DOMESTIC OBJECTS PROJECT KITCHEN - SLEEP REPORT & VIDEO PROTOTYPE May, 2017.

CS4052 Group 3 MATTHEW CUNNANE 16186109

ALEX KAVANAGH 15182274 MARIE-CLARE BOOTHMAN 16129148

KITCHEN - SLEEP Prototyping

Final Prototype Report Table of Contents KITCHEN - SLEEP

Final Prototype Report Introduction VIDEO LINK https://vimeo.com/214982273 The Design Concept Technologies used in the design concept How the final prototype relates to theme, Kitchen-Sleep. Reflection Reference Appendix

Introduction Group 3’s objective to create a design intervention for the home to improve the life and well-being of a person has manifested with the invention of a blood monitoring device and companion printer. When used daily, this product improves the user’s nutrition intake and eliminates vitamin and mineral deficiencies in their blood, thereby improving their health. It achieves this by providing the user with precisely tailored nutritional information in the form of printed out meal plans and vitamin prescriptions. The daily printouts empower the person with the necessary information to make the best diet choices for his/her optimum health. The group produced a video prototype that tells the story of this product, a link to which is found at the beginning of the report. The first section of the report is an in-depth description of the design and function of the implanted monitoring chip and its wirelessly linked bedside computer-printer device. Also described in this section are the concepts that lead to the product’s design. From the group’s investigative research into current technologies, RFIDs and thermal printing were singled out as suitable technologies to use in the invention. The next section of the report is dedicated to a description of both these technologies. The space, kitchen, in combination with the sub theme, sleep, were designated as constraints for the design from the outset. There follows a brief discussion on how the final prototype relates back to these two original themes. A summary of reflection from the group looks into what they have learnt from their engagement in the interaction design process, how did using the Ideo methods affect decision making in the development of their design as well as what they liked about it.

Finally, the Appendix contains documentation of the design sketches, storyboards, minutes of meetings and checklists that were created in the design iterations that lead to the Final Video Prototype. Link to the Video Prototype below:

VIDEO LINK https://vimeo.com/214982273 Password: Password

The Design Concept The design concept explores a possible future use of RFID chip implants and how they might support health, wellbeing and disease prevention.

Poster illustrating the concept.

Scientists have developed tiny blood-testing devices that sit under the skin and gives instant blood testing results via a mobile phone (Roberts, M. 2013). Similar devices, Radio-frequency identification chips are small enough to be injected into the human body (Stanford University, 2012). The implanted device in the Kitchen-Sleep project is a tiny medical device, the size of a grain of rice, which is implanted into the body to perform analyses of blood. It is powered wirelessly using electromagnetic radio waves without batteries. The body’s blood is analysed for

vitamin and mineral deficiencies ( Andrews, R. 2017) and this data is transmitted to a bedside device which in turn interprets it according to the personalized settings of the user. The interpreter/bedside device then prints a daily ‘food for a healthy life’ menu. The menu meals incorporate foods containing the correct nutrition for the user’s optimum health on the given day. It also prescribes vitamin supplements when indicated by the blood analyses data. The user chooses to eat the food specified each day on the menu and complies with the vitamin and mineral supplements prescription. Eg: If the data collected during the night by the implant indicates a fluctuation in Vitamin D in the user’s blood, it will print a vitamin D-rich meals plan on that day’s menu and also prescribe a vitamin D supplement. Thus boosting the user’s Vitamin D levels and preventing disease. According to MD, Michael Greger in his book “How not to Die”, the vast majority of premature deaths can be prevented through simple changes in diet and lifestyle (Greger, M and Stone,G. 2015). Hippocrates famously said, “Let food be thy medicine and medicine be thy food”. The design works from this idea of food for health. The product is set to the user’s unique genome profile and medical history, including dietary requirements, it takes into account the uniqueness of each user’s physiology and biology. Therefore, each daily menu is specifically tailored to the user’s individual requirements. Personalizing the user settings of the device is inspired by the emerging science of Nutrigenomics which postulates the idea of personalized nutrition based on genotype (En.wikipedia.org. 2017). Security of the settings information and the 'data in our blood' (Samson, R. 2017) will be factored into the product. The concept of health and wellbeing is symbolised in the design of the printer device by its light green pastel shade and it's cute encouraging appearance. Green is the color of balance, harmony and growth (Empowered By Color, 2017). The experience of getting the implant is toned down in the prototype because puncturing skin is the least attractive part of the concept and might will put potential users off. Reassurance for the user of the safety and effectiveness of the product is conveyed by the professional medical clinic that sells and implants the product. During the ideation stage of the concept, the group used the persona, Maria, who is a widowed 58 year old retired police officer (Group 3, Assignment 2). The user base was broadened out to include sports people and people who were interested in attaining optimum good health.

Technologies used in the design concept Radio-Frequency Identification. The implant device is based on a radio-frequency identification chip. It is enclosed in a glass capsule the size of a grain of rice. Currently RFID systems are expensive. The development of low cost RFIDs is a big challenge at present and more research activities are required in this direction (Kalra, R. 2012) for them to become widely available for use.

There is a pharmaceutical paper that investigates eleven possible medical uses of RFID chips in humans, from dental tags, helping the blind, tracking blood product to the monitoring of biological processes such as abnormal cell proliferation, edema and inflammatory events (Shetty, P, 2012). These chips are like miniaturized service robots at our service (Kaur, S., 2012). Swedish Biohacker, Hannes Sjoblad believes health monitoring will eventually move under the skin -- which will result in better data capture (Osborne, C 2015).

Direct thermal printing. Thermal printing is a digital printing process which produces a printed image/type by selectively heating coated thermochromic paper, or thermal paper as it is commonly known, when the paper passes over the thermal print head. The coating turns black in the areas where it is heated, producing an image (En.wikipedia.org, 2017). Thermal printing was the printing technology of choice because these printers are small, relatively silent and can be operated via bluetooth. See example above, mini thermal printer from Adafruit (Industries, 2017).

How the final prototype relates to theme, Kitchen-Sleep. Relative to the Kitchen: The kitchen is the room that revolves around food and drink, nutrition and health. A person can cook their food in this room to provide themselves energy for the day. The final prototype is focused on what is cooked in the kitchen, as it suggests meals based on vitamin, mineral and other nutritional needs of the user. The device guides the consumer toward using their kitchen to gain maximum benefits from what it has to offer, to improve their overall health, by suggested meal plans based on their nutritional needs.

The object device also relates to the kitchen through its design which is based on a kitchen artefact, a cup. The print out tray represents the tongue of the object. The tongue is for tasting food, food is associated with nutrition (central to this design) eating and cooking. Relative to Sleep: The chip implant collects the data during sleep. The human body is working all the time, even when people sleep, using up energy and vitamins and minerals. As the user sleeps, the chip is at work with an interpreting device at their bedside. Using the time the user is sleeping to compile a menu for the next day. People will sleep better and more consistently when they are in good health. This menu is then printed as soon as the user wakes, allowing them to process this data themself.

Reflection 

This was the first time using the interaction design methods and techniques for all members of the group. The first thing they learned was to try not to come up with a complete idea from the start. Conducting research through the methods suggested by the IDEO cards and brainstorming as many ideas possible produced findings and ideas that slowly came together and were refined over and over until it worked well. The iterative nature of the design process became clear. Collaboration was key, it was each group member's experience that design related work is much better done in a group rather than solo. Everyone will look at and think about things differently so when you have an idea people will notice things another might not and it makes brainstorming easier having other people add in their thoughts and bouncing ideas off one another. Teamwork produced good results. The methods of creating Personas and Scenarios was effective training in giving priority to the users and the stakeholders perspective. Thereby expanding empathy to many diverse types of users. Exploring and visualizing the scenarios in storyboards helped with decision making because it helped to visualise the problems and solutions. Feedback given in weekly class crits and the final testing stage was valuable and effectivefor learning the methodologies and to the development of the design. By the end of this project each member is now more aware of the many technologies that are embedded in the everyday objects we use and in the environments we inhabit. They have gained good understanding of how to use the design methodologies to teases out the interaction components of a problem, revealing it in order to refine the solutions. Through prototyping and testing, the understanding of the product and its users is refined as much as possible (Dam, R & Yu Siang, T, 2017).

Reference Andrews, R. (2017). Blood tests & lab analysis: How it works and what you need to know. | Precision Nutrition. [online] Available at: http://www.precisionnutrition.com/all-about-blood-work [Accessed 10 May 2017]. Dam, R and Yu Siang, T. (2017) 5 Stages in the Design Thinking Process. The Interaction Design Foundation. [online] Available at: https://www.interaction-design.org/literature/article/5-stages-in-the-design-thinking-process [Accessed 29 Apr. 2017]. Empowered By Color. (2017). The Color Green. [online] Available at: http://www.empower-yourself-with-color-psychology.com/color-green.html [Accessed 11 May 2017]. En.wikipedia.org. (2017). Nutrigenomics. [online] Available at: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nutrigenomics [Accessed 11 May 2017]. En.wikipedia.org. (2017). Thermal printing. [online] Available at: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermal_printing [Accessed 6 May 2017]. Greger, M and Stone,G. (2015). How Not to Die: Discover the Foods Scientifically Proven to Prevent and Reverse Disease. New York. Flatiron Books. Industries, A. (2017). Nano Thermal Receipt Printer - TTL Serial ID: 2752 - $44.95 : Adafruit Industries, Unique & fun DIY electronics and kits. [online] Adafruit.com. Available at: https://www.adafruit.com/product/2752 [Accessed 6 May 2017]. Kaur, S. ( 2012). How are the Embedded Chips Going to Affect Our Lives? IETE Technical Review, 29(2), pp.101–104. Kalra, R, Shetty, P, Mutalik, S, Nayak, U, Sreenivasa Reddy, M, & Udupa, N. (2012) 'Pharmaceutical Applications of Radio-Frequency Identification', Systematic Reviews In Pharmacy, 3, 1, pp. 24-30, Academic Search Complete, EBSCOhost, viewed 8 April 2017.

Natural Machines (2017). The makers of Foodini - a 3D food printer making all types of fresh, nutritious foods.. [online] Available at: https://www.naturalmachines.com/ [Accessed 24 Apr. 2017]. Osborne, C (2015). ‘Chips under the skin: Biohacking, the connected body is 'here to stay' . Zero Day | February 17, 2015 Roberts, M. (2013). Under The Skin' Blood-Testing Device Developed - BBC News [online] Available at: http://www.bbc.com/news/health-21841829 [Accessed 10 May 2017]. SoundCloud. (2017). Culture File: Watching The Watchers with Big Brother Watch UK. [online] Available at: https://soundcloud.com/soundsdoable/culture-file-watching-the [Accessed 24 Apr. 2017]. Stanford University. (2012). Swimming through the blood stream: Stanford engineers create wireless, self-propelled medical device. [online] Available at: http://news.stanford.edu/news/2012/february/micro-device-implant-022212.html [Accessed 24 Apr. 2017]. The Medical Futurist. (2017). 20 Medical Technology Advances: Medicine in the Future - Part II. - The Medical Futurist. [online] Available at: http://medicalfuturist.com/20-potential-technological-advances-in-the-future-of-medicine-part-ii/ [Accessed 24 Apr. 2017]. The Medical Futurist. (2017). The Future of Food - The Food of the Future - The Medical Futurist. [online] Available at: http://medicalfuturist.com/the-future-of-food-the-food-of-the-future/ [Accessed 24 Apr. 2017]. YouTube. (2017). Fantastic voyage. [online] Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3o8vsU0Dw-4 [Accessed 24 Apr. 2017].

Appendix Supporting material Early sketches of the Device Object and its functions.

Alex

Sketches that explore voice interaction between user and the bedside device.

Matthew

Final Object design

Alex

First mock up

The development and design of the graphics and the menu product Using mock up thermal paper technique..

Matthew

Storyboards. 1.

2.

Marie-Clare

The group met weekly to work on the project. After each meeting a new storyboard was drawn illustrating the new design iteration.

3.

Discussed at meetings What the film needs to represent: From deficiency in bloods causing bad insufficient sleep, not eating well & poor health. Pushing how the concept works to improve user’s nutrition and thereby improve their health and wellbeing. What to avoid in the film: The experience of getting the implant. Abstract it . Because puncturing skin will put potential users off. The Bigger picture The idea of talking to “stuff”. People being read by machines, connecting them to internet. How the concept touches on the issue of data security & ownership.

4. Final storyboard for film shoot. Referenced throughout shoot to be sure we had all the footage.

Checklist for video shoot: Characters:

1. The Doctor/physiotherapist who implants chip - Alex.

2. The User - Matthew. 3. The Chip device 4. The Device Object

Props: 1. Syringe 2. Uniform for Doc (sterile gloves) 3. Device Object 4. Menus 5. Chip

Equipment:

1. Camera -cameraperson Alex 2. Tripod

Locations: 1. Bedroom 2. Doc’s office 3. Kitchen 4. Outdoor nature