KEYS TO QUALITY ASSESSMENTS (FORMATIVE & SUMMATIVE)

Jacque Melin

Grand Valley State University

www.formativedifferentiated.com

Thank you for being present today

• You can expect:• conversations• activities• movement• learning

I’m counting on you to…

• learn from one another• actively participate• commit to a partnership in this journey

melinj@gvsu.edu616-450-0998 (cell)616-331-6209 (office)

Today’s Targets

• What is a balanced assessment system? Components? Is our system in balance? Where does the formative assessment process fit?

• What are the 5 Keys to Quality Classroom Assessments?

• How can we use the formative assessment process to help inform our instruction and engage students in learning?

Socrative• Log in as a student.

• Room 7615

PartnersClear Purpose

Clear Targets

Effective Communication

Sound Design

StudentInvolvement

What is Assessment?

• Jot down your thoughts (alone).

• Share at your table

What is Assessment?

• The process of collecting information

• A gathering of evidence of student learning

• A tool to inform and encourage student growth

• According to Evangeline Harris Stefanakis (2002), "The word assess comes from the Latin assidere, which means to sit beside. Literally then, to assess means to sit beside the learner." (p.9) 

Current Practice in Assessment

• What do you currently use in your classroom, school, and/or district to find out what each of your students know?

• Think of all the types of assessments used. Think very specifically.

• (Alone) Using the Post-its, write one type of assessment per sheet. You will have a collection of Post-its when finished.

• Set them aside.

“Clear Purpose” Partner

• Post-It Sort: Review Post-It collections and assessment categories

• Using a piece of chart paper, make two columns labeled “formative” and “summative”

• Sort your Post-Its by category

• Discuss with your “Clear Purpose” Partner

Formative Summative

Formative and Summative Assessment

A quick review

Formative Assessment

• Takes place WHILE the teaching/learning is happening;

• Coaching students to hit a series of learning targets;

• Making students partners in their learning;

• Descriptive feedback and part of instruction;

• Formal or Informal• Assessment FOR learning.

Formative Assessment

•Anything can be used as a formative assessment – it is how the assessment is used that makes it formative. The information gathered from formative assessments needs to help the students know their gaps in knowledge and needs to help the teacher adjust teaching when needed.

Summative Assessment

• A judgment, usually communicated by a grade or score, about how well students achieve the final learning targets;

• Evaluative feedback and after instruction;

• Assessment OF learning.

Our Goal

• As educators our goal is to create and maintain a balanced assessment system that includes high-quality assessments of (summative) and for (formative) student learning.

Different types of assessments

Formal and informal

Used with skill, assessment can…

• Motivate the unmotivated• Restore students’ desire to learn• Encourage students to keep learning • Create—not simply measure—increased achievement

--Stiggins, Arter, Chappuis, & Chappuis, 2011

Form groups of 5

What assessment practices motivate students to improve their learning?

What actions can you take to improve your assessment environment?

Keys to Quality Classroom Assessment

Clear PurposesWhy Assess?

What’s the purpose?Who will use results?

Clear TargetsAssess What?

What are the learning targets?Are they clear?Are they good?

Sound DesignAssess How?

What method?Sampled how?

Avoid bias how?

Effective CommunicationCommunicate How?

How manage information?How report?

Accurate Assessment

Effectively Used

Student InvolvementStudents are users, too.

Students need to understand learning targets, too.Students can participate in the assessment process, too.

Students can track progress and communicate, too.

Key 1: Clear Purpose

• Why assess?

• What’s the purpose?

• Who will use the results?

The ultimate user of assessment information is the student.

Key 2: Clear Targets

• Assess what?

• What are the learning targets?• I can statements

• Are they clear? Are they good?

Key 2: Clear Learning Targets

• Know what kinds of targets are represented in curriculum• Knowledge• Reasoning• Performance skill• Products

• Master the standards ourselves

• Know which targets each assessment measures

• Make learning targets clear to students, too.

24

Deconstruction Process

• What knowledge will students need to demonstrate the intended learning?

• What patterns of reasoning will they need?

• What skills are required, if any?

• What product development capabilities must they acquire, if any?

Knowledge/Understanding

• The facts and concepts we want students to know. Some to be learned outright; some to be retrieved using reference materials.

• Key words: explain, understand, describe, identify, tell, name, list, define, label, match, choose, recall, recognize, select, know

• Example: L3.2.1 Know and use the terms of basic logic.

Reasoning

• Students use what they know to reason and solve problems, make decisions, plan, etc.

• Key Words – analyze, compare/contrast, synthesize, classify, infer, evaluate, etc.

• Example: L3.1.1 Distinguish between inductive and deductive reasoning, identifying and providing examples of each.

Skills

• Students use their knowledge and reasoning to act skillfully; where the doing is what is important.

• Key words – observe, listen, perform, do, question, conduct, work, read, speak, use, demonstrate, explore, etc.

• Example: A3.1.2 Graph lines (including those of the form x = h and y = k) given appropriate information.

Products

• Students use their knowledge, reasoning, and skills to create a concrete product.

• Key words – design, produce, create, develop, make, write, draw, represent, display, model, construct, etc.

• Example – S6.3 Carry out (large sample)

significance tests for one proportion and the

difference of two proportions, with emphasis on

proper interpretation of results.

Product TargetProduct

Performance Skill

Reasoning

Knowledge

Performance Skill TargetPerformance Skill

Reasoning

Knowledge

Reasoning TargetReasoningKnowledge

Knowledge TargetKnowledge

Learning

Target

Hierarchy

Help in deconstructing standards to targets (knowledge, reasoning, skill, product)

• http://education.ky.gov/curriculum/ela/pages/ela-deconstructed-standards.aspx

• http://education.ky.gov/curriculum/math/pages/mathematics-deconstructed-standards.aspx

What is a student friendly learning target?

MATH

Decimals

Page 152 in the book

Going on a decimal hunt

Read decimals and put them in order

I can read decimals and put them in order. This means I can use the correct place value names and show the order of decimals based on their value.

Subject Topic

Assignment Activit

y

Learning

Target

Learning

Target

Learning TargetWith success

criteria

31

Don’t Confuse These Two “C” Words

•Congruent•An exact match

•Correlated•Has some relationship

33

• I can observe changes to earth’s surface over time and use evidence/data to infer the cause of the change.

• I can classify changes to earth’s surface as ‘slow’ or ‘fast’.

• I can describe how the earth’s surface might be slowly (or quickly) changed.

• I can name a process that changes the earth’s surface slowly (or quickly) and compare how it affects different places on earth. 

• I can classify changes by how often they occur and whether they are predictable.

• I can create a model of a volcano to show a fast change to earth’s surface.

• I can name 3 places on earth where a fast change has occurred.

• I can name 3 places on earth where slow changes have occurred.

• I can identify different landforms.• I can locate landforms on a

topographic map.

Congruent or Not?

Students will describe and compare the processes, factors involved and consequences of slow changes (e.g., erosion and weathering) and fast changes (e.g., landslides, earthquakes, floods) to earth’s surface  

Writing student friendly targets“I can…” statements for what we want students to KNOW and DO?

• Statements of intended learning.• Statements that describe how we will know that we have learned it.

• Should be posted, not just shared verbally.

1. I can identify the hypotenuse of any right triangle.

Who am I?

2. I can prove the Pythagorean Theorem by relating the triangle side lengths to areas.

3. I can create a physical proof of the Pythagorean theorem using cubes to show areas.

ca

b

4. I can find any side of a right triangle if I know the two other sides.

Don’t I know you from somewhere?

I’m right here!

5. I can recognize right triangles in real world applications.

6. I can create a right triangle out of any two points in a coordinate system.

B (2,3)

A (-3,-2)

7. I can use right triangles in a coordinate system to find the distance between two points.

How far is it from Albuquerque to Boston?

???

8. I can relate the formulas for the volumes of cones, cylinders, and spheres to the formula for the area of a circle.

9. I can deconstruct real world objects into circular objects.

10. I can use right triangles to find the radii and heights of real world objects and use those values to calculate volumes.

R

H

Christina Hankhttp://turnonyourbrain.wordpress.com/

“I CAN…” Statements GOT IT!! Still

working on it

I need some more time

I CAN identify the steps in the scientific process

I CAN describe the purpose of each step in the scientific process

I CAN use the steps in the scientific process correctly

I CAN make observations about the world around me

I CAN ask questions about the observations I make

I CAN create an investigation to answer the question I ask

I CAN carry out the investigation I have created

I CAN record data and information that I find from my investigation

I CAN communicate the results of my investigation through discussions, graphs and charts or another form that I see fits

I CAN look over my observation, questions, investigation and results and form a conclusion to my original question.

“Clear Targets” Partner

• Are your learning targets clearly and appropriately framed for teachers and students?

• How are you sharing your learning targets with your students?

• How are you helping your students track their progress toward mastery of the learning targets?

• Are the items on your assessments aligned to your learning targets? How do you know?

Key 3: Sound Design

• Assess how?• What method?

Classroom Assessment Strategies

•Multiple Choice

•True-False•Matching•Fill-in-the-Blank

Selected Response

•Diagram•Essay•Short answer (sentences, paragraphs)

•Web•Concept Map

•Flowchart•Graph•Table•Matrix• Illustration

•Presentation

•Science lab •Athletic skill•Dramatization

•Enactment•Project•Debate•Model•Exhibition•Recital•Performance Task

•Oral questioning

•Observation• Interview •Conference• Journal sharing

•Thinking aloud a process

•Student self-assessment

•Peer review

Extended Written

ResponsePerformance Assessment

Observations/Conversations

Adapted from the work of Dr. Robert Marzano

Classroom Assessment Strategies

•Multiple Choice

•True-False

•Matching

•Fill-in-the-Blank

Selected Response

•Diagram•Essay•Short answer (sentences, paragraphs)

•Web•Concept Map

•Flowchart•Graph•Table•Matrix• Illustration

•Presentation

•Science lab •Athletic skill•Dramatization

•Enactment•Project•Debate•Model•Exhibition•Recital•Performance Task

•Oral questioning

•Observation• Interview •Conference• Journal sharing

•Thinking aloud a process

•Student self-assessment

•Peer review

Extended Written

Response

Performance Assessment

Observations/Conversations

Adapted from the work of Dr. Robert Marzano

Classroom Assessment Strategies

•Multiple Choice

•True-False•Matching•Fill-in-the-Blank

Selected Response

•Diagram•Essay•Short answer (sentences, paragraphs)

•Web•Concept Map

•Flowchart•Graph•Table•Matrix• Illustration

•Presentation

•Science lab •Athletic skill•Dramatization

•Enactment•Project•Debate•Model•Exhibition•Recital•Performance Task

•Oral questioning

•Observation• Interview •Conference• Journal sharing

•Thinking aloud a process

•Student self-assessment

•Peer review

Extended Written

Response

Performance Assessment

Observations/Conversations

Adapted from the work of Dr. Robert Marzano

Classroom Assessment Strategies

•Multiple Choice

•True-False•Matching•Fill-in-the-Blank

Selected Response

•Diagram•Essay•Short answer (sentences, paragraphs)

•Web•Concept Map

•Flowchart•Graph•Table•Matrix• Illustration

•Presentation•Science lab •Athletic skill•Dramatization

•Enactment•Project•Debate•Model•Exhibition•Recital•Performance Task

•Oral questioning

•Observation• Interview •Conference• Journal sharing

•Thinking aloud a process

•Student self-assessment

•Peer review

Extended Written

Response

Performance Assessment

Observations/Conversations

Adapted from the work of Dr. Robert Marzano

Classroom Assessment Strategies

•Multiple Choice

•True-False•Matching•Fill-in-the-Blank

Selected Response

•Diagram•Fill-in-the-blank (words, phrases)

•Essay•Short answer (sentences, paragraphs)

•Web•Concept Map

•Flowchart•Graph•Table•Matrix• Illustration

•Presentation

•Science lab •Athletic skill•Dramatization

•Enactment•Project•Debate•Model•Exhibition•Recital•Performance Task

•Oral questioning

•Observation

• Interview •Conference• Journal sharing

•Thinking aloud a process

•Student self-assessment

•Peer review

Extended Written

Response

Performance Assessment

Observations/Conversations

Adapted from the work of Dr. Robert Marzano

Target/Method Match

Target Selected Response

Extended Written Response

Performance Assessment

Observation/Conversation

Knowledge Yes! OK-Understandings of relationships among elements of knowledge

Nope- too time consuming

Maybe (question, evaluate answers, infer mastery) –but time consuming

Target/Method Match

Target Selected Response

Extended Written Response

Performance Assessment

Observation/Conversation

Reasoning Partial!Many, but not all types of reasoning

Yes! Somewhat Yes!

Target/Method Match

Target Selected Response

Extended Written Response

Performance Assessment

Observation/Conversation

Skill Rarely! Perhaps measure-ment skill targets.

No! Yes! Good for some oral proficiency skill targets only.

Target/Method Match

Target Selected Response

Extended Written Response

Performance Assessment

Observation/Conversation

Product No Maybe-if product is written

Yes! No

Assessment Plan

Standards for a unit

Deconstruct the standards in your own words

I can…..statements

KNOWLEDGEREASONINGSKILLPRODUCT

See sample

Key 4: Effective Communication

• Communicate how?

• How do we manage information?

• How do we report? SKIP FOR NOW

Key 5: Student Involvement

• Students are users and can (and should) participate in the assessment process.

• Students are actively involved in every part of the teaching, learning, and assessment process.

Let’s take a look at some assessments…

• Selected Response• https://docs.google.com/forms/d/1aOfIv9qhdhvv5Xl4MVaRKYgiHn

8DnHKvL5VQuOXHA2g/viewform?edit_requested=true

• Extended Written Response

• Performance Task Assessment

• Look for….• Design – target/method match• Student Involvement

Mitosis and Meiosis DNA and RNA Genetic Diseases & Disorders

Prepare a 15 question quiz with answers about the vocabulary for the chapter on mitosis and meiosis.  Questions could be multiple choice, matching, true/false or fill-in.  Include an answer key.                    Quizlet

A publishing company has asked you to write a creative children’s book that explains at least 15 vocabulary words about DNA and RNA to 4th graders.  

                                   Storybird

Create a brochure for a doctor’s office waiting room that explains at least 15 important things from the chapters about genetic diseases & disorders.

                                  Publisher

Create a comic book where the action figures explain at least 15 important key points about mitosis and meiosis.Strip Design or MakeBeliefs Comix

Create a crossword puzzle using at least 15 vocabulary words from the chapters on DNA and RNA.  Write clues for each word.Instant Crossword Puzzle Maker

Design a poster that explains and illustrates at least 15 vocabulary words from the chapters on genetic diseases and disorders.                                Glogster

Compose a poem using at least 15 vocabulary words from the chapters on mitosis and meiosis.  Have your avatar read your poem.                                                              GoAnimate

Create a PowerPoint or Prezi presentation that would explain at least 15 vocabulary words about DNA and RNA.

                 PowerPoint or Prezi

Write a newspaper article for the GR Press that explains at least 15 key points about genetic diseases and disorders.

             Word or Google Docs

Let’s take a look at some assessments…• Selected Response

• https://docs.google.com/forms/d/1aOfIv9qhdhvv5Xl4MVaRKYgiHn8DnHKvL5VQuOXHA2g/viewform?edit_requested=true

• Extended Written Response• Stand alone; Scenario; Prompt; Construct/Create• Set the Context; Specify the Reasoning; Point the Way

• Performance Task Assessment• Use RAFTS• Webquests• PBL

• Look for….• Design – target/method match• Student Involvement

Performance Task Using RAFTS• Imagine you woke up one morning and you realized that you forgot

to study for the final assessment on exponential functions that day.  In a panic, you cannot remember anything about exponential functions at all and you have too many notes and examples to read it before the time of the assessment.  While I know none of you would wait to the last minute to cram for the exponential functions summative assessment, there exist students who will.  Since we all want every student to do well, you will take on the role of a teacher and will create a series of blogs or web videos about exponential functions to place on the internet .  Since the students who are searching the internet and stumbled onto your blogs/videos don’t remember anything about exponential functions, your blogs/videos should have covered all the main concepts about exponential functions.  However, these students are also in a rush and don’t have time to read a 50 page blog or watch a 10 hour long video, so keeping the information short and precise would be best. (Vo, 2013)

Webquest and PBL Resources• Questgarden

• Buck Institute for Education

• West Virginia

“Sound Design” Partner

• How might you improve the design of some of your assessments?

• Are students also assessors during their learning? How? How might you increase this KEY (student involvement)?

• Could some of the assessments you have designed as summative, be used as formative instead? Explain.

Key 4: Effective Communication

• Communicate how?

• How do we manage information?

• How do we report?

Learning Target:__________Date:_____ Assessment:____________Students who have it Students who need

support

Types of Misconceptions Ideas for Next Lessons

One school’s journey• #1: ESTABLISH CLEAR LEARNING TARGETS (NOTE: THIS MUST

BE DONE FIRST)

• #2: DEVELOP COMMON ASSESSMENTS BASED ON CLEAR LEARNING TARGETS

• #3: INCORPORATE STUDENT SELF-ASSESSMENT WITH FORMATIVE ASSESSMENT SYSTEM

• #4: EVALUATE ASSESSMENT KNOWLEDGE

• #5: EVALUATE THE GRADING SYSTEM

• #6: INCORPORATE 4-POINT SCALE AND CREATE RUBRICS FOR CLEAR LEARNING TARGETS

Retake Options• Retakes are available on any summative assessment that a student

takes except for final exams (currently).

• Students retake only the learning targets that they missed the first time around.

• Some teachers use interviews for retakes.

• Before doing the retake, students have to demonstrate that they have prepared themselves by either doing tutoring, doing extra practice problems, studying at home, etc.

• Students must make an appointment with the teacher within one week of getting the summative assessment back in order to retake.

• The student’s new score replaces the old one.

Clear Purpose Partner:

• In what ways has your thinking about the formative assessment been validated?

• In what ways has your thinking about the formative assessment process been challenged?

• Post-It’s Revisited:• Re-sort your Post-its by category• Discuss• If you moved any of your Post-Its from one column to another,

why?• What do you think you will do next in balancing the assessment

system within your classroom, building/district?

Making a Difference Through Assessment

• My favorite assessment quotes….

• InspirationsR. StakeJ. HattieR. Stiggins

Exit Card

•Head – new idea

•Heart – feeling

•Foot – an action to take