TRANSPORTATION MANAGEMENT

TRANSPORTATION MANAGEMENTPEDESTRIANIZATIONOBJECTIVESIdentify modes of land transport, history and technological development.Knowledge about different terminologies.Understand the functions of different government agencies related to road transportation.

Walking in developed countriesWalking in developing countriesBACKGROUNDWalking has been believed as a prerequisite to create lively,safe, sustainable and healthy cities (Gehl, 2010)Urban development concepts such as Compact City, SmartGrowth, New Urbanism, or Transit Oriented Development(TOD) encourage people to walk (Crane, 2000);Facts:Around 30-35% of trips in African cities are made on foot (UN-HABITAT, 2013).In Sub Saharan cities, the number of trips made on foot canreach more than 50% of the total trips (Montgomerry & Robert,2008, adapted from Pendakur, 2005).Pedestrians in African cities are marginalized and theirneeds are often ignored in the design of urban space

Global Policy

Paradigm shift in transport policy: from infrastructure expansion - the ease of reaching destinations.b. Needs to establish a link between urban form and urban transportation systems.c. Poor infrastructures for NMT in developing countries

The importance of recognizing streets as public spaces to make city more prosperousb. Prosperous Streets concept, calling for stakeholders to place streets as crucial part of city to achieve its prosperity, by reclaiming streets as public spaces through design and planning process.

Global Policya. Walking and sojourning contribute to livable, attractive, prosperous and sustainable cities;b. Public Institution taking care issue of pedestrians are still rare;c. Walking is facilitated by a well-connected network with pedestrian-friendly infrastructure and well-designed urban space

Experience from Other Countries

COUNTRYFINDINGSGERMANYa. Nurenberg Business activities grew in the city center after pedestrianization(Monheim, 2003)b. Munich Neuhauserstrae becomes a very popular tourist attraction withcommercial rental rates up to USD 497 per square feet (Bates, 2012)

DENMARKa. Copenhagen in Strget, the sales volume were increased by 30 percent, anddifferent kinds of social interactions took place, with commercial rental rate is up toUSD 303 per square feet (Kwok, 2002 from Robertson, 1994; Bates, 2012)b. Pedestrianization in Strget also increase the level of human activitiesSINGAPOREa. Not all pedestrian streets in Singapore are successfulb. Lack of variations of use is considered as one of factor contributing to the failure ofpedestrian street

AUSTRALIAa. Melbourne In Bourke Street and Swanston Street, the number of pedestrians onweekday grew by 70 percent and 25 percent in respective pedestrian streets.

UNITED STATESa. Many pedestrian street in US (89%) were failed; (Judge, 2013)b. Increase of suburbanization in United States and automobile culture of Americans arethe reason of failures

Ped xingPed Xingis the popular contraction of the traffic signpedestrian crossing. Introduced in theCity of Manilain 2003, the Ped Xing traffic sign is notorious in Manila urban culture for causing significant confusion among pedestrians and motorists since it is often mistakenly identified as a street sign named after a Chinese Filipinohero.

The Philippines follows its rules towards traffic signs from the Vienna Convention on Road Signs and Signals, alongside with other countries such as India, Greece and Italy.

The Vienna Convention on Road Signs and Signals is an internationaltreatydesigned to increase road safety and aid international road traffic by standardising the signing system for road traffic (road signs,traffic lightsandroad markings) in use internationally.

In article 2 the convention classes all road signs into a number of categories (A - H):

Danger warning signs Priority signs Prohibitory or restrictive signs Mandatory signs Information, facilities, or service signs Direction, position, or indication sign Additional panelsWarning signs can indicate any potential hazard, obstacle or condition requiring special attention.

Here are the most common warning signs:Danger Warning Signs

General Auction SignCongestion Sign

Crossroad Sign

Y-junction Sign

Traffic Circle Sign

Two-way Traffic Sign

Gentle Curve Signs

Sharp Curve Signs

Hairpin Curve Sign

Winding Road Signs

Combined Curves Signs

Lane Ends Signs

Traffic Signal Ahead SignTraffic Control STOP Ahead Sign

Pedestrian Crossing SignPedestrian Sign

Farm Animals Sign

Height Restriction SignLength Restriction Sign

Narrow Bridge SignSpeed Humps Sign

Slippery Road SignFalling Rocks Sign

Reduced Visibility SignElectric Shock Sign

Sharp Curve Chevron Signs

Flagman Ahead SignMen at Work SignPriority Signs

Prioritytraffic signsindicate the order in which vehicles should pass intersection points.

Here are some common examples of Priority Traffic Signs :

Stop SignGo Sign

Yield SignYield to Pedestrians Sign

No Entry SignYield to Oncoming Traffic Sign

One way Roadway SignsProhibitory or Restrictive SignsProhibitorytraffic signsare used to prohibit certain types of manoeuvres or some types of traffic.

Here are some common examples of prohibitory traffic signs:

Speed Limit SignMass Limit Sign

Height Restriction SignLength Restriction Sign

Excessive Noise Prohibited SignUnauthorized Vehicles Prohibited Sign

Left/Right Turn Prohibited SignLeft/Right Turn Ahead Prohibited Sign

U-Turn Prohibited SignOvertaking Prohibited Sign

Parking Prohibited SignStopping Prohibited Sign

Pedestrian Prohibited SignPedal Cycle Prohibited Sign

Taxi Prohibited SignBus Prohibited SignMandatory SignsMandatory signsareroad signswhich are used to set the obligations of all traffic which use a specific area of road. Unlikeprohibitory or restrictive signs, mandatory signs tell traffic what it must do, rather than must not do.

Here are some common examples of mandatory signs:

Minimum Speed SignVehicles Exceeding Mass Only Sign

Keep Left/Right Sign

Pedestrians Only SignTaxi Only Sign

Bus Only SignPay Toll Sign

Roundabout SignSwitch Head Lamps On SignInformation, Facilities or Service SignService signs are those that indicates a specific facility by which many can find useful, especially those that can be used for medical purposes, security, and food.

Here are some common examples of service signs:

Parking Area SignHospital Sign

School Sign

Dinner & Restaurant Sign

Police SignMedical Services Sign

Gasoline Station SignDiesel Station SignDirection, Position, or Indication SignsAdirection sign, more fully defined as adirection, position, or indication signby theVienna Convention on Road Signs and Signals, is anyroad signused primarily to give information about the location of either the driver or possible destinations, and are considered a subset of theinformative signs group.

Here are some common examples of Indication Signs:

Destination SignDestination w/ Distance Sign

3-way Destination w/ Distance SignTraffic Lights

GoSlow DownStopPedestrian Lights

Dont Walk

Walk

Walk

Dont WalkHand Signals Traffic Officers

Stop traffic approaching from the front.Stop traffic approaching from the rear.

Stop traffic approaching the front and rear.Indicates the traffic to proceed.Flag Signals Road Construction

Flag signal to warning traffic.Flag signal to stop.

Flag signal to proceed.Flag signal to slow down.

Warning to slow moving vehicles.Exclusive Parking Bay Symbols

AmbulanceBusLoadingTaxiFirePolice

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