LABORATORY TESTING OF

ORGANIC AND CHEMICAL

WARM MIX ASPHALT

TECHNOLOGIES

Martins Zaumanis

St.Louis, Missouri, 12.10.2011

2nd INTERNATIONAL WARM MIX CONFERENCE

2

• Erik Nielsen

• Erik Olesen

Technical University of

Denmark

• Juris Smirnovs

Riga Technical

University, Latvia

Worcester Polytechnic University

3

Foaming

• Low Energy asphalt

• Low emission asphalt

• WAM®-Foam

• LEAB

• LT asphalt

• Advera

• Aspha min

Organic or wax

• Sasobit

• Asphaltan A

• Asphaltan B

• Licomont BS 100

Chemiclal

• Evotherm ET

• Evotherm DAT

• Cecabase RT

• Rediset WMX

• Warm Mix L

4

Sasobit Rediset WMX

5

Principle

•Fischer-Tropsch process wax

•Crystallization point ~90°C

•At production temperature reduces bitumen viscosity

•After crystallization hardens the bitumen

Production

•The specified dosage of additive can be introduced to binder or purchased in emulsion form

6

Principle

• Melting point ~ 110°C

• Rheology modifier based on organic additives;

• Surface active formulation that allows the bitumen to disperse and coat the aggregates;

• Hydrophilic amine group absorbs on the aggregate surface, which prevents water from entering the aggregate and bitumen interface.

Production

• In form of flakes and granules

• Can be introduced in bitumen, in line with bitumen or directly to mixer

7

Dynamic viscosity

Kinematic viscosity

Softening point

Penetration

G* and δ (40/60only)

Testing unaged

Fraass (50/70only)

Testing after RTFOT @163°C

Change in mass

Bitumen 50/70

Sasobit

3%

Rediset WMX

2%

Bitumen 40/60

Sasobit

2% 3%

Rediset WMX

1% 2%

8

Analysis

Bitumen 50/70 Bitumen 40/60

Ref.

50/70

+3%

Sas.

+2%

Red.

Ref.

40/60

+2%

Sas.

+3%

Sas.

+1%

Red.

+2%

Red.

Penetration at

25°C,

65,0 45,2 55,4 48,0 33,3 32,6 43,0 37,3

Softening

point, °C

50,4 78,4 58,1 50,4 64,0 78,8 51,4 52,2

Dynamic

viscosity at

60oC, Ps·2

340 2379 570 440 1148 2417 446 552

Kinematic

viscosity at

135oC, mm2/s

607 485 529 545 468 422 508 448

Fraass breaking

point, °C

-25 -20 -21 - - - - - 0

200

400

600

800

1000

-40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160

Co

ns

iste

nc

y

Temperature oC

Bitumen 50/70 test data chart

Original bitumen

3% Sasobit

2% Rediset WMX

Compaction viscosity (1.7-25 Pa·s)

Mixing viscosity (0.2-0.55 Pa·s)

Softening point (ASTM), oC

Fraas breaking point, oC

Compaction viscosity (1.7-25 Pa·s)

Mixing viscosity (0.2-0.55 Pa·s)

Softening point (ASTM), oC

Fraas breaking point, oC

9

Analysis Bitumen 50/70

Ref. 50/70 +3% Sas. +2% Red.

Change in mass, % -0,10 -0,09 -0,12

Retained penetration, % 70,8 72,0 69,0

Softening point, °C

(change)

56,8

(+6,4)

80,3

(+1,9)

63,7

(+5,6)

Fraass breaking point, °C

(change)

-20

(+5)

-19

(+1)

-23

(-2)

After RTFOT aging @ 163°C

Test conditions:

*8 different temperatures

*10 frequencies

*2,5mm plate

10

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

G*

Rat

io

Measurement Number

G* relative to pure bitumen as function of temperature and frequency2% Sasobit

3% Sasobit

1% Rediset WMX

2% Rediset WMX

90 C 80 C 70 C 60 C 50 C 40 C 30 C

Increasing frequency from 0.01 Hz to 10 Hz within each temperature

Pure bitumen

100 C

40/60 bitumen

Test conditions:

*8 different temperatures

*10 frequencies

*2,5mm plate

11

40/60 bitumen

-30

-25

-20

-15

-10

-5

0

5

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

Phas

e an

gle

diff

erer

nce,

o

Measurement number

Difference in phase angle relative to 40/60 Bitumen

2% Sasobit 3% Sasobit

1% Rediset WMX 2% Rediset WMX

Increasing frequency from 0.01 Hz to 10 Hz within each temperature

100 C 90 C 80 C 70 C 60 C 50 C 40 C 30 C

Pure bitumen

Original

Mixture composition

Aging

Compaction temperature

155oC

0h 2h 4h

Sasobit 3% Rediset WMX 2%

115oC

Compaction temperature

125oC

Aging Aging

135oC

2h 0h 2h 4h

Compaction

Gyratory compactor

Testing

Dynamic creep

Stiffness modulus

Density

Marshall hummer

Testing

Stiffness modulus

Density Flow and stability

Dynamic creep

EN12697-34 60°C

EN12697-6 (method B)

EN12697-25 40°C

EN12697-26 20°C

EN12697-6 (method D)

EN12697-25 40°C

EN12697-26 20°C 12

SMA-11 (40/60)

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

0h 2h 4h

Sti

fness,

MP

a

Cure time

Reference Sasobit Rediset WMX

13

Indirect tensile test:

*@ 20oC

*55 µm

*rise time of 124 ms

2455

2460

2465

2470

2475

2480

105 115 125 135 145 155

Bu

lkd

en

sit

y,

kg

/m3

Temperature, oC

Gyratory compaction

HMA

Rediset WMX

Sasobit

2455

2460

2465

2470

2475

2480

105 115 125 135 145 155

Bu

lkd

en

sit

y,

kg

/m3

Temperature, oC

Marshall hammer

HMARediset WMXSasobit

84,086,088,090,092,094,096,098,0

100,0

1 10 100%

of

ma

xim

um

de

ns

ity

Number of gyrations

Rediset WMXRed(135C)Red(125C)Red(115C)Ref(155C)

84,086,088,090,092,094,096,098,0

100,0

1 10 100

% o

f m

ax

imu

m d

en

sit

y

Number of gyrations

SasobitSas(135C)Sas(125C)Sas(115C)Ref(155C)

Compactability for 200 gyrations

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

155 135 125 115

Sti

fness m

od

ulu

s,

Mp

a

Compaction temperature, oC

Gyratory specimens

Reference

Sasobit

Rediset WMX

15

Indirect tensile test:

*IT CY

*@ 20oC

*55 µm

*rise time of 124 ms

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

155 135 125 115

Sti

fne

ss

mo

du

lus

, M

pa

Compaction temperature, oC

Marshall specimens

Reference

Sasobit

RedisetWMX

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

155 135 125 115

Mars

hall f

low

, m

m

Temperature, oC

Reference

Sasobit

Rediset WMX

16

Marshall test @ 60oC

Stability test results

Flow test results

00,20,40,60,8

11,21,41,61,8

2

155 135 125 115

Mars

hall q

uo

tien

t, k

N/m

m

Temperature, oC

Reference

Sasobit

Rediset WMX

0123456789

10

155 135 125 115

Ma

rsh

all

sta

bil

ity,

kN

Temperature, oC

Reference

Sasobit

Rediset WMX

Marshal quotient

17

Dynamic creep test:

*@40oC

*3600 pulses

*100 kPa stress

*900s relaxation period

012345

Stra

in, %

Temperature

Marshall specimens

Reference

Sasobit

RedisetWMX

155oC 125oC 125oC

2,12,5 2,3

Air voids

012345

Stra

in, %

Temperature

Gyratory specimens

Reference

Sasobit

RedisetWMX

155oC 125oC 125oC

2,62,3 2,4

Air voids

Maximum strain results

18

• Addition of Sasobit® changes the bitumen viscosity and provides higher resistance to deformations and improved elasticity of bitumen;

• Addition of Rediset WMX® has minor effect on bitumen rheology;

• Addition of both additives increases the Fraas breaking point temperature; after RTFOT they are similar again;

• Asphalt aging should be performed before compaction;

• WMA has similar compaction characteristics and density as HMA at up to 30oC lower temperature;

• Similar mechanical performance at temperature 30oC lower than for HMA.

Future work:

• Building a WMA test section in Latvia

Martins Zaumanis

St.Louis, Missouri, 12.10.2011