LaminitisLaminitis (Founder, Sinking)(Founder, Sinking)

Assist. Prof; Assist. Prof;

Dr. Ahmed. H. F. AL-BayatiDr. Ahmed. H. F. AL-Bayati

College of Veterinary MedicineCollege of Veterinary MedicineBaghdad UniversityBaghdad University

LaminitisLaminitis (Founder, Sinking)(Founder, Sinking)

* * It is an inflammation of laminaes of the hoof (sensitive & It is an inflammation of laminaes of the hoof (sensitive & insensitive laminae) characterized by insensitive laminae) characterized by passive congestion of passive congestion of the sensitive laminaethe sensitive laminae with blood. Commonly affected the with blood. Commonly affected the forelimbs & rarely the hind limbs.forelimbs & rarely the hind limbs.

EtiologyEtiology 11 . .Infectious laminitisInfectious laminitis::

Occur due to endotoxin of bacteria, ex (Occur due to endotoxin of bacteria, ex (Endometritis or retention of Endometritis or retention of placenta placenta)) . .

22 . .Non infectious laminitisNon infectious laminitis::A. Grain FounderA. Grain Founder.. * * Occur due to ingestion of large amount of grain (Occur due to ingestion of large amount of grain (Toxic amountToxic amount)) * Grain containing toxin called (* Grain containing toxin called (HistidenHistiden), which convert into ), which convert into histaminehistamine by by

decarboxylation decarboxylation * Lead to gastroenteritis* Lead to gastroenteritisB. Water FounderB. Water Founder..

* * Occur due to drinking of a large amount of Occur due to drinking of a large amount of cold water cold water by over heated by over heated horse, that will be liberated the histaminehorse, that will be liberated the histamine . .

C. Road FounderC. Road Founder.. Occur due to local traumaOccur due to local trauma..

D. Grass founderD. Grass founder.. Occur due to obesity & ingestion of lush grass pasture (Occur due to obesity & ingestion of lush grass pasture (Alfa AlfaAlfa Alfa))

E. Hormonal causesE. Hormonal causes.. Some hormones caused liberation of the histamine, ex (Some hormones caused liberation of the histamine, ex (EstrogenEstrogen)) . .

F. Viral respiratory diseasesF. Viral respiratory diseases..

G. PPIDG. PPID

Pituitary Pars Intermedial dysfunction (Pituitary Pars Intermedial dysfunction (Equine Cushing's. DEquine Cushing's. D))

** One of the One of the most commonmost common

causes of laminitiscauses of laminitis..

** Increased the risk of Increased the risk of laminitis in laminitis in older horsesolder horses range age (range age (3-153-15) Years) Years . .

** Occur due to uncontrolled Occur due to uncontrolled production of production of ACTHACTH by by pituitary glandpituitary gland..

Curly hair coat (Curly hair coat (HairsutismHairsutism)

SymptomsSymptoms

11.. Acute laminitisAcute laminitis::A.A. Laminitis may be affected either front or all Laminitis may be affected either front or all (4) feet's(4) feet's..

B.B. The animal keeps his fore limbs in front of The animal keeps his fore limbs in front of the body & hind limbs carried up and the body & hind limbs carried up and placed under the abdomenplaced under the abdomen..

C.C. Animal appeared great Animal appeared great reluctance to reluctance to movemove..D. D. Shot stapes stiff movement Shot stapes stiff movement like walking like walking over nailsover nails. Walking on the heel. Walking on the heel..

E. E. Separation of sensitiveSeparation of sensitive and insensitive and insensitive laminaes from horny laminae (laminaes from horny laminae (Seedy ToeSeedy Toe) ) with accumulation of exudation with painful with accumulation of exudation with painful by palpation'sby palpation's . .

F. F. In case of systemic infections, there is In case of systemic infections, there is increased inincreased in * Body temperature * Body temperature ((40-41C40-41C).).

* *Respiratory rateRespiratory rate..G.G. M.M congestionM.M congestion due to toxemia, Increased due to toxemia, Increased digital pulsation, trembling of musclesdigital pulsation, trembling of muscles..

H. H. Sever bleedingSever bleeding (when trimining )(when trimining ).. I.I. DeathDeath may occur from acute laminitis (not may occur from acute laminitis (not

common)common)..

22 . .Chronic laminitisChronic laminitis

11 . .Rotation of 3rd phalanxRotation of 3rd phalanx

due to Laminae separation from hoof wall due to Laminae separation from hoof wall due to:due to:

* Weight of animal.* Weight of animal. * Pulling of 3rd phalanx by DDFT.* Pulling of 3rd phalanx by DDFT. * Ischemia in the insensitive Laminae * Ischemia in the insensitive Laminae ((pressure by congested B.V of sensitivepressure by congested B.V of sensitive LaminaeLaminae). ). * Inflammation. * Inflammation. 22. . Sinking of 3rd phalanx .Sinking of 3rd phalanx .

33. . Some horses loss the hoofSome horses loss the hoof completelycompletely, (10) , (10) days before typical laminitis ring are days before typical laminitis ring are present (this begin as a crack at the present (this begin as a crack at the coronary band & extended completely coronary band & extended completely around the wall) Several weeks may elapse around the wall) Several weeks may elapse before slough of the hoof finally.before slough of the hoof finally.

44. . Difficult movementDifficult movement..

Normal hoof Singing phalanx

55. . Abnormal growth of hoofAbnormal growth of hoof (Laminitis ring)(Laminitis ring) due to due to irregulatory in production irregulatory in production of horny material through of horny material through the hoof wall.the hoof wall.

66. . Toe pushed out Toe pushed out through through the sole within 72 hr.the sole within 72 hr.

TreatmentTreatment 1. Stable rest .1. Stable rest .

2. 2. Put the hoof in cold packPut the hoof in cold pack (water or ice). (water or ice).

3. Put the animal in soft ground (straw or sand) or inject 3. Put the animal in soft ground (straw or sand) or inject with acepromazin (0.05-0.1mg/kg) as analgesic.with acepromazin (0.05-0.1mg/kg) as analgesic.

4. 4. Bleeding the affected footBleeding the affected foot from sole by hoof knife till from sole by hoof knife till reaches the sole corium to decrease the level of reaches the sole corium to decrease the level of congestion. congestion.

5. 5. Removed the causative agent;Removed the causative agent;

* Give laxative (mineral oil or purgative).* Give laxative (mineral oil or purgative).

* Injection of * Injection of anti-microbialanti-microbial agent or orally to treated agent or orally to treated the infection. the infection.

* Administration of * Administration of antihistaminicantihistaminic drug to reduced the drug to reduced the effects of histamine. effects of histamine.

6. 6. Corticosteroid Corticosteroid injection. injection.

7. 7. Nerve blockNerve block (Median or Volar nerve). (Median or Volar nerve).

8. 8. Anti-tetanicAnti-tetanic serum. serum.

9. 9. Washing or soaking of footWashing or soaking of foot with 10% sodium sulfa-pyridin. with 10% sodium sulfa-pyridin.

10. 10. Corrective shoeingCorrective shoeing (lowering heel, rasping the quarters). (lowering heel, rasping the quarters).

11. Forced 11. Forced exercise exercise to promote venous blood flow to promote venous blood flow ((local local anesthesia or nerve block may help if pain severanesthesia or nerve block may help if pain sever))..

12. Administration of 12. Administration of Biotin Biotin (5.5mg/10kg), to release of (5.5mg/10kg), to release of sulphur containing amino acids to stimulate hoof growth.sulphur containing amino acids to stimulate hoof growth.

PrognosisPrognosis

Always unfavorableAlways unfavorable