Organic Molecules:2.3 Chemical compounds containing Carbon

What are we made of?

Carbon (C)

Hydrogen (H)

Oxygen (O)

Nitrogen (N)

Phosphorous (P)

(*Sulfur (S), Calcium (Ca), Potassium (K))

Atoms

Molecules

Macromolecules

Food

MetabolismCells Metabolism

Building Blocks

Vocabulary Check

Explain the difference between monomers and polymers based on the picture to the right!

Organic Molecules

Carbohydrates (sugars)ProteinsLipids(fats)Nucleic Acids (DNA & RNA)

Carbohydrates(Sugars)

2:1 ratio between Hydrogen and Oxygen. (CH2O) Monomer = Monosaccharides

Monosaccharides (simple sugars) C6H12O6

glucose, fructose, and galactoseDisaccharides (double sugars) sucrose and lactosePolysaccharides (complex sugars) starch, cellulose, and glycogen

Carbohydrate Functions

Quick energy foods (1 gram contains 4 calories of energy): glucose, sucrose, and fructose

Storage (starch in plants, glycogen in animals)

Structure (cellulose and chitin)

Food Sources for Carbohydrates

Protein

Monomer = amino acids.

Each amino acid contains an NH2 or amino group and a CO2H or carboxyl group

Examples

Actin/ Myosin

Hemoglobin

Antibodies

Enzymes: amylase, protease

Protein Functions

Movement: Makes up muscle tissue (actin and myosin).Transport: Carries oxygen in organisms (hemoglobin).Immunity: Helps fight off foreign invaders

(antibodies).Enzymes: Speed up chemical reactions (amylase and trypsin).Energy source (1 gram = 4 cal of energy).

Food Sources of Protein

Lipids

Monomer= Fatty Acid

Examples: Fats, Steroids, Cholesterol, and Wax.

They are found surrounding internal organs, in each cell membrane, and clogging arteries and veins.

Main Types of Fats

Saturated: No double bonds between the carbons

Solid at room temperature

Found mostly in animals.

Unsaturated: Double bonds between some of the carbons

Liquid at room temperature

Found mostly in plants

Lipid Functions

High Energy food. 1 gram contains 9 cal of energy.

Protects vital organs

Insulates the body

Stores food for later use

Food Sources for Fats

Energy Review

Nucleic Acids

Monomer = nucleotides

Examples are: DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid) and RNA (Ribonucleic acid).

Nucleic Acid Comparison

DNA

Double Helix ( twisted ladder)

Contains the bases A, T, C, & G

Contains the code for the bodies proteins

RNA

Single strand

Contains the bases A, U, C, & G

Carries the code for a protein, transfers amino acids to ribosomes.

Monomers Build Polymers

How Organic Compounds are Formed and Destroyed

Dehydration Synthesis

Hydrolysis

Dehydration Synthesis

The combination of two monomers (building blocks) using enzymes and losing water.

Hydrolysis

The process of breaking down a polymer (large organic molecule) into its sub units using enzymes and water.