Key Terms

Alcohol- drug that depresses the brain and nervous system.

Fermentation-a process where yeast, sugar, and water are combined to make alcohol and carbon dioxide.

Distillation- a process that uses a fermented mixture to obtain an alcoholic beverage with very high alcohol %.

Types of Alcohol

Beer-made by fermenting barley, corn, or rye. Around 4% Alcohol Malt Liquor is a higher % beer Light beer has roughly same % alcohol but less calories.

Wine –made by fermenting grapes and other fruits 12-14 % alcohol Wine coolers are carbonated and contain much lower alcohol %

Liquor-made by distillation. Whiskey, Bourbon, Rye, Rum, Vodka, Brandy, and Tequila Most around 40 % alcohol Measured by Proof which is double the alcohol %

Alcohol in the Body

Alcohol enters the blood stream in minutes About 20 percent through the stomach walls Majority of it through the intestine walls The rest excreted through urine, perspiration, or

breath. What happens to it?

Alcohol is changed to harmless waste by the liver Liver can only process about one drink an hour

• What is left builds up in the body• The more that is consumed the stronger the effects• Alcohol is measured by BAC. Blood Alcohol

Concentration

How much is a Drink?

One Half Ounce is considered a drink of alcohol. 1 beer 4-5 ounces of wine 1 shot 1 mixed drink

What is Alcohol?

Alcohol is a toxin A toxin is a poisonous substance to the body If too much is consumed the stomach rejects

it causing the individual to vomit. The body tries to break down alcohol as fast

as it can• Why would someone be drunk the next day?• Does coffee, fresh air, showers help with

intoxication level?

BAC Factors that effect Blood Alcohol Content

Amount of alcohol consumed• Number of drinks and strength

Speed it is consumed• Faster increases BAC• Can be dangerous

Body weight• Bigger body=more blood

Percentage of body fat• Lean body tissue is more absorbent

Gender• Females

Less stomach enzymes to break down alcohol in stomach to enter blood stream.

Less lean body tissue

BAC More Factors

Feelings• Stress, anger, and fear can speed up the time it takes alcohol to

enter the bloodstream Food eaten

• If someone has alcohol on an empty stomach the alcohol enters the bloodstream much faster.

Other drugs in the system• Tranquilizers and painkillers can heighten the effects of alcohol.

Age• Elderly people are more sensitive to the effects of alcohol

Carbonation• Carbonated beverages pass through the bloodstream faster then

non-carbonated beverages.

Drinking Games and Hazing

Hazing-being forced to take part in dangerous or demanding activities to become a member of a club or group.

Some teens have died They are against the law in most states and also

against most school rules Drinking games can be dangerous because it

can cause binge drinking. Binge drinking

• Consuming large amounts of alcohol in a short time.

What happens as BAC Increases?

0.02-feel relaxed 0.05-speech may slur, decreased coordination and

reaction time. .08-.1-Reasoning, judgment, self control, muscular

coordination and reaction time are seriously slowed. .12-confused and disoriented. May start to vomit. .2-emotions are unpredictable and may change

drastically. .3- little or no control/most people can not stay awake

during this time. .4-likely to become unconscious. Breathing and heart

rate slow. Death can occur. .5-people may enter deep coma and die.

How Alcohol affects the Body Nervous system

Impairs the brain and other parts of the nervous system, such as nerve cells.• May cause blackouts, seizures, and dementia

Digestive system Ulcer open sore on the skin or on a mucus membrane.

• Alcohol increases the secretion of stomach acids. Liver disease-three stages

• 1st stage- the liver becomes enlarged with fatty tissue.• 2nd stage- liver swells even more because of alcohol hepatitis.

Can cause serious illness or death• 3rd stage-can cause cirrhosis which is when there is chronic damage to liver cells.

Can cause liver failure or death. Only way to treat advanced stages is to have a liver transplant

Reproductive system During puberty it can

• postpone menstruation for women• Decrease size of testes for men

How Alcohol affects the Body Immune system

Depresses the function of the immune system Long term drinking lowers the number of infection fighting cells in the

body. Cardiovascular

May damage cardiovascular organs• Increased risk for

Cardiovascular disease High blood pressure Stroke

Skeletal System Makes the body lose calcium Long term?

Urinary system Long term can increase kidney failure

Drinking During Pregnancy Drinking alcohol any time during pregnancy is very

dangerous for the baby. It will always reach the baby through the blood stream

Increases the risk of miscarriage and stillbirth More likely to have babies with a low birth weight Newborns can go through withdrawal symptoms if their

mothers drink during the latter part of pregnancy (FAS) Fetal Alcohol Syndrome-Babies born with severe

birth defects because mother was drinking during pregancy

Small slit eyes Small head Delayed physical and mental growth

Thinking and Decision Making in Regards to Alcohol

Changes decisions May not follow standards, morals, beliefs

• Break the law• Cause harm physically and socially• Break household rules

Makes you feel invincible Cause physical harm i.e.…..jumping of a roof

Intensify sexual feelings Heightens the risk for STD’s

Thinking and Decision Making in Regards to Alcohol

Slows reaction time and coordination Different activities or even walking down the street.

More aggressive Violence is much more prevalent when alcohol is

involved

Intensify emotions Whatever you would feel normally is almost doubled

when alcohol is involved• Suicide attempts

Thinking and Decision Making in Regards to Alcohol

False sense of self confidence Social crutch

Hangover Headache Increased sensitivity to light Vomiting Irritability

Blackouts Have no recollection of what happened for periods of time

Increased chances for alcoholism for teens

Violence

Domestic violence Many cases of domestic violence involve

alcohol. Rape

When alcohol or other drugs are involved the chances for rape increase

Again Why?

Laws

Under 21 Underage drinking starts at .02 BAC Drivers under 21 are legally drunk at .02 or

more BAC 21 or over

Drivers are legally drunk at .08 BAC or more Public Drunkenness

• If acting intoxicated No set BAC level

Alcoholism

A physical and physiological dependence on alcohol. Not all alcoholics drink everyday

Binge drinking alcoholics Functioning alcoholics Hard to cure

Denial-acceptance is the first step Withdrawal

• Nauseous • Anxious• Agitated • Tremor or “the shakes”• vomiting

Getting Help

Alcoholism is a disease, like most diseases it can be treated

Alcoholics need treatment, usually short and long term Alcoholics anonymous or AA is the most common

Signs that show higher risk individuals for alcoholism

Genetics Childhood behavior Psychiatric Disorders Self-esteem Parents

Advertisement

When are they?

What are the people in the advertisements doing and how do they look?

Do they inspire loyalty?

How are they advertised?

What do they try and make you think?

Peer Pressure

What are some tips for saying NO?

What is the best way to not have peer pressure to drink alcohol or do drugs?

Does who you associate with affect what you will be around?

With a Partner

Write down a scenario where someone would receive peer pressure do drink.

Then give several ways the individual could say no.