesis, 82Paresthesias, 13, 27, 113

facial, 147–152Partial seizures, 35

See also Focal seizuresPain

radicular, 120chronic, 30neuropathic pain, 27, 30, 120facial pain, 7, 11

PMP22, 144Polyneuropathy, 116Polyradiculopathy, 19Primary lateral sclerosis (PLS), 109Progressive multifocal

encephalopathy (PML), 83

Provoked seizures, see Epileptic seizures

Pseudobulbar symptoms, 156Psychomotor seizures, 35

RRadial nerve palsy, 142Radiculitis/Radiculomyelitis,

120, 122Radiculopathy, 137, 138Radiotherapy induced

meningiomas (RIM), 25Rinne test, 134, 149

SSchwannoma, 25, 159Seizures, see Epileptic seizuresSensorineural hearing loss, 134,

137, 149See also Hypoacusis

Index

188

Sensory deficit, xv, 22, 33, 163Sensory level, 22Sinus thrombosis, 67Sphincter issues, 3, 16, 21, 81, 138,

157, 164Spinal bleeding/hematoma, 4Splenomegaly, 87Squamous cell carcinoma, 129Simple faint, 60Superficial hemosiderosis, 137Subdural hematoma, see Chronic

subdural hematomaSyringomyelic sensory

dissociation, 162

TTemporal lobe seizures, 35Temporal lobe, 54, 57, 62Third ventricle-colloid cyst, 95Trigeminal nerve, 129, 130,

149–152Trigeminal neuralgia, 8, 11

UUnprovoked seizure, 75Urinary incontinence/retention,

see Sphincter issues

VVasculitis screen, 144Vestibular Schwannoma, 149,

151–152Victim of Medical/Modern

Imaging Technology (VOMIT), 77

WWarfarin, 2, 91Weber test, 39, 134, 149Wrist drop, 141, 143, 144

See also radial nerve palsy

Index