THE INTERNET & WORLD WIDE WEB

Instructor : Mrs Halimaton Sa’adiah Ariffin E-mail : halimaton@usim.edu.my

Telephone : 06-7987039, Office : MPG, Level 2. No. 1

1. Definition of Internet & WWW 2. The origin of the Internet 3. Internet basics 4. Internet applications

• Communicating • E-commerce & Shopping • Searching • Entertainment • Education or e-learning

5. Assignments

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ARPANET

1969

1. US Dept. Of Defense started the networking project to allowed scientist in different location to share information on military & scientific projects : (ARPANET) Advanced Research Projects Agency Network.

2. Launched in 1969, linking scientific and

academic researchers across the United States.

Internet also called the Net, is the largest computer network in the world ; a network of networks that connecting billions of computer users. Each computer served as a host on the network – provides services and connections to other computer on the network. The history :

COLD WAR WITH RUSSIA

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International networks

National networks

Regional networks WITHIN STATES

WITHIN COUNTRY

WITHIN CONTINENTS

Each organization on the Internet is responsible only for maintaining its own network.

WITHIN ORGANIZATION

Local networks

Server is a computer that manages the resources on a network and provides a centralized storage for programs and data. It is also called as host which "serves" files and services out to clients.

Computers connected to the Internet and work together to transfer information around the world as servers or clients.

Clients computers that access the contents of the server.

What do you need to connect to the Internet? First, you'll need a personal computer.

Your personal computer connects to the Internet through ordinary phone lines. Just as humans use telephones to talk to each other, computers use phone lines to talk to other computers. To connect a personal computer through a phone line...

...You need a modem. The modem allows the personal computer to make a connection to the Internet through common phone lines.

Modem is a device which convert computer's digital signals to analog signals before they are transmitted over standard telephone lines.

Your personal computer dials a phone number via your modem. Answering this phone call is your ISP, or Internet Service Provider, which then connects your personal computer to the Internet.

Your personal computer is now connected to the Internet. However, where is the World Wide Web? The World Wide Web, or WWW for short, is actually a part of the Internet.

Within the World Wide Web, there are web sites. Every web site has an address, called its URL (Uniform Resource Locator). For instance, Yahoo! is a web site and its URL is : http://www.yahoo.com/. Knowing this address allows you to access the site.

When you visit the World Wide Web, you need to use a browser, which is a program that knows how to interpret the computer codes that make up web pages.

When you enter an URL into a browser (or click on a link), the browser sends a request for content to the World Wide Web at that web address. For example, let's request content from Yahoo! at : http://www.yahoo.com/

1. The web site processes the request,

2. The content is returned to your personal computer,

3. You are able to read it with your browser. For example, our request for content from Yahoo! has returned its home page.

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Dial-up access is affordable connection solution where speed is not a high priority. Uses existing phone jack and dial up modem configurations. However it is the slowest of all internet services. Many user use as a backup for their broadband services. DSL (Digital Subscriber Line) is a technology that provides high-speed Internet connections using regular telephone lines but it allows phone and data transmission to share the same line unlike dial-up. Faster speeds than dial-up

The further one lives from the service provider the speed of data transfer decreases significantly.

It is a slow-speed technology because of its temporary connection.

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Cable access Many cable TV companies provide permanent online connections and offer high speed Internet access. No phone line is needed but require cable modem. Example : UNIFI, HIPTV, ASTRO

The sharing of bandwidth among so many subscribers within a similar area might result in slower connections.

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Fixed wireless high-speed Internet connections use a dish-shaped antenna (microwave) on house or business to communicate with a tower location via radio signals.

Satellite modem communicates with a satellite dish to provide high-speed Internet connections via satellite. Although a satellite Internet connection is more expensive than cable Internet or DSL connections, sometimes it is the only high-speed Internet option in remote areas. Situated in fixed locations, such

as an office or home, as opposed to devices that are mobile, such as cell phones and PDAs.

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Access Provider / Internet Service Provider is a business that provides individuals and companies access to the Internet free or for a fee. Internet Service Provider (ISP) is a regional or national access providers.

Regional ISP

National ISP

Wireless ISP (WISP)

Provides Internet access to a specific regional area. •DIGI •CELCOM •TM Net •UMobile

http://www.mycen.com.my/malaysia/isp.html

Provides Internet access in cities and towns nationwide. •AT&T

Can be local/national company that provides wireless Internet access to computers or other mobile devices. A hot spot is usually public location like a coffee shop. Some free or other charge a fee. •T-Mobile

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Tim Berners-Lee World Wide Web (WWW) or Web , a widely used service on the Internet, consist of a worldwide collection of electronic documents. Each electronic document on the Web, called a Web page, can contain text, graphics, audio, and video. Services provide by WWW : 1. Common communication protocols (TCP/IP : Transmission Control Protocol /

Internet Protocol) 2. Special languages (HTML : Hypertext Markup

Language) . 3. Special links (called hyperlinks) that enable

users to navigate within Web pages.

A physicist at the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN)

1989

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Web browser or browser, is application software that allows users to access and view Web pages. The more widely used Web browsers for personal computers are :

• Internet explorer

• Netscape

• Mozilla

• Opera

• Safari

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The Web is a series of connected path, or links, that connect you to different Web sites, or locations on the Web. Web pages has a unique address, which is called a URL (Uniform Resource Locator) or Web address. A Web browser retrieves a Web page using its Web address. A Web address consists of • protocol • domain name

DOMAIN NAME

Has two parts which consist of the host and the top level domain (TLD). First part : Identifies who the site’s host is. Second part : The three-letter suffix indicates the kind of organization to which the host belongs. Each country has its own TLD

PROTOCOL

The protocols allows files to be transferred from a Web server so that you can see them on your computer by using Web browser.

www.usim.edu.my

www.mohe.gov.my

www.malaysia.gov.my

http:// /

host TLD

host TLD

http:// /

HOST : any computer that provides services and connections to other computers on a network.

http: hypertext transfer protocol

.com An open TLD where any person is permitted to register.

.edu Degree-granting institutions.

.gov Reserved for government bodies and government institutions only.

.net Originally for networking organizations, is no longer restricted.

.org Organizations (often nonprofits)

.my Malaysia

.us United States

COUNTRY CODE

.au Australia

.ae United Arab Emirates

.bn Brunei Darussalam

AUTHORIZED USER

http://www.usim.edu.my/tamhidi

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E-Mail (electronic mail) is the transmission of messages and files via a computer or network. You can use e-mail program to create, send, receive, forward, store, print, and delete e-mail messages.

COMMUNICATION

username Domain name

Domain code

E-Mail

• Transmission of electronic messages over the Internet

• Basic parts

– Header

• Address

• Subject

• Attachment

– Message

– Signature

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Chat Rooms is a location on the Internet server that permits users to chat with each other in real time. Anyone in the chat room can participate in the conversation , which usually is specific to a particular topic. Newsgroups is an online discussion forum in which people create threads, or conversations. In a thread, a newsgroup member will post messages and read and reply to messages from other members of the newsgroup.

COMMUNICATION

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Instant Messaging (IM) is a real time Internet communications service that notifies you when one or more people are online and then allows you to exchange messages or files or join a private chat room with them. Instant Messenger programs : • Yahoo Messenger • MSN Messenger • AIM

COMMUNICATION

IM : When you use IM services, you have private conversations with people you know.

Chat Room : Anyone who enters the chat room can take part in the conversation

Discussion Groups

• Mailing lists

• Newsgroups

• Chat groups

• Instant Messaging

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Search Tools Search Engines particularly helpful in locating Web pages about certain topics or in locating specific Web pages for which you do not know the exact web address. The resulting list appears in your Web browser as a list of hits, or sites that match your search. Most popular search engines : • Yahoo • Google • MSN

SEARCHING

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SEARCHING

Search Tools Metasearch Engines sends user requests to several other search engines and/or databases and aggregates the results into a single list or displays them according to their source. Metasearch engines enable users to enter search criteria once and access several search engines simultaneously. This also may save the user from having to use multiple search engines separately.

Metasearch Engines

Metasearch Service Site

Dogpile www.dogpile.com

Ixquick www.ixquick.com

Mamma www.manna.com

MetaCrawler www.metacrawler.com

ProFusion www.profusion.com

Search www.search.com

Vivisimo www.vivisimo.com

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SEARCHING Search Tools Specialized Search Engines index pages for particular topics only and very often there are many pages that cannot be found in general-purpose search engines but only in specialized ones. Some of the specialized search engines are huge sites that actually host the resources they link to, or used to be search directories but have evolved to include links not only to sites that were submitted to them Example : • Wikiseek • specializedsearchengines.com • Webquest

http://webquest.sdsu.edu/searching/specialized.html

http://www.askkids.com/

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Electronic Commerce (E-commerce) is a business transaction that occurs over an electronic network such as the Internet. Anyone with access to a computer, an Internet connection, and a means to pay for purchased goods or services can participate in e-commerce. Three types of e-commerce : 1. Business-to-consumer (B2C) 2. Consumer-to-consumer (C2C) 3. Business-to-business (B2B)

E-COMMERCE

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E-COMMERCE

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Business-to-consumer (B2C) e-commerce consists of the sale of goods and services to the general public. Instead of visiting the store to purchase goods. Customers can order one directly from the Web site. A customer (consumer) visits an online business through a web storefronts or electronic storefront, which contains product descriptions, graphics, and a shopping cart. The shopping cart allows the customer to collect purchases. When ready to complete the sale, the customers enters personal data and the method of payment, preferably through a secure Internet connection.

E-COMMERCE

www.Dell.com/MY

www.pizzahut.com.my

Web Storefronts

• Virtual stores

• Web storefront creation packages

– Help businesses create virtual stores

– Allow visitors to register, browse, and make purchase

– Also called commerce servers

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Consumer-to-consumer (C2C) e-commerce Consist of consumers selling each other through online auction sites such as : • eBay • Mudah.my • lelong.my

With an online auction, users bid on an item. C2C occurs when one consumer sells directly to another, such as in an online auction.

E-COMMERCE

Web Auctions

• Consumer-to-consumer e-commerce

• Similar to traditional auctions

• Types

– Auction house sites

– Person-to-person auction sites

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Business-to-business (B2B) e-commerce Consists of business buying selling goods and services to other businesses, such as : • Omaha Paper Company • Printmalaysia.com

Many businesses provide goods and services to other businesses, such as online advertising, recruiting, credit, sales, market research, technical support, and training.

E-COMMERCE

www.omahapaper.com

www.printmalaysia.com

www.allianz.com.my

Security

• Payment methods must be fast, reliable, and secure

• Three basic options

– Checks

– Credit card

– Electronic cash

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When you buy something over the Web, you most likely use a credit card; therefore the exchange of money is done directly between you and a bank.

To ensure that your online shopping experience is a safe one , follow these guidelines : 1. Shop at well-known, reputable sites. If you

aren’t familiar with a site, investigate it. 2. When you place an order, print a copy of the

order and make sure you receive a confirmation number.

3. Make sure the company has a phone number and street address in addition to a Web site.

4. Always pay by credit card. If possible, restrict the use of one credit card for Internet purchases only.

5. Check the return policy. Print a copy and save it.

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An entertainment Web site offers an interactive and engaging environment. Popular entertainment Web sites offer music, videos, sports, games, ongoing Web episodes, sweepstakes, chats, and more. For example : • tv3 online • rtm online • aimini.net • zynga games

ENTERTAINMENT

www.tv3.com.my

www.rtm.gov.my

aimini.net

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An educational Web sites offers exciting, challenging avenues for formal and informal teaching and learning. For a more structured learning experiences, companies provide online training to employees; and college offers online classes and degrees. Instructors often use the Web to enhance classroom teaching by publishing course materials, grades, and other pertinent. Example : 1. GOALS USIM 2. UPSI Portal

EDUCATION

• What is the difference between the Internet and the Web?

• What is an ISP?

• What type of program is Microsoft Internet Explorer?

• I want to shop for items using the Internet. How do I pay for my purchases?

• What are the advantages of Internet2?

Discussion Questions

Discussion Questions

• Discuss the history of the Internet.

• List the Internet Service Providers (ISPs) that are available in your area.

• Describe the advantages of using Instant Messaging (IM).

• Explain the differences between search engines and meta search engines.

• Explain how to use a Web auction.