Kingdom Animmalia By Kendall Reyes Diana Ramirez Itcelia Segoviano
Transcript
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Kingdom Animmalia By Kendall Reyes Diana Ramirez Itcelia
Segoviano
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Phylum: Porifera (sponges) They feed through pores on their
outer walls. Theyre driven by flagella. Different cells perform
different functions. They are both asexual and sexual. Their
skeleton is made up of collegen and spicules. Porifera are known as
Sponges. Their bodies are hollow and made of a jelly-like
substance. It can filter up to 100 liters of water everyday.
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Class Calcarea Their skeleton consists of individual spicules
of calcium. They are predominantl y found in shallow waters.
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Class Hexactinellida They are glass sponges. They are members
whose spicules of silica fuse in a continuous and often very
beautiful latticework.
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Class Demospongiae This is the largest class. Their skeletons
are made of spicules consisting of the protein spongin, the mineral
silica, or both. Most are marine, but several live in freshwater.
Some are brightly colored, and theres a great diversity in body
shape.
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This is the smallest class, whose skeletons have three kinds of
material: calcium carbonate, silica, and spongin. These sponges
have a skeleton constructed of carbonate. They have a thin, layer
covering a massive skeleton of silica and spongin that support
cells. Class Sclerospongiae
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Phylum: Cnidaria Theyre armed with stingy cells called
nematocysts. 4 major groups: Anthozoa, Cubozoa, Hydrozoa, and
Scyphozoa. At some point in their lives they develop a medusa and a
polyp ( vase-shaped, sedentary stage of Cnidarian life cycle)
stage. They have a gastrovascular cavity that helps them eat prey.
It consists of tentacles around it.
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Class Tentaculata The body is spherical or slightly oval. It
has two long tentacles. On each tentacle there is a lateral row of
fine filaments. It inhabits shallow waters.
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Class Nuda A type of comb jellyfish. Another name for Nuda is
the "mother of comb jellyfish". This class has no tentacles. They
swim with plankton and can be found in all parts of the ocean. The
longest the species can be is around 12 inches long with sac like
bodies and large mouths.
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Class Turbellaria The majority of the 4,500 species in this
class live in the ocean. The most familiar turbellaria is the
freshwater planarian Dugesia. They have a soft epidermis thats
ciliated on the ventral surface. Most are marine, but some are
found in fresh water or on land. They eat small animals or dead and
decaying material. Food thats not digested exits through the mouth.
Excretory: has flame cells whose cilia removes excess water and
nitrogenous bases. Nervous: theres eye spots that are sensitive to
light and pointed lobes that are sensitive to touch. Reproduction:
asexual and sexual.
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Classes Trematoda and Monogenea Trematoda and Monogenea They
both consist of parasitic flukes: leaf-shaped flatworms that
parasitize mammals.Trematoda Theyre parasitic and leaf-shaped. They
have a thick cuticle to prevent digestion from the host.
Nervous/Muscular systems are mostly absent. They produce 1,000s of
eggs because many die. Trematoda Monogenea
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Class Cestoda About 5,000 species of tapeworms exist in this
class. Tapeworms are parasitic. They live in mammals and elk.
Excretory, muscular and nervous systems may be absent. Nutrients
enter by diffusion.
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Phylum: Rotifera (Rotifers)
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Class Seisonidea Reproduce by sexual reproduction only. They
are a marine class. They live in the gills of crustaceans.
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Class Bdelloida Reproduce by parthogenesis. They can survive
extreme temperatures and desiccation for years. Theyre named
Wheeled Animacules for being the first rotifers to be
described.
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Class Monogononta Reproduce by parthogenesis. Theres both fresh
water and marine species in this class. This class contains the
largest number of species counting with over 70% of them occupying
the phylum rotifera.
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Phylum: Mollusca (Mollusks) There are more than 112,000
species. Mollusks comes from the Latin molluscus, meaning soft.
Some are fast-moving predators with complex nervous systems. They
are coelomates. Most mollusks go through a larval stage called a
trochopore. Their body is divided in two main regions: the
head-foot and the visceral mass.
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Class Polyplacophora Theyre commonly known as chitons. They are
marine and the majority inhabit rocky seashore environments. They
will roll up into a ball to protect their under surface. This
condition allows them to roll safely in the waves. Most are
herbivores, but some are carnivores. Theyre nocturnal in
behavior.
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The largest and most diverse class of mollusks with over 40,000
species. During larval development, they undergo torsion: twisting
that brings the mantle cavity, gills, and anus to the front. They
move smoothly thanks to wavelike muscular contractions of the foot.
Theyre commonly called gastropods. They have an open circulatory
system.
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Class Bivalvia Species whose shells are divided into halves
(valves) connected by a hinge. This species can close its shell
with their muscles that are attached to the inside of each valve.
The valves consist of three layers. Their nervous systems consist
of three pairs of ganglia: one pair near the mouth, another in the
digestive system and one in the foot.
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Class Cephalopoda Theyre marine and are commonly called
cephalopods: head-foot. Specialized for free-swimming, and
predatory existence. Tentacles stretch out from their heads. Their
jaws resemble a parrots beak. Their nervous system is the most
advanced of all mollusks. The cells in tentacles sense chemicals in
the water. They have a closed circulatory system. Many release a
dark fluid to distract enemies.
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Class Monoplacophora They were thought to be extinct. Theyre
limpet-shaped mollusks that are segmented like worms. In each
segment, the internal vital organs are duplicated. They live only
in the deeper ocean areas where theyre away from predators.
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Class Aplacophora Theres about 100 known species. Most live in
deep water. Some bury themselves in sand or mud in the oceans to
eat annelids and other small invertebrates. They have no shell.
Posses a trace of mantle cavity. Their feet are absent. They dont
have specialized sense organs. Males release their sperm into the
water and females release their eggs.
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Includes 200 species. The shell is long, cylindrical and tooth-
or tusk-shaped, and open at both ends. The tentacles hang from the
head and are used for gathering the microscopic organisms on which
tusk shells feed. Theyre found in both shallow and deep water.
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Class Oligochaeta They live in soil or in fresh water.
Oligochaeta means few bristles. The most common species is the
earthworm.
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Class Polychaeta About 60% of the species in this phylum are
part of this class. Polychaeta means many bristles. They have
antennae and have specialized mouthparts. Most are marine. Some are
swimmers that use their jaws to eat small animals. While others eat
sediment or search the bottom of the ocean for food.
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Class Hirudinea Consists of about 500 species of leeches. The
smallest class of annelids. Most leeches live in calm fresh
water.
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Nematoda (Roundworms) Theres more than 28,000 species with
16,000 of them being parasitic. They are bilaterally symmetrical
and are surrounded by a noncellular layer: cuticle. They
reproduction sexually and are found in every environment. The
phylum is divided into 2 classes (Adenophorea and
Secernentea.)
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Class Secernentea Their excretory system is tubular. The males
have a single testis. The esophagus varies. Mostly are terrestrial,
theyre rarely freshwater or marine.
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Class Adenophorea They have a non-tubular excretory system.
Males generally has two testes. Theyre marine, freshwater, and
terrestrial.