KINGDOM FUNGI
Taxonomy
Domain Eukarya
Kingdom Fungi
THE FUNGI
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Bacteria Archaea Protista Plants Fungi Animals
Most multicellular
Non-photosynthetic
Heterotrophs
Saprobes
Parasites
Unique cell wall
Chitin
General Characteristics
External digestion
Reproduction
Sexual & asexual
processes
Produce spores
Most are dikaryotic at
some point in life cycle
> 56,000 known species
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Hypha
Single or multicellular filament
Septate or non-septate
Mycelium
Mass of hyphae
Reproductive structure
E.g., sporangium, mushroom
General Morphology
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General Life Cycle
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Fig. 24-4, p. 392
E Nuclear
fusion forms mature
diploid
zygospore.
zygospore (2n)
nuclear fusion
Diploid Stage meiosis
Haploid Stage D Cytoplasmic
fusion of the
gametangia
forms young
zygospore.
spores (n)
germinating
zygospore 50 µm
F Meiosis produces
haploid nuclei, which are
incorporated into spores
when the zygospore
germinates. young zygospore spore sac
C Gametangia
form at the tips of
the hyphae.
haploid
mycelium spores
( n ) gametangia
A Asexual
reproduction B + and − hyphae meet
Quick Quiz: A single strand of haploid
fungal cells is called…
A) Mycelium
B) Zygospore
C) Hypha
D) Mushroom
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Quick Quiz: The product of meiosis in
a fungus is a…
A) seed
B) mycelium
C) spore
D) mushroom
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Basidiomycota (club fungi)
Mushrooms, shelf fungi, puff balls
Ascomycota (sac fungi)
Cup fungi, morels, truffles, yeast
Zygomycota
Bread mold
Chytrids
Glomeromycetes
Major Groups
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Club fungi
E.g., mushrooms, shelf fungi, puff balls
Structures
Basidiocarp, basidiospores
Septate hyphae
Haploid or dikaryotic
Basidiomycota
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Sac fungi
E.g., cup fungi, morels, truffles, yeast
Structures
Ascocarp, ascospores
Septate hyphae
Haploid or dikaryotic
Ascomycota
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Pathogens
Microsporum sp.
Candida albicans
Aspergillis flavus
Ascomycota
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E.g., bread mold (Rhizopus stolonifer)
Structures
Zygospore
Sporangia
Aseptate hyphae
Haploid
Slide 7
Fig. 24.6, p. 396
nuclear fusion meiosis
zygospore (2n)
spores
(n)Zygospore Spore sac
mycelium
develops from
germinated
spore
rhizoids
stolon
ASEXUAL
REPRODUCTION
(mitosis)
contact between
hyphae of two mating
strains
germinating
zygospore
Diploid Stage
Haploid Stage
young zygospore
gametangia
fusing
50 µm
spores
(n)
Zygomycota
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Flagellated fungi
Spores and gametes are motile
Saprobes or parasites
Aseptate hyphae
Haploid
Chytrids
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B. dendrobatidis
Imperfect?
No known sexual reproductive phase
Grow in soil on roots of plants
Symbiotic
Aseptate hyphae
Haploid
Glomeromycetes: Fungi Imperfecti
14 https://biomesfourth09.wikispaces.com/Temperate+Deciduous+Forest+Facts
Quick Quiz: Which of the following
reproduce both sexually and
asexually?
A) Basidiomycota
B) Ascomycota
C) Zygomycota
D) Chytrids
E) Glomeromycota
F) All except E
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Lichen
Fungus (typ. Ascomycota)
Algae (or cyanobacterium)
Fungal Symbionts
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Lichen
Fungal Symbionts
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Fig. 24-14d, p. 398
dispersal fragment
(cells of fungus and of
photosynthetic species)
outer layer
of fungal cells
photosynthetic
species
inner layer of
loosely woven
hyphae
outer layer
of fungal cells
Mycorrhizae
Fungus
Plant roots
Fungal Symbionts
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Quick Quiz: Fungi form symbiotic
relationships frequently with what
kinds of organisms?
A) Heterotrophic
B) Autotrophic
C) Both A and B
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