1
Economic Value of Volunteer : Economic Value of Volunteer : Applications to the Science Volunteers Applications to the Science Volunteers
and the Registered Volunteers in Taipeiand the Registered Volunteers in Taipei
Kuo, [email protected]
National Center for High-performance Computing
Chiang, [email protected]
Cheng-Shiu University
Chuang, [email protected]
National Tsing Hua University
2
Government Sector
For-profitSector
Civil Society Sector
The Global Associational The Global Associational
RevolutionRevolution
Source: Implementing the United Nations Handbook on Nonprofit Institutions Asian Implementers’ Meeting
I. IntroductionI. Introduction
3
A Major Economic ForceA Major Economic Force
37 Countries
• 47.6 million FTE jobs
• 7.7% of non-agricultural employment
• 4.5% of economically active population
* In 2002 U.S. dollars
I. IntroductionI. Introduction
NPI Satellite Account
Source: Implementing the United Nations Handbook on Nonprofit Institutions Asian Implementers’ Meeting
• $1.6* trillion in operating expenditures
4
II. CCSS and the NPI Satellite II. CCSS and the NPI Satellite Account SystemAccount System
System of National Accounts
Description of economy
Identify the components which are related to economy and environment
Physical flow account in connection of environment and economic activities
Frameworks of environmental statistics and indicators (FDES, FISD…etc)
Description of economy in environment and social population.
Environmental economic assets and valuation of usage
Figure 1 ： Connection of SNA and IEEA
System for Integrated Economic and Environmental Accounting (IEEA)
Extension of production in SNA
SNA
5
II. CCSS and the NPI II. CCSS and the NPI Satellite Account System Satellite Account System
System of National Accounts
Description of Economy
Identify the components which are related to NPIs
Physical flow account in connection of NPIs and economic activities
NPIs’ Information from government and civil organizations(Lists of membership, Tax records, Report on the Survey of Social Welfare Institutions' Status, Report on the Survey of Civil Organization Activity.
System of NPI Satellite Account
Value of volunteering and nonprofit output of market NPIs
Figure 2 ： Connection of SNA and NPI Satellite Account
SNA
6
II. CCSS and the NPI II. CCSS and the NPI Satellite Account SystemSatellite Account System
Key Tasks to Implement the NPI HandbookKey Tasks to Implement the NPI Handbook
1. Build a statistical register of NPIs for all types of organizations under the Handbook definition of a “nonprofit institution”.
Definition of NPIs in UN Handbook• Organizations• Not-for profit and non-profit-distributing• Institutionally separate from government• Self-governing• Non-compulsory
7
II. CCSS and the NPI II. CCSS and the NPI Satellite Account System Satellite Account System
2. Compile data on NPIs from existing
national accounts data sources.
3. Develop new data sources on NPIs.
4. Integrate new and existing data sources on NPIs.
8
Additional Variables in UN Handbook
• Third-party payments from government
• Non-market output of market NPIs
• Paid employment of NPIs
• Volunteer employment of NPIs
II. CCSS and the NPI II. CCSS and the NPI Satellite Account System Satellite Account System
9
III. National Accounts III. National Accounts and NPIs in Taiwanand NPIs in Taiwan
Industries
Producers of government services
Domestic services of households
Private nonprofit institutions serving households
Non-financial corporations and quasi-corporations
Financial institutions General
government Private nonprofit institutions serving households
Households and private non-corporations
Type of institutional unit
Sectors of the System
Non-financial corporations sector
Financial corporations sector
General government sector
Households sector NPISH (Non-Profit Institutions Serving Households) sector
Corporations
Government units
Households
Non-profit institutions
N1 N2 N3 N4 N5
10
III. National Accounts III. National Accounts and NPIs in Taiwanand NPIs in Taiwan
Table 1: National Classification of Non-Profit Organizations in Taiwan
Social Associations Trade Associations
Academic & Cultural Associations Industrial Associations
Medical & Health Associations Regional Industrial Associations
Religious Associations Union of Regional Industrial Associations
Athletic Associations Chamber of Industry
Social Services & Philanthropic Associations Commercial Associations
International Associations Regional Commercial Associations
Economic Affairs Associations Union of Regional Commercial Associations
Family Clan Associations Regional Exporters Associations
Hometown Associations Union of Regional Exporters Associations
Alumni Associations Chamber of Commerce
Other Non-Profit Organizations Professional Associations
Farmer’s Associations
Fisherman’s Associations
Note: Derived from the Report on the Survey of Civil Organization Activity
11
III. National Accounts III. National Accounts and NPIs in Taiwanand NPIs in Taiwan
Table 2: International Classification of Non-Profit Organizations
Culture and recreation
Education and research
Health
Social services
Environment
Development and housing
Law, advocacy and politics
Philanthropic intermediaries and Voluntarism promotion
International
Religion
Business and professional associations, unions
Not elsewhere classified
Note: Derived from the Handbook on Non-Profit Institutions
12
IV. ApplicationsIV. Applications
Science VolunteersScience Volunteers
• A significant growth in total number
• Male-female ratio: about even with somewhat higher female ratio
serial 1
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
peop
le g
row
th i
n e
very
ear
serial 1
serial 1 216 428 438 1,317
2003 2004 2005 2006
serial 1
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
Fmal
e pe
ople
gro
wth
in e
very
ear
serial 1
serial 1 89 247 251 710
2003 2004 2005 2006
13
IV. ApplicationsIV. Applications
Science VolunteersScience Volunteers• Majority have higher education• Students represent the highest proportion• More than 50% are of age under 30
I contact with my grandchild by e-mail; I also use Linux.
IAVE.ORG was to be established.
The revival of the Butterfly Kingdom.
Working holiday was hold for e-community.
Science Volunteer activity was hold for e-reader area.
14
Economic Value of the Economic Value of the Science VolunteersScience Volunteers
• 4 times more of total volunteer service hours from 2003 to 2006
• Average service hour per person per month ranges from 4.02 to 6.86
• Minimum wage measurement: NT$ 981,948 to NT$ 4,193,112
• Average wage measurement: NT$ 3,471,930 to NT$ 16,905,865
15
Economic Value of the Science Economic Value of the Science VolunteersVolunteers
• Professional wage measurement: NT$ 4,380,083 to NT$ 22,365,170
• Professional wage measurement is better to represent the science volunteer value, because they have contributed their professional skills. For example, science volunteers include lawers, engineers, teachers, etc.
serial 1
0.00
500.00
1,000.00
1,500.00
2,000.00
2,500.00
Est
imat
e of
Pro
fess
iona
l Wor
kers
Per
Mon
thE
cono
mic
Val
ue
serial 1
serial 1 1,689.86 1,796.43 2,185.80 1,415.16
2003 2004 2005 2006
16
IV. ApplicationsIV. Applications
Register Volunteers in TaipeiRegister Volunteers in Taipei
• Total number of volunteers has increased with a growth rate of 36%
• Females are far more than males
• 50%-60% have higher education
17
IV. ApplicationsIV. ApplicationsRegister Volunteers in TaipeiRegister Volunteers in Taipei• Housewives/husbands represents the highest proportion• Majority are middle-aged people
18
Economic Value of the Registered Economic Value of the Registered Volunteers in TaipeiVolunteers in Taipei
• Total hours of service has decreased 4%
• Average hour per person per month has dropped 30% from 4.34 to 3.06
• Minimum wage measurement: NT$ 36,883,044 to NT$ 35,434,014
• Average wage measurement: NT$ 130,409,502 to NT$ 128,657,684
• Total expenditure on social beneficial service is NT$ 5,499,478,000 for the year of 2005
19
Economic Value of the Registered Economic Value of the Registered Volunteers in TaipeiVolunteers in Taipei
• Service sector wage measurement: NT$ 141,083,232 to NT$ 137,043,515
• Service sector wage measurement is better to represent the value of the Registered Volunteer in Taipei.
serial 1
0.00
200.00
400.00
600.00
800.00
1,000.00
1,200.00
Est
imat
es o
f Se
rvic
e Se
ctor
Wor
kers
Per
Mon
thE
cono
mic
Val
ue
serial 1
serial 1 1,095.68 852.84 781.1
2003 2004 2005
20
V. V. Conclusion and Future WorkConclusion and Future Work
• The influence of NPIs in Taiwan is increasing• 2004 survey: 27,181 registered NPIs with 8,89
1,979 members• A supplemental NPI Satellite Account System i
s needed to recognize the influence of NPIs• Applications to the Science Volunteer Program
and the Registered Volunteers in Taipei indicate that the estimated economic values of the volunteer service based on various kinds of measurements are nontrivial
21
Implementing the United Nations Handbook Implementing the United Nations Handbook on Nonprofit Institutions Asian on Nonprofit Institutions Asian Implementers’ Meeting in BangkokImplementers’ Meeting in Bangkok
All members from participating countries and the CCSS of the Johns Hopkins University
Taiwan team with members from the CCSS (Center for Civil Society Studies) of the Johns Hopkins University
