LAB TOOLS AND
SCIENTIFIC
INVESTIGATI
ON
E A R T H SC I E
N C E UN I T
1: S
C I EN T I F
I C
I NV E S T I G
A T I ON
Main Lab Tools that you must be familiar with include: beaker, graduated cylinder, test tube, test tube tongs, meter stick, balance/scale, goggles, and Erlenmeyer flask
BEAKERS
• Used for holding, mixing and sometimes measuring chemicals
• Unit used: milliliter (mL)
• Used for measuring the volume of liquids.
• Very precise measurements
• Unit used: mL
GRADUATED CYLINDER
• A finger-like length of glass, open a the top and usually a rounded U-shaped bottom.
• Sometimes used for boiling liquids
TEST TUBE
• Use the test tube tongs to hold the test tube while heating liquids.
TONGS
• A meter long stick or ruler
• Marked off in centimeters
• Used for measuring the length of objects
METER STICK
• An scale used to find or measure the mass in objects
• Unit of measure is grams
TRIPLE BEAM BALANCE
• Always wear goggles when working with liquids—even water.
• Goggles protect eyes from chemicals and solids that may be a result of a lab or someone horse playing.
GOGGLES
• Used for holding, mixing, and heating chemicals
• Hard to tip over
• Unit: mL
ERLENMEYER FLASK
• a safe way to identify an unknown chemical.
• bring the container towards your chin, while gently swirling the liquid around
• wave the fumes slowly towards your nose.
• Breathe normally. • NEVER stick your nose
into a container of an unknown chemical!!! Nose, lung, throat or eye damage could result.
WAFTING
1. What materials are available to conduct experiments?
2. How does _____ act?3. How can I change ______ to affect the
action? (IV)4. How can I measure the response of
__________ to show change. (DV)
4-QUESTION STRATEGY
• A prediction about the outcome of an experiment.
• If/then• If=independe
nt variable• Then=depend
ent variable
HYPOTHESIS
• The one factor scientists change during an experiment.
INDEPENDENT VARIABLE
• The factor that changes as a result of the independent variable in an experiment.
• The measurement of the growth of the plant is the dependent variable.
DEPENDENT VARIABLE
CONSTANTS The part of the
experiment that is kept exactly the same during each of the repeated trials of an investigation.
• What was the purpose of the experiment?
• Did the data support your hypothesis?
• Why do you think you got these results?
• What might you change next time?
CONCLUSION