KU 120

Seminar 9

Tone• Tone is the emotion or mood of the author's written voice.

– An unbiased or neutral tone does not show any feelings for or against a topic. Instead, it focuses on facts.

– A formal tone chooses higher-level words and avoids using the pronouns I and you.

• An objective tone is thus impartial, unbiased, neutral, and most often formal.

• In contrast, a biased tone does show favor for or against a particular topic. – A biased tone uses emotional words that focus on feelings. – Finally an informal tone uses the pronouns I and you to create a connection between

the writer and reader.

• A subjective tone is thus personal, biased, emotional, and often informal.

Tone• In August 2006, the New York Times published an article titled "Tale of the

Tapeworm (Squeamish Readers Stop Here)." Readers who didn't take the warning seriously made a huge mistake. What the article reported on was the story of a woman who had, in the course of making gefilte fish, ingested a tapeworm, and here's where the squeamish should have stopped reading. When the tapeworm was purged from the woman's body, it turned out to be three feet long. The source of numerous and vague symptoms like fatigue and indigestion, the worm had been happily living in the woman's stomach for who knows how long. Disgusting as the idea may be, tapeworms can, in fact, do just that: take up residence in your body without you knowing it. Unless the body gets irritated by its guest and produces some symptoms, the tapeworm can make use of it for as long as twenty years. As if that thought weren't gross enough, tapeworms can, if undetected, grow as long as thirty feet. Consider that the next time you think about eating sushi.

Tone• In August 2006, the New York Times published an article titled "Tale of the Tapeworm (Squeamish Readers Stop Here)."

Readers who didn't take the warning seriously made a huge mistake. What the article reported on was the story of a woman who had, in the course of making gefilte fish, ingested a tapeworm, and here's where the squeamish should have stopped reading. When the tapeworm was purged from the woman's body, it turned out to be three feet long. The source of numerous and vague symptoms like fatigue and indigestion, the worm had been happily living in the woman's stomach for who knows how long. Disgusting as the idea may be, tapeworms can, in fact, do just that: take up residence in your body without you knowing it. Unless the body gets irritated by its guest and produces some symptoms, the tapeworm can make use of it for as long as twenty years. As if that thought weren't gross enough, tapeworms can, if undetected, grow as long as thirty feet. Consider that the next time you think about eating sushi.

The tone is:a. humorousb. horrifiedc. neutrald. lighthearted

Tone• In August 2006, the New York Times published an article titled "Tale of the Tapeworm (Squeamish Readers Stop Here)."

Readers who didn't take the warning seriously made a huge mistake. What the article reported on was the story of a woman who had, in the course of making gefilte fish, ingested a tapeworm, and here's where the squeamish should have stopped reading. When the tapeworm was purged from the woman's body, it turned out to be three feet long. The source of numerous and vague symptoms like fatigue and indigestion, the worm had been happily living in the woman's stomach for who knows how long. Disgusting as the idea may be, tapeworms can, in fact, do just that: take up residence in your body without you knowing it. Unless the body gets irritated by its guest and produces some symptoms, the tapeworm can make use of it for as long as twenty years. As if that thought weren't gross enough, tapeworms can, if undetected, grow as long as thirty feet. Consider that the next time you think about eating sushi.

The tone is:a. humorousb. horrifiedc. neutrald. lighthearted

Tone• For years, critics have argued about the ancient Greek play Oedipus Rex.

Some have claimed that Oedipus knows nothing of his guilt until the end of the play, when it is revealed that he murdered his own father. Others have insisted that Oedipus is aware all along of his guilt. According to this point of view, Oedipus, the brilliant solver of riddles, could not possibly have ignored the mounting evidence that he was the king's murderer. Just how or why this debate has raged for so many years remains a mystery. The correct interpretation is so obvious. Oedipus knows from the beginning that he is guilty. He just pretends to be ignorant of the truth. For example, when a servant tells the story of the king's murder, he uses the word bandits. But when Oedipus repeats this story, he uses the singular form bandit. Sophocles provides clues like this throughout the play. Thus, it's hard to understand why anyone would think that Oedipus does not know the truth about his crime.

Tone• For years, critics have argued about the ancient Greek play Oedipus Rex. Some have claimed that Oedipus knows nothing

of his guilt until the end of the play, when it is revealed that he murdered his own father. Others have insisted that Oedipus is aware all along of his guilt. According to this point of view, Oedipus, the brilliant solver of riddles, could not possibly have ignored the mounting evidence that he was the king's murderer. Just how or why this debate has raged for so many years remains a mystery. The correct interpretation is so obvious. Oedipus knows from the beginning that he is guilty. He just pretends to be ignorant of the truth. For example, when a servant tells the story of the king's murder, he uses the word bandits. But when Oedipus repeats this story, he uses the singular form bandit. Sophocles provides clues like this throughout the play. Thus, it's hard to understand why anyone would think that Oedipus does not know the truth about his crime.

The tone is:a. lightheartedb. extremely confidentc. neutrald. outraged

Tone• For years, critics have argued about the ancient Greek play Oedipus Rex. Some have claimed that Oedipus knows nothing

of his guilt until the end of the play, when it is revealed that he murdered his own father. Others have insisted that Oedipus is aware all along of his guilt. According to this point of view, Oedipus, the brilliant solver of riddles, could not possibly have ignored the mounting evidence that he was the king's murderer. Just how or why this debate has raged for so many years remains a mystery. The correct interpretation is so obvious. Oedipus knows from the beginning that he is guilty. He just pretends to be ignorant of the truth. For example, when a servant tells the story of the king's murder, he uses the word bandits. But when Oedipus repeats this story, he uses the singular form bandit. Sophocles provides clues like this throughout the play. Thus, it's hard to understand why anyone would think that Oedipus does not know the truth about his crime.

The tone is:a. lightheartedb. extremely confidentc. neutrald. outraged

PurposePurpose is the author's reason for writing about the topic.• One of three general purposes will drive a main idea: to inform, to

entertain, and to persuade.– When a writer sets out to inform, he or she shares knowledge and information or offers

instruction about a particular topic.– A writer who sets out to persuade tries to bring the reader into agreement with his or

her view on the topic.– A writer whose purpose is to entertain sets out to captivate or interest the audience.

Purpose and ToneAlmost one-third of America's kids are overweight, and that number is probably increasing. But experts now say that schools could play a big part in the solution to this problem.Kids spend most of their waking hours at school, consuming 25 to 33 percent of their daily calories and getting about 20 to 30 percent of their daily physical activity there. Thus many health care experts argue that school is the logical place to begin encouraging kids to maintain healthier weight levels. The nutritionists are urging school officials to replace their cafeterias' pizza, corndogs, and French fries with more nutritious foods like fruit, salads, and sandwiches.Health experts, like Dr. Antonia Demas of the Food Studies Institute in Trumansburg, New York, advocate ridding schools of vending machines filled with sodas, chips, cookies, and other unhealthy snacks. As Demas puts it, "Food in school frequently... mimics the foods in the fast food culture" - an unhealthy mistake given the link between obesity and a fast food diet. The solution, she says, is to make "food literally part of the school curriculum." In addition, groups like "Kids Health" also recommend that kids spend more time in physical education programs. For example, P.E. Teachers could modify games for smaller groups of students so that each student is physically active for longer periods of time. Fitness activities could also be disguised as fun to encourage kids to work up a sweat while playing.

ToneAlmost one-third of America's kids are overweight, and that number is probably increasing. But experts now say that schools could play a big part in the solution to this problem.Kids spend most of their waking hours at school, consuming 25 to 33 percent of their daily calories and getting about 20 to 30 percent of their daily physical activity there. Thus many health care experts argue that school is the logical place to begin encouraging kids to maintain healthier weight levels. The nutritionists are urging school officials to replace their cafeterias' pizza, corndogs, and French fries with more nutritious foods like fruit, salads, and sandwiches.Health experts, like Dr. Antonia Demas of the Food Studies Institute in Trumansburg, New York, advocate ridding schools of vending machines filled with sodas, chips, cookies, and other unhealthy snacks. As Demas puts it, "Food in school frequently... mimics the foods in the fast food culture" - an unhealthy mistake given the link between obesity and a fast food diet. The solution, she says, is to make "food literally part of the school curriculum." In addition, groups like "Kids Health" also recommend that kids spend more time in physical education programs. For example, P.E. Teachers could modify games for smaller groups of students so that each student is physically active for longer periods of time. Fitness activities could also be disguised as fun to encourage kids to work up a sweat while playing.

The tone of this passage isa. criticalb. neutralc. alarmedd. amused

ToneAlmost one-third of America's kids are overweight, and that number is probably increasing. But experts now say that schools could play a big part in the solution to this problem.Kids spend most of their waking hours at school, consuming 25 to 33 percent of their daily calories and getting about 20 to 30 percent of their daily physical activity there. Thus many health care experts argue that school is the logical place to begin encouraging kids to maintain healthier weight levels. The nutritionists are urging school officials to replace their cafeterias' pizza, corndogs, and French fries with more nutritious foods like fruit, salads, and sandwiches.Health experts, like Dr. Antonia Demas of the Food Studies Institute in Trumansburg, New York, advocate ridding schools of vending machines filled with sodas, chips, cookies, and other unhealthy snacks. As Demas puts it, "Food in school frequently... mimics the foods in the fast food culture" - an unhealthy mistake given the link between obesity and a fast food diet. The solution, she says, is to make "food literally part of the school curriculum." In addition, groups like "Kids Health" also recommend that kids spend more time in physical education programs. For example, P.E. Teachers could modify games for smaller groups of students so that each student is physically active for longer periods of time. Fitness activities could also be disguised as fun to encourage kids to work up a sweat while playing.

The tone of this passage isa. criticalb. neutralc. alarmedd. amused

PurposeAlmost one-third of America's kids are overweight, and that number is probably increasing. But experts now say that schools could play a big part in the solution to this problem.Kids spend most of their waking hours at school, consuming 25 to 33 percent of their daily calories and getting about 20 to 30 percent of their daily physical activity there. Thus many health care experts argue that school is the logical place to begin encouraging kids to maintain healthier weight levels. The nutritionists are urging school officials to replace their cafeterias' pizza, corndogs, and French fries with more nutritious foods like fruit, salads, and sandwiches.Health experts, like Dr. Antonia Demas of the Food Studies Institute in Trumansburg, New York, advocate ridding schools of vending machines filled with sodas, chips, cookies, and other unhealthy snacks. As Demas puts it, "Food in school frequently... mimics the foods in the fast food culture" - an unhealthy mistake given the link between obesity and a fast food diet. The solution, she says, is to make "food literally part of the school curriculum." In addition, groups like "Kids Health" also recommend that kids spend more time in physical education programs. For example, P.E. Teachers could modify games for smaller groups of students so that each student is physically active for longer periods of time. Fitness activities could also be disguised as fun to encourage kids to work up a sweat while playing.

The primary purpose is toa. inform.b. persuade

PurposeAlmost one-third of America's kids are overweight, and that number is probably increasing. But experts now say that schools could play a big part in the solution to this problem.Kids spend most of their waking hours at school, consuming 25 to 33 percent of their daily calories and getting about 20 to 30 percent of their daily physical activity there. Thus many health care experts argue that school is the logical place to begin encouraging kids to maintain healthier weight levels. The nutritionists are urging school officials to replace their cafeterias' pizza, corndogs, and French fries with more nutritious foods like fruit, salads, and sandwiches.Health experts, like Dr. Antonia Demas of the Food Studies Institute in Trumansburg, New York, advocate ridding schools of vending machines filled with sodas, chips, cookies, and other unhealthy snacks. As Demas puts it, "Food in school frequently... mimics the foods in the fast food culture" - an unhealthy mistake given the link between obesity and a fast food diet. The solution, she says, is to make "food literally part of the school curriculum." In addition, groups like "Kids Health" also recommend that kids spend more time in physical education programs. For example, P.E. Teachers could modify games for smaller groups of students so that each student is physically active for longer periods of time. Fitness activities could also be disguised as fun to encourage kids to work up a sweat while playing.

The primary purpose is toa. inform.b. persuade

Tone and Purpose• The practice of prompting audiences to react to performances in certain ways has a long history. In

ancient Rome, Emperor Nero assured that he would receive a favorable reception for his theatrical performances by establishing a school of applause, where he trained 5,000 of his soldiers to clap. In ancient Greece, contestants in comedy competitions would pay supporters to infiltrate the audience and encourage others' laughter with their own. Sixteenth-century poet/playwright Jean Daurat would give away tickets to his plays in exchange for a promise of applause. In nineteenth-century Paris, theaters hired claques, groups of people whose job was to applaud, laugh, or cry as appropriate to make the production seem successful to audience members.

• During the 1940s, some radio shows included the sounds of both live and recorded audience laughter. In the early days of television, large red APPLAUSE signs would flash during programs like The Johnny Carson Show to prompt live studio audiences' laughter. Beginning in 1950, sound engineer Charles Douglass' invention of the Laff Box, recordings of giggles, chuckles, and other responses, began substituting for a live audience reaction on prerecorded TV shows like I Love Lucy and cartoons like the Flintstones.

• The 1960s and 1970s saw the development and perfection of the laugh machine, a device that allowed engineers to select characteristics such as age, sex, laughter type, and duration to create distinct laughter sounds for different shows. Today, some sitcoms - such as Scrubs and The Simpsons - have begun to leave out the laugh track, but many other shows still use it to tell viewers when something is supposed to be funny.

Tone• The practice of prompting audiences to react to performances in certain ways has a long history. In ancient Rome, Emperor Nero assured that he

would receive a favorable reception for his theatrical performances by establishing a school of applause, where he trained 5,000 of his soldiers to clap. In ancient Greece, contestants in comedy competitions would pay supporters to infiltrate the audience and encourage others' laughter with their own. Sixteenth-century poet/playwright Jean Daurat would give away tickets to his plays in exchange for a promise of applause. In nineteenth-century Paris, theaters hired claques, groups of people whose job was to applaud, laugh, or cry as appropriate to make the production seem successful to audience members.

• During the 1940s, some radio shows included the sounds of both live and recorded audience laughter. In the early days of television, large red APPLAUSE signs would flash during programs like The Johnny Carson Show to prompt live studio audiences' laughter. Beginning in 1950, sound engineer Charles Douglass' invention of the Laff Box, recordings of giggles, chuckles, and other responses, began substituting for a live audience reaction on prerecorded TV shows like I Love Lucy and cartoons like the Flintstones.

• The 1960s and 1970s saw the development and perfection of the laugh machine, a device that allowed engineers to select characteristics such as age, sex, laughter type, and duration to create distinct laughter sounds for different shows. Today, some sitcoms - such as Scrubs and The Simpsons - have begun to leave out the laugh track, but many other shows still use it to tell viewers when something is supposed to be funny.

The tone of this passage isa. neutralb. criticalc. furiousd. cautious

Tone• The practice of prompting audiences to react to performances in certain ways has a long history. In ancient Rome, Emperor Nero assured that he

would receive a favorable reception for his theatrical performances by establishing a school of applause, where he trained 5,000 of his soldiers to clap. In ancient Greece, contestants in comedy competitions would pay supporters to infiltrate the audience and encourage others' laughter with their own. Sixteenth-century poet/playwright Jean Daurat would give away tickets to his plays in exchange for a promise of applause. In nineteenth-century Paris, theaters hired claques, groups of people whose job was to applaud, laugh, or cry as appropriate to make the production seem successful to audience members.

• During the 1940s, some radio shows included the sounds of both live and recorded audience laughter. In the early days of television, large red APPLAUSE signs would flash during programs like The Johnny Carson Show to prompt live studio audiences' laughter. Beginning in 1950, sound engineer Charles Douglass' invention of the Laff Box, recordings of giggles, chuckles, and other responses, began substituting for a live audience reaction on prerecorded TV shows like I Love Lucy and cartoons like the Flintstones.

• The 1960s and 1970s saw the development and perfection of the laugh machine, a device that allowed engineers to select characteristics such as age, sex, laughter type, and duration to create distinct laughter sounds for different shows. Today, some sitcoms - such as Scrubs and The Simpsons - have begun to leave out the laugh track, but many other shows still use it to tell viewers when something is supposed to be funny.

The tone of this passage isa. neutralb. criticalc. furiousd. cautious

Purpose• The practice of prompting audiences to react to performances in certain ways has a long history. In ancient Rome, Emperor Nero assured that he

would receive a favorable reception for his theatrical performances by establishing a school of applause, where he trained 5,000 of his soldiers to clap. In ancient Greece, contestants in comedy competitions would pay supporters to infiltrate the audience and encourage others' laughter with their own. Sixteenth-century poet/playwright Jean Daurat would give away tickets to his plays in exchange for a promise of applause. In nineteenth-century Paris, theaters hired claques, groups of people whose job was to applaud, laugh, or cry as appropriate to make the production seem successful to audience members.

• During the 1940s, some radio shows included the sounds of both live and recorded audience laughter. In the early days of television, large red APPLAUSE signs would flash during programs like The Johnny Carson Show to prompt live studio audiences' laughter. Beginning in 1950, sound engineer Charles Douglass' invention of the Laff Box, recordings of giggles, chuckles, and other responses, began substituting for a live audience reaction on prerecorded TV shows like I Love Lucy and cartoons like the Flintstones.

• The 1960s and 1970s saw the development and perfection of the laugh machine, a device that allowed engineers to select characteristics such as age, sex, laughter type, and duration to create distinct laughter sounds for different shows. Today, some sitcoms - such as Scrubs and The Simpsons - have begun to leave out the laugh track, but many other shows still use it to tell viewers when something is supposed to be funny.

The primary purpose is to a. informb. persuade

Purpose• The practice of prompting audiences to react to performances in certain ways has a long history. In ancient Rome, Emperor Nero assured that he

would receive a favorable reception for his theatrical performances by establishing a school of applause, where he trained 5,000 of his soldiers to clap. In ancient Greece, contestants in comedy competitions would pay supporters to infiltrate the audience and encourage others' laughter with their own. Sixteenth-century poet/playwright Jean Daurat would give away tickets to his plays in exchange for a promise of applause. In nineteenth-century Paris, theaters hired claques, groups of people whose job was to applaud, laugh, or cry as appropriate to make the production seem successful to audience members.

• During the 1940s, some radio shows included the sounds of both live and recorded audience laughter. In the early days of television, large red APPLAUSE signs would flash during programs like The Johnny Carson Show to prompt live studio audiences' laughter. Beginning in 1950, sound engineer Charles Douglass' invention of the Laff Box, recordings of giggles, chuckles, and other responses, began substituting for a live audience reaction on prerecorded TV shows like I Love Lucy and cartoons like the Flintstones.

• The 1960s and 1970s saw the development and perfection of the laugh machine, a device that allowed engineers to select characteristics such as age, sex, laughter type, and duration to create distinct laughter sounds for different shows. Today, some sitcoms - such as Scrubs and The Simpsons - have begun to leave out the laugh track, but many other shows still use it to tell viewers when something is supposed to be funny.

The primary purpose is to a. informb. persuade

Tone and Purpose• Paul Gauguin has always been credited with enormous artistic influence. Without a doubt, he

is one of the trio of nineteenth-century painters, along with Vincent Van Gogh and Paul Cezanne, most responsible for shaping the direction of modern art. The innovative colors and forms in his painting led directly to the development of major movements such as Impressionism and influenced such great artists as Henri Matisse and Pablo Picasso. And Gauguin's personal life, particularly his decision to leave Europe in 1891 and spend his remaining days living and painting in exotic Tahiti, contributed to the development of the romantic ideal of the artist as a heroic rebel and inspired several novels and films.

• But these are not the only reasons that Gauguin should continue to interest us. a century after his death, the artist's painting are still as popular and relevant as ever, and Gauguin's creations are prized by the museums fortunate enough to house them. Gauguin's gorgeous colors, distorted figures, and dreamlike scenes of an unspoiled, primitive paradise are still capable of inspiring not only an emotional reaction but also philosophical reflection. Uninterested in telling stories or providing answers, Gauguin used his work to ask the profound moral and intellectual questions that preoccupied him. For example, the French title of his greatest masterpiece, a huge, twelve-foot-long painting depicting a brightly colored scene of seminaked Polynesian women, is translated "Where are we from? What are we? Where are we going?" Because we twenty-first-century humans continue to struggle with these very same questions, Gauguin's work still speaks to us.

Tone• Paul Gauguin has always been credited with enormous artistic influence. Without a doubt, he is one of the trio of nineteenth-century painters, along

with Vincent Van Gogh and Paul Cezanne, most responsible for shaping the direction of modern art. The innovative colors and forms in his painting led directly to the development of major movements such as Impressionism and influenced such great artists as Henri Matisse and Pablo Picasso. And Gauguin's personal life, particularly his decision to leave Europe in 1891 and spend his remaining days living and painting in exotic Tahiti, contributed to the development of the romantic ideal of the artist as a heroic rebel and inspired several novels and films.

• But these are not the only reasons that Gauguin should continue to interest us. a century after his death, the artist's painting are still as popular and relevant as ever, and Gauguin's creations are prized by the museums fortunate enough to house them. Gauguin's gorgeous colors, distorted figures, and dreamlike scenes of an unspoiled, primitive paradise are still capable of inspiring not only an emotional reaction but also philosophical reflection. Uninterested in telling stories or providing answers, Gauguin used his work to ask the profound moral and intellectual questions that preoccupied him. For example, the French title of his greatest masterpiece, a huge, twelve-foot-long painting depicting a brightly colored scene of seminaked Polynesian women, is translated "Where are we from? What are we? Where are we going?" Because we twenty-first-century humans continue to struggle with these very same questions, Gauguin's work still speaks to us.

The tone of this passage isa. nonchalantb. admiringc. objectived. critical

Tone• Paul Gauguin has always been credited with enormous artistic influence. Without a doubt, he is one of the trio of nineteenth-century painters, along

with Vincent Van Gogh and Paul Cezanne, most responsible for shaping the direction of modern art. The innovative colors and forms in his painting led directly to the development of major movements such as Impressionism and influenced such great artists as Henri Matisse and Pablo Picasso. And Gauguin's personal life, particularly his decision to leave Europe in 1891 and spend his remaining days living and painting in exotic Tahiti, contributed to the development of the romantic ideal of the artist as a heroic rebel and inspired several novels and films.

• But these are not the only reasons that Gauguin should continue to interest us. a century after his death, the artist's painting are still as popular and relevant as ever, and Gauguin's creations are prized by the museums fortunate enough to house them. Gauguin's gorgeous colors, distorted figures, and dreamlike scenes of an unspoiled, primitive paradise are still capable of inspiring not only an emotional reaction but also philosophical reflection. Uninterested in telling stories or providing answers, Gauguin used his work to ask the profound moral and intellectual questions that preoccupied him. For example, the French title of his greatest masterpiece, a huge, twelve-foot-long painting depicting a brightly colored scene of seminaked Polynesian women, is translated "Where are we from? What are we? Where are we going?" Because we twenty-first-century humans continue to struggle with these very same questions, Gauguin's work still speaks to us.

The tone of this passage isa. nonchalantb. admiringc. objectived. critical

Purpose• Paul Gauguin has always been credited with enormous artistic influence. Without a doubt, he is one of the trio of nineteenth-century painters, along

with Vincent Van Gogh and Paul Cezanne, most responsible for shaping the direction of modern art. The innovative colors and forms in his painting led directly to the development of major movements such as Impressionism and influenced such great artists as Henri Matisse and Pablo Picasso. And Gauguin's personal life, particularly his decision to leave Europe in 1891 and spend his remaining days living and painting in exotic Tahiti, contributed to the development of the romantic ideal of the artist as a heroic rebel and inspired several novels and films.

• But these are not the only reasons that Gauguin should continue to interest us. a century after his death, the artist's painting are still as popular and relevant as ever, and Gauguin's creations are prized by the museums fortunate enough to house them. Gauguin's gorgeous colors, distorted figures, and dreamlike scenes of an unspoiled, primitive paradise are still capable of inspiring not only an emotional reaction but also philosophical reflection. Uninterested in telling stories or providing answers, Gauguin used his work to ask the profound moral and intellectual questions that preoccupied him. For example, the French title of his greatest masterpiece, a huge, twelve-foot-long painting depicting a brightly colored scene of seminaked Polynesian women, is translated "Where are we from? What are we? Where are we going?" Because we twenty-first-century humans continue to struggle with these very same questions, Gauguin's work still speaks to us.

The primary purpose is to a. informb. persuade

Purpose• Paul Gauguin has always been credited with enormous artistic influence. Without a doubt, he is one of the trio of nineteenth-century painters, along

with Vincent Van Gogh and Paul Cezanne, most responsible for shaping the direction of modern art. The innovative colors and forms in his painting led directly to the development of major movements such as Impressionism and influenced such great artists as Henri Matisse and Pablo Picasso. And Gauguin's personal life, particularly his decision to leave Europe in 1891 and spend his remaining days living and painting in exotic Tahiti, contributed to the development of the romantic ideal of the artist as a heroic rebel and inspired several novels and films.

• But these are not the only reasons that Gauguin should continue to interest us. a century after his death, the artist's painting are still as popular and relevant as ever, and Gauguin's creations are prized by the museums fortunate enough to house them. Gauguin's gorgeous colors, distorted figures, and dreamlike scenes of an unspoiled, primitive paradise are still capable of inspiring not only an emotional reaction but also philosophical reflection. Uninterested in telling stories or providing answers, Gauguin used his work to ask the profound moral and intellectual questions that preoccupied him. For example, the French title of his greatest masterpiece, a huge, twelve-foot-long painting depicting a brightly colored scene of seminaked Polynesian women, is translated "Where are we from? What are we? Where are we going?" Because we twenty-first-century humans continue to struggle with these very same questions, Gauguin's work still speaks to us.

The primary purpose is to a. informb. persuade

Tone and Purpose• Although the state of Oregon may have passed a law allowing the terminally

ill to choose physician-assisted suicide, giving doctors permission to help their patients kill themselves is wrong and should not be legal. Some doctors claim that allowing patients to choose physician-assisted suicide grants dying people the power to make one final decision before their inevitable deaths. However, many of these patients are suffering from depression, a mental state that causes people to give up on life prematurely. When their depression subsides, they tend to feel very differently and often change their minds. And even when patients are not depressed, their wish to die is still a transitory one. In Oregon, 35 percent of those who receive a prescription for a lethal drug dose don't ever use it, proving that more than a third of patients do not really want to hasten their own deaths. If patients are allowed to choose assisted suicide, then doctors could potentially rob these people of the additional days, weeks, or months of life that they would have chosen had they been given the opportunity to reconsider their decisions.

Tone• Although the state of Oregon may have passed a law allowing the terminally ill to choose physician-

assisted suicide, giving doctors permission to help their patients kill themselves is wrong and should not be legal. Some doctors claim that allowing patients to choose physician-assisted suicide grants dying people the power to make one final decision before their inevitable deaths. However, many of these patients are suffering from depression, a mental state that causes people to give up on life prematurely. When their depression subsides, they tend to feel very differently and often change their minds. And even when patients are not depressed, their wish to die is still a transitory one. In Oregon, 35 percent of those who receive a prescription for a lethal drug dose don't ever use it, proving that more than a third of patients do not really want to hasten their own deaths. If patients are allowed to choose assisted suicide, then doctors could potentially rob these people of the additional days, weeks, or months of life that they would have chosen had they been given the opportunity to reconsider their decisions.

The tone of this passage isa. neutralb. alarmedc. friendlyd. puzzled

Tone• Although the state of Oregon may have passed a law allowing the terminally ill to choose physician-

assisted suicide, giving doctors permission to help their patients kill themselves is wrong and should not be legal. Some doctors claim that allowing patients to choose physician-assisted suicide grants dying people the power to make one final decision before their inevitable deaths. However, many of these patients are suffering from depression, a mental state that causes people to give up on life prematurely. When their depression subsides, they tend to feel very differently and often change their minds. And even when patients are not depressed, their wish to die is still a transitory one. In Oregon, 35 percent of those who receive a prescription for a lethal drug dose don't ever use it, proving that more than a third of patients do not really want to hasten their own deaths. If patients are allowed to choose assisted suicide, then doctors could potentially rob these people of the additional days, weeks, or months of life that they would have chosen had they been given the opportunity to reconsider their decisions.

The tone of this passage isa. neutralb. alarmedc. friendlyd. puzzled

Purpose• Although the state of Oregon may have passed a law allowing the terminally ill to choose physician-

assisted suicide, giving doctors permission to help their patients kill themselves is wrong and should not be legal. Some doctors claim that allowing patients to choose physician-assisted suicide grants dying people the power to make one final decision before their inevitable deaths. However, many of these patients are suffering from depression, a mental state that causes people to give up on life prematurely. When their depression subsides, they tend to feel very differently and often change their minds. And even when patients are not depressed, their wish to die is still a transitory one. In Oregon, 35 percent of those who receive a prescription for a lethal drug dose don't ever use it, proving that more than a third of patients do not really want to hasten their own deaths. If patients are allowed to choose assisted suicide, then doctors could potentially rob these people of the additional days, weeks, or months of life that they would have chosen had they been given the opportunity to reconsider their decisions.

The primary purpose is to a. informb. persuade

Purpose• Although the state of Oregon may have passed a law allowing the terminally ill to choose physician-

assisted suicide, giving doctors permission to help their patients kill themselves is wrong and should not be legal. Some doctors claim that allowing patients to choose physician-assisted suicide grants dying people the power to make one final decision before their inevitable deaths. However, many of these patients are suffering from depression, a mental state that causes people to give up on life prematurely. When their depression subsides, they tend to feel very differently and often change their minds. And even when patients are not depressed, their wish to die is still a transitory one. In Oregon, 35 percent of those who receive a prescription for a lethal drug dose don't ever use it, proving that more than a third of patients do not really want to hasten their own deaths. If patients are allowed to choose assisted suicide, then doctors could potentially rob these people of the additional days, weeks, or months of life that they would have chosen had they been given the opportunity to reconsider their decisions.

The primary purpose is to a. informb. persuade

Inference

• An inference or conclusion is an idea that is suggested by the facts or details in a passage.

• A valid inference is a rational judgment based on details and evidence.

• An invalid inference is a false conclusion that is not based on the details, or facts in the text or on reasonable thinking.

InferenceQuestions you might ask yourself in evaluating inferences:• 1. Is the implied main idea solidly based on statements in the paragraph? If asked

to defend your inference, you should be able to point to specific words and sentences that support it.

• 2. Are you relying more on the author's words than on your own personal point of view? Even if the author has chosen a topic you think you know quite well, don't infer a main idea based mainly on what you think or feel about the subject. When inferring a main idea, it's the writer's mind you have to read, not your own.

• 3. Are you sure that none of the author's statements contradict he main idea you inferred? If any of the sentences in a passage contradict the main idea you inferred, you probably haven't hit upon the main idea the author intended.

• 4. Do the sentences in the paragraph connect to your implied main idea/ If you jot the implied main idea in the margins, you should immediately see how the supporting details help develop it.

Inference• In the past, many men and women decided to become flight attendants because

they were attracted to the glamorous, fun, jet-setting lifestyle that came with the job. Now, however, flight attendants are spending most of their workdays dealing with rude, disgruntled passengers who are frustrated by delays, crowded flights, and the disappearance of perks like free food. These surly travelers often leave their manners in the airport terminal and bombard flight attendants with complaints. Then, too, flight attendants must worry about the possibility of terrorism. Since the terrorist hijackings of four airliners on September 11, 2001, flight attendants have to scrutinize passengers' behavior, check suspicious baggage, and take many additional security measures. What's more, the crew must endure the stress and anxiety of working in an environment that is a terrorist target. Working in an industry that is struggling financially, flight attendants also now worry constantly about layoffs and wage or benefit cuts. As their employers slash jobs, those flight attendants still working are putting in longer hours as part of understaffed crews.

Inference• In the past, many men and women decided to become flight attendants because they were attracted to

the glamorous, fun, jet-setting lifestyle that came with the job. Now, however, flight attendants are spending most of their workdays dealing with rude, disgruntled passengers who are frustrated by delays, crowded flights, and the disappearance of perks like free food. These surly travelers often leave their manners in the airport terminal and bombard flight attendants with complaints. Then, too, flight attendants must worry about the possibility of terrorism. Since the terrorist hijackings of four airliners on September 11, 2001, flight attendants have to scrutinize passengers' behavior, check suspicious baggage, and take many additional security measures. What's more, the crew must endure the stress and anxiety of working in an environment that is a terrorist target. Working in an industry that is struggling financially, flight attendants also now worry constantly about layoffs and wage or benefit cuts. As their employers slash jobs, those flight attendants still working are putting in longer hours as part of understaffed crews.

The inference suggested by the details in this passage isa. The airline industry is in shamblesb. The job of flight attendant has lost much of its glamourc. The September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks have significantly affected the airline industry.d. Flight attendants have the most stressful job in America.

Inference• In the past, many men and women decided to become flight attendants because they were attracted to

the glamorous, fun, jet-setting lifestyle that came with the job. Now, however, flight attendants are spending most of their workdays dealing with rude, disgruntled passengers who are frustrated by delays, crowded flights, and the disappearance of perks like free food. These surly travelers often leave their manners in the airport terminal and bombard flight attendants with complaints. Then, too, flight attendants must worry about the possibility of terrorism. Since the terrorist hijackings of four airliners on September 11, 2001, flight attendants have to scrutinize passengers' behavior, check suspicious baggage, and take many additional security measures. What's more, the crew must endure the stress and anxiety of working in an environment that is a terrorist target. Working in an industry that is struggling financially, flight attendants also now worry constantly about layoffs and wage or benefit cuts. As their employers slash jobs, those flight attendants still working are putting in longer hours as part of understaffed crews.

The inference suggested by the details in this passage isa. The airline industry is in shamblesb. The job of flight attendant has lost much of its glamourc. The September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks have significantly affected the airline industry.d. Flight attendants have the most stressful job in America.

Inference• Increasing numbers of Americans are turning to hypnosis to stop smoking

or to lose weight. Similarly, arthritis sufferers are using acupuncture, an ancient method of Chinese healing, to gain some relief from their pain. Cancer patients have also been using nontraditional medical treatments like creative visualization to fight their disease. Some cancer sufferers, for example, imagine themselves as huge and powerful sharks. They imagine their cancer cells as much smaller fish that easily fall prey to the larger and more dangerous sharks. Even some businesses are supporting nontraditional medical treatments and encouraging employees to use meditation in order to ward off migraine headaches and high blood pressure.

Inference• Increasing numbers of Americans are turning to hypnosis to stop smoking or to lose weight. Similarly,

arthritis sufferers are using acupuncture, an ancient method of Chinese healing, to gain some relief from their pain. Cancer patients have also been using nontraditional medical treatments like creative visualization to fight their disease. Some cancer sufferers, for example, imagine themselves as huge and powerful sharks. They imagine their cancer cells as much smaller fish that easily fall prey to the larger and more dangerous sharks. Even some businesses are supporting nontraditional medical treatments and encouraging employees to use meditation in order to ward off migraine headaches and high blood pressure.

The valid inference suggested by the details in this passage isa. In the United States, an ever-growing number of people are turning to nontraditional medical treatments that often do more harm than good.b. In the United States, more and more people are turning to non-traditional medical treatments to deal with medical problems

Inference• Increasing numbers of Americans are turning to hypnosis to stop smoking or to lose weight. Similarly,

arthritis sufferers are using acupuncture, an ancient method of Chinese healing, to gain some relief from their pain. Cancer patients have also been using nontraditional medical treatments like creative visualization to fight their disease. Some cancer sufferers, for example, imagine themselves as huge and powerful sharks. They imagine their cancer cells as much smaller fish that easily fall prey to the larger and more dangerous sharks. Even some businesses are supporting nontraditional medical treatments and encouraging employees to use meditation in order to ward off migraine headaches and high blood pressure.

The valid inference suggested by the details in this passage isa. In the United States, an ever-growing number of people are turning to nontraditional medical treatments that often do more harm than good.b. In the United States, more and more people are turning to non-traditional medical treatments to deal with medical problems

Inference• During World War I, India took the side of Great Britain. After the war

ended in 1918, many Indian citizens dreamed of liberation from British rule, hoping that Britain would show its gratitude and grant India independence. Instead, the British government enacted the 1919 Government of India Act. This act specified that all matters of local and lesser importance would be controlled by the Indian government. Major policies and decisions, however, would continue to be made by the British. Following the passage of the Government of India Act, there was widespread protest throughout most of India.

Inference• During World War I, India took the side of Great Britain. After the war ended in 1918, many Indian citizens

dreamed of liberation from British rule, hoping that Britain would show its gratitude and grant India independence. Instead, the British government enacted the 1919 Government of India Act. This act specified that all matters of local and lesser importance would be controlled by the Indian government. Major policies and decisions, however, would continue to be made by the British. Following the passage of the Government of India Act, there was widespread protest throughout most of India.

The valid inference suggested by the details in this passage isa. After World War I, the British disappointed Indian hopes for independence.b. Because of their disappointment with the Government of India Act, Indian citizens staged a series of protests that only made matters worse.

Inference• During World War I, India took the side of Great Britain. After the war ended in 1918, many Indian citizens

dreamed of liberation from British rule, hoping that Britain would show its gratitude and grant India independence. Instead, the British government enacted the 1919 Government of India Act. This act specified that all matters of local and lesser importance would be controlled by the Indian government. Major policies and decisions, however, would continue to be made by the British. Following the passage of the Government of India Act, there was widespread protest throughout most of India.

The valid inference suggested by the details in this passage isa. After World War I, the British disappointed Indian hopes for independence.b. Because of their disappointment with the Government of India Act, Indian citizens staged a series of protests that only made matters worse.

Unit 9 assignments

1. Read Course Home Page Text

2. My Reading Lab Test – 150 points

3. Discussion Assignment4. KU085 Certificate of Completion