U N C A C Implementation Review

Sujanarko (sujanarko@kpk.go.id)Direktur Pembinaan Jaringan Kerja Antar Komisi dan Instansi

Proses UNCAC Implementation Review Indonesia

Pengisian Self -Asessment Checklist

(Omnibus) Desember 2010

Desk Review OutcomeFebruari 2011

Country VisitApril 2011

[Draft] Country Report

August 2011

[Final Draft] Country Report

January 2012

Executive Summary (Report)

May 2012

1. Ruang Lingkup: Bab 3 (Kriminalisasi & Penegakan Hukum) dan Bab 4 (Kerjasama Internasional) UNCAC

2. Review bersifat non-rating, berorientasi memberi rekomendasi dan technical asisstance

3. Rekomendasi digunakan untuk perbaikan legislasi nasional, perbaikan sistem dan kelembagaan serta capacity buiding

Keterlibatan semua pemangku kepentingan

• POLRI• Kejaksaan Agung• Mahkamah Agung• Kementerian Hukum dan HAM• Kementerian PPN / Bappenas• Kementerian Luar Negeri

• KPK• PPATK• LPSK• Bank Indonesia• Ombudsman• LSM/NGO

Executive Summary

• 5 recommendations in Criminalization• 14 recommendation in Law Enforcement• 3 recommendation in Extradition• 10 recommendation in MLA• KPK & the Court of Corruption were considered good practices• Challenges & Technical Assistance

Chapter 3 Recommendations

CRIMINALIZATION AND LAW ENFORCEMENT

RUU Tipikor

RUU KUHP

RUU Perampasan Aset

Kerjasama pemangku kepentingan

Pengetatan remisi

Perlindungan pelapor

Justice collaborator

Criminal court for minor bribery cases by policemen

Chapter 4 Review & Recommendations

INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION

RUU Ekstradisi

RUU MLA

• KPK– Kemitraan formal dengan 20 institusi dari

15 negara

• PPATK– Kerjasama dengan 30 FIUs negara lain

• Kepolisian– LO di 20 negara– Atase kepolisian 15 negara di Jakarta– 7 perjanjian kerjasama dengan apgakum

negara lain– pengalaman investigasi bersama untuk

kasus terorisme --> perlu dikembangkan di bidang korupsi

Criminalization & Law EnforcementNO RECOMMENDATION1 Consider reassessing the penalties applicable to the bribery and embezzlement offences

2 Criminalize active bribery of public officials and officials of public international organizations, and consider criminalizing passive bribery of these officials

3 Remove articles 12B and 12C from Law No. 31/1999 as amended by Law No. 20/2001

4 Ensure that the terminology used in the legislation about embezzlement covers clearly any property or any other thing of value, in accordance with article 17 of the convention

5 Ensure that the existing norms on abuse of functions cover also non-material advantage, and consider revising the laws to remove the reference to state loss

6 Consider using the criminal courts to prosecute minor cases of bribery committed by policemen

7Consider establishing procedures through which a public official accused of an offence established in accordance with the Convention may be removed, suspended or reassigned at the point of investigation and post conviction

Criminalization & Law Enforcement

NO RECOMMENDATION

8 Consider reviewing the information gathering powers of the PPATK in the light of Law No.8/2010, taking into account good practices in other countries

9 Consider carrying out a study on the implementation of provisions on obstruction of justice to identify enforcement issues and technical assistance requirements

10Consider amending the statute of limitations so that (i) the period starts only when the crime comes to the notice of the prosecutor, and (ii) the period will be interrupted in cases where the alleged offender has evaded the administration of justice

11 Consider allowing also the AGO and the Police to investigate high-ranking officials without seeking prior permission

12 Consider either abolishing the power of an investigator to change the type of detention from imprisonment to city arrest or exercising such power under strict judicial supervision

13 Ensure a complete management of seized, frozen and confiscated property

Criminalization & Law Enforcement

NO RECOMMENDATION

14 Ensure that the gravity of the offence of corruption is taken into account when early release or parole of convicted persons is considered

15 Ensure the protection of reporting persons

16Consider taking additional measures so that corruption may be considered a relevant factor in legal proceedings to annul or rescind a contract, withdraw a concession or other similar instruments or take any other remedial action

17 Ensure that entities or persons who have suffered damage as a result of an act of corruption have the right to initiate legal proceedings against those responsible for that damage in order to obtain compensation

18 Explore the possibility of guaranteeing non-punishment or mitigated sanctions for perpetrators of corruption offences who spontaneously and actively cooperate with law enforcement authorities

19 Ensure that bank secrecy can be overridden by other agencies effectively

Extradition

NO RECOMMENDATION

20 Consider indicating in the law a time limit for deciding to extradite to ensure expeditious procedure

21 When denying an extradition request against a national, ensure that the case is considered for prosecution in Indonesia

22 With regard to extradition requests against a national and relating to the enforcement of a sentence, ensuring enforcing the sentence in Indonesia if the extradition request is denied

Mutual Legal Assistance

NO RECOMMENDATION

23Explore the possibility of reconsidering the conditions on which mutual legal assistance can be afforded without a treaty in order to enable, at least, non-coercive measures of mutual legal assistance to be provided

24 Enable mutual legal assistance in relation to offences for which a legal person may be held liable

25 Ensure that information can be transmitted to another State party without prior request

26 Explore the possibility of providing the KPK, NPO and AGO with the authority to override bank secrecy in the execution of mutual legal assistance requests

27 Explore the possibility of designating the KPK as the central authority for all corruption cases

Mutual Legal Assistance

NO RECOMMENDATION

28In consistency with the practice, specify in the laws that the condition of indicating a desired time limit for request execution is not mandatory, and that Indonesia shall consult with the requesting State when the information contained in the request is not sufficient for approval

29 Explore the possibility of ensuring that the execution of a request can be postponed on the ground that it interferes with an ongoing investigation, prosecution or judicial proceeding in Indonesia

30 Ensure that mutual legal assistance cannot be refused on the ground that it may burden the assets of the state by providing that the costs will be borne by the requested State, unless otherwise agreed

31 Although information available to the general public has been transmitted to a requesting State, ensure that such practice is specified in the law

32 Explore the possibility of transmission of information and documents which are not available to the general public to a requesting State

Usulan Technical Assistance

TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE

Liability of legal persons

Obstruction of justice

Bribery of foreign public

officials

Transfer of criminal

proceeding

Special investigation techniques

Joint investigation

ADOPSI UNCAC

PROLEGNAS

DRAFT RUU

RANCANGAN UU

UNDANG UNDANG

LEGISLASI

STRANAS PK

INPRES PK

AKSI PK

NON STRANAS PK

NON LEGISLASI

Tindak Lanjut – Strategi Nasional • Inpres No 9/2011 tentang Rencana Aksi Pencegahan & Pemberantasan Korupsi tahun 2011

• Inpres No 17/2011 tentang Rencana Aksi Pencegahan & Pemberantasan Korupsi tahun 2012

• Perpres Nomor 55 Tahun 2012 tentang Strategi Nasional Pencegahan dan Pemberantasan Korupsi Jangka Panjang Tahun 2012-2025 dan Jangka Menengah Tahun 2012-2014

• Inpres Nomor 1 tahun 2013 tentang Aksi Pencegahan dan Pemberantasan Korupsi Tahun 2013

• Inpres Nomor 2 Tahun 2014 tentang Aksi Pencegahan dan Pemberantasan Korupsi tahun 2014

(a) Pencegahan

(b) Penegakan hukum

(c) Harmonisasi peraturan perundang-undangan

(d) Kerjasama internasional dan penyelamatan asset hasil tindak pidana korupsi

(e) Pendidikan dan budaya anti korupsi

(f) Mekanisme pelaporan

Fokus Strategi Pencegahan

Peningkatan transparansi & akuntabilitas dalam layanan publik, pengelolaan keuangan negara, penanganan perkara berbasis TI;

•Peningkatan efektivitas sistem pengawasan dan partisipasi masyarakat dalam penyelenggaraan pemerintahan dan keuangan negara;

•Perbaikan sistem rekrutmen/mutasi/ promosi dan Reformasi Birokrasi;

•Peningkatan pengawasan internal dan eksternal serta partisipasi publik;

•Penguatan komitmen anti korupsi;

•Pelaksanaan e-government;

2012-2025

Fokus Strategi Penegakan Hukum 2012-2025

Memperkuat penanganan perkara korupsi (termasuk koordinasi antar penegak hukum);

Penerapan e-law enforcement;

Penerapan zero tolerance dan sanksi hukum yang lebih tegas untuk tipikor;

Fokus Strategi Harmonisasi RegulasiHarmonisasi dan sinkronisasi peraturan perundang-undangan terkait masalah SDA dan modernisasi penegakan hukum dalam sistem peradilan pidana;

•Pemetaan dan perbaikan peraturan terkait penegakan hukum (termasuk perlindungan whistle blowers dan justice collaborators, serta terkait obstruction of justice)

•Harmonisasi dan penyusunan peraturan untuk mengimplementasi UNCAC dan peraturan pendukungnya.

•Kemudahan akses masyarakat dalam pembuatan peraturan perundangan.

•Penyederhanaan jumlah dan jenis perizinan dalam kapasitas daerah.

2012-2025

Fokus Strategi Kerjasama Internasional & Perampasan Aset 2012-2025

Optimalisasi kelembagaan dalam rangka pelaksanaan MLA dengan fokus pada pemantapan Otoritas Pusat.

•Penataan lembaga pengelola aset hasil korupsi.

•Pemahaman di antara lembaga penegak hukum dalam rangka penyelamatan aset hasil korupsi.

•Sosialisasi peraturan perundang-undangan berkenaan dengan penyelamatan aset.

•Kerjasama internasional MLA dan ekstradisi.

Fokus Strategi Pendidikan dan Budaya Anti Korupsi 2012-2025

Pengembangan sistem nilai dan sikap antikorupsi dalam tiga pilar PPK: masyarakat, sektor swasta, dan aparat pemerintah.

•Pengembangan dan penerapan nilai-nilai antikorupsi, kejujuran, dan keterbukaan, di sekolah, perguruan tinggi dan lingkup sosial dalam rangka menciptakan karakter bangsa yang berintegritas.

•Kampanye antikorupsi.

•Memperluas ruang partisipasi masyarakat dalam rangka PPK.

Fokus Strategi Mekanisme PelaporanPenyusunan dan penerapan standar informasi, dokumentasi, dan pelaporan pihak terkait, terutama berbasis TI.

•Mekanisme pelaporan PPK Nasional secara terpadu.

•Partisipasi masyarakat dalam pemantauan dan pelaporan.

•Pengawasan dan pelaksanaan implementasi UU 14/2008 (Keterbukaan Informasi Publik), termasuk mekanisme verifikasi dan klarifikasi dalam pelaksanaan PPK.

•Perluasan akses informasi menyangkut pelaksanaan PPK dan ketentuan UNCAC.

2012-2025

Tantangan vs Potensi

TANTANGAN

• Implementasi UNCAC belum semuanya tertuang dalam UU Pemberlakukan Tindak pidana di Indonesia seperti : “illicit enrichment” , “trading in influence”, ”bribery in the private sector” dll

• Kurangnya Political Will dalam mengimplementasikan UNCAC dalam upaya pemberantasan korupsi

• Koordinasi antar lembaga• Belum efektifnya upaya penerapan UNCAC

dan Stranas PPK dalam pelibatan masyarakat• Urgensi UU Tipikor vs UU KUHP/KUHAP• Keterbatasan kapasitas KPK

POTENSI

• Dukungan Publik dan Peran aktif dan kapabilitas CSO (termasuk universitas)

• Indonesia melalui KPK dijadikan salah satu benchmark internasional dalam pemberantasan korupsi

• Kemudahan bantuan teknis dari dunia internasional dalam peningkatan kapasitas

TERIMA KASIHhttp://www.unodc/unodc/en/treaties/CAC/IRG-session3.html