Key performance indicators (KPIs) and objectives of retrofit projects

MED/EU Synergies ConferenceREPUBLIC-MED 2nd Open Day

Dr. G.M. Stavrakakis

School building

Buildings: Target groups

- Teachers’ productivity- Students’ performance- Comfort and Air quality- Efficient and affordable

energy retrofit and management

- Students’ performance- Comfort and Indoor Air

Quality (IAQ)

- Comfort and IAQ

Office building

Buildings: Target groups- Workers’ productivity- High quality services- Comfort and Air quality- Efficient and affordable

energy retrofit and management

- Energy-related cost savings

- Comfort and IAQ

- Comfort and IAQ

- High-quality service

Buildings: Key Performance Indicators

…AND comfort and IAQ indicators

Buildings: Desired levels of KPIs for major retrofits

Criteria Description Measurable Index (Units) Objective to achieve

1 Retrofit cost (construction) (€) Minimization

2 Depreciation period (Number of years) Minimization

3 Total annual energy consumption indicator

(KWh/m²/year or MJ/m²/year)

Minimization

4 Annual energy consumption indicator of heating systems

(KWh/m²/year or MJ/m²/year)

Minimization

5 Annual energy consumption indicator of cooling systems

(KWh/m²/year or MJ/m²/year)

Minimization

6 Total annual CO2 emissions (kg/m²/year) Minimization

7 Participation of renewable energy sources

(%) Maximization

Buildings: Desired levels of KPIs for major retrofits

Greek case: Law 4122/2013 (Greek “typical” harmonization with 2010/31/EC)

Target value of Energy class: “B”

…As long as it is techno-economically feasible.

Based on TOTEE 2010 national directive

REPUBLIC-MED: Definition of “B” class based on the national

calculation tool KENAK

Buildings: Desired levels of KPIs towards NZEB

Greek case: Law 4122/2013 (Greek “typical” harmonization with 2010/31/EC)

BarriersNo definition of NZEB levels244/2012 to estimate cost-optimal minimum requirements not yet applied

NZEB: Highly energy-efficient building. The nearly zero or very low energy demand should be covered in a high amount by Renewable Energy Sources (RES), produced on-site or nearby.

REPUBLIC-MED: Definition of NZEB based on previous experience (literature review in progress)

Open spaces: Target groups

“Reduce my house cooling loads”

“It’s too hot in summer”

“It’s very cold here in winters”

“I need fresh air”

Open spaces: Urban Heat Island“The Urban Heat Island is the most obvious climatic manifestation of urbanization”

Landsberg, 1981

Causes:

Trapping of short and long-wave radiation in areas between buildings

Decreased long-wave radiative heat loss due to reduced sky-view factors

Increased storage of sensible heat in the construction materials

Anthropogenic heat released from fuel combustion Reduced potential for evapotranspirationReduced convective heat removal due to the reduction of wind speedUrban Heat Island EffectUrban Heat Island Effect

Ts: Spatially mean value of air temperature in noon of a representative summer day (normally the hottest day) of the year at 1.80 m from the ground.

UHI Intensity: Difference between Ts and temperature of nearby rural environment in the same summer hour.

TCIs: Spatially mean value of a thermal Comfort Index, e.g. PMV, PET, UTCI, in the same summer hour, at 1.80m from the ground.

Tw: Spatially mean value of air temperature in a typical winter day of the year at 1.80m from the ground.

TCIw: Spatially mean value of the thermal comfort index, in the same winter hour, at 1.80m from the ground.

WS: Spatial mean value of wind speed at both winter and summer at 1.80m from the ground.

Open spaces: Key performance indicators

Formulated and operating space

Open spaces: Desired levels of KPIs

KPI Desired change Goal of retrofit Description

UHI intensity Minimization Minimize UHI intensity

Ts Minimization Minimize, ideally Ts_before-Ts_after>1.5C

TCIs Reduce by 15% Improve thermal comfort levels by at least 15%

Tw At least no change

Increase or at least not reduce winter temperature

TCIw At least no change

Improve or at least not deteriorate winter thermal comfort

WS It depends Retain wind speed below 5m/s

Depending on whether the space is windy or not, ensure wind speed below discomfort levels throughout the domain

Semi-formulated and green space

Open spaces: Desired levels of KPIs

KPI Desired change Goal of retrofit Description

UHI intensity Minimization Minimize UHI intensity

Ts Minimization Minimize summer temperature

TCIs Reduce Improve thermal comfort levels

Tw At least no change

Increase or at least not reduce winter temperature

TCIw At least no change

Improve or at least not deteriorate winter thermal comfort

WS It depends Retain wind speed below 5m/s

Depending on whether the space is windy or not, ensure wind speed below discomfort levels throughout the domain

Unformulated green space

Open spaces: Desired levels of KPIs

KPI Desired change Goal of retrofit Description

UHI intensity Minimize if exists Minimize UHI intensity if exists

Ts Reduce or at least no change

The project should not cause increased summer temperature

TCIs Reduce or at least no change

The project should not cause discomfort of visitors

Tw At least no change Increase or at least not reduce winter temperature

TCIw At least no change Improve or at least not deteriorate winter thermal comfort

WS It depends Retain wind speed below 5m/s

Depending on whether the space is windy or not, ensure wind speed below discomfort levels throughout the domain

Open spaces: Call for tenders example

KPI Goal of retrofit Award/evaluation criteria

UHI intensity Minimization 1. Simulation methodology (give advantage to those who account for most critical physical phenomena)

2. Validation (give advantage to those who validate models with measurements)

3. Use a cost/benefit ranking indicator, e.g. DTs/Investment.

4. Promote monitoring procedures proposed at the commissioning stage.

Ts Minimization

TCIs Reduce

Tw At least no change

TCIw At least no change

WS Retain wind speed below 5m/s

ΕΥΧΑΡΙΣΤΩ ΠΟΛΥ

Project technical coordinator

Dr. George M. StavrakakisChemical Engineer, PhD, MSc

Division of Development ProgrammesCentre for Renewable Energy Sources and Saving (CRES) Email address: gstavr@cres.gr Postal address: 19th km, Marathonos Av., GR-19009, Pikermi, Attiki, GreeceTel.: +30 210 6603372Fax: +30 210 6603303

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