Land Use and LCIA - MTEC · Workshop on LCA in APEC Economies Status: 20.12.2005 Slide: 1...

Status: 20.12.2005 Slide: 1Workshop on LCA in APEC Economies

International WorkshopCapacity building on LCA in APEC Economies

Land Use and LCIA -intermediate results from UNEP/SETAC WG LCIA TF3

Llorenc Mila i Canals, Ruedi Müller-Wenk, Christian Bauer1), Jochen Depestele, Bernt Rydgen, Ottar Michelsen, Gerard Gaillard, Alain Dubreuil

Bangkok, December 15th, 2005

1) Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Institute for Technical Chemistry –Department for Technology Induced Material Flows


• Introduction

• Technical

• Relevance

• Impact Assessment for Land Use

• Impact Pathways

• Environmental Mechanism

• Land Quality

• Case Study

• Time

• Conclusion

Content


UNEP/SETAC Life Cycle Initiative / ILCP

LCIA

LCI

Programmes

LCM

Activities

…….

Information System

Transboundary issues

Resources

……..

1. Minerals & Metals2. Land Use3. Freshwater

Introduction (technical)


Deliverables

Output

• State of the art reports (SETAC like)

• Demonstrations and Illustrations of LCT

Outcome

• Regional Networks (in 2005 – 2006)

• Consensus between stakeholders (in 2005-2006)

Introduction (technical) 2


TF Land Use

• active since SETAC Europe Conference, Prague 2004

• Initial document: SETAC WG on Land Usepublished by Lindeijer et. al. in 2002

• Targets for the group:

• Find best practice within scope of the initiative

• Publish framework in the beginning of 2006

• Status: Draft (30p) and Mini-Workshop in Brussels (7.12.05)

• Draft at: www.lci-network.de/lciacorner



TF Land Use• Llorenç Milà i Canals, CES, University of Surrey, UK

• Gérard Gaillard, agroscope FAL-Reckenholz, Switzerland

• Ruedi Müller-Wenk, Universität St Gallen, Switzerland

• Bernt Rydgren, Vattenfall, Sweden

• Christian Bauer, Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Germany

• Jochen Depestele, Agricultural Research Centre, Belgium

• Ottar Michelsen, NTNU Trondheim, Norway

• Alain Dubreuil, Natural Resources Canada, Canada

• Olivier Jolliet, University of Michigan, USA



Land Use

• „traditional resource issue“ in LCA

• Still lacking in many LCI data collections and LCIA results

• Limited importance in „public“ perception and standards

But

• „Key issue“ for „developing“ countries (direct or indirect –erosion, salinisation, dessication)

• „Key issue“ also according to „Good practice guidancefor land use, land-use change and forestry“ (LULUCF)from IPPC

Introduction


Introduction (2) Degradation

extent Cause

680 million ha Overgrazing — about 20 per cent of the world's pasture and rangelands have been damaged. Recent losses have been most severe in Africa and Asia.

580 million ha Deforestation — vast reserves of forests have been degraded by large-scale logging and clearance for farm and urban use. More than 220 million ha of tropical forests were destroyed during 1975–90, mainly for food production.

550 million ha Agricultural mismanagement — water erosion causes soil losses estimated at 25 000 million tonnes annually. Soil salinization and waterlogging due to poor irrigation practices affect about 40 million ha of land globally. Improper crop rotation and frequent use of heavy machinery are cited as well.

137 million ha Fuelwood consumption — about 1 730 million m3 of fuelwood are harvested annually from forests and plantations. Woodfuel is the primary source of energy in many developing regions.

19.5 million ha

Industry and urbanization — urban growth, road construction, mining and industry are major factors in land degradation in different regions. Valuable agricultural land is often lost.

[UNEP 2002, GEO-3]


Introduction (3)

EP

AP

GWP

Land ?

tox

EP

AP

GWP

Land ?

tox

additional indicative value

e.g. Windows/Clothing

LCIA and land use

elementary flow perspective

correct modelling of all flows

e.g. agricultural goods with differentmanagement options

LCA and land use/managment

reference flow perspective

LCIA profiles


Interventions Physical Impact Endpoint Areas ofimpact midpoints categories protectioncategories

abiotic resourceabiotic extractions depletion

biotic extractions resource (&land)competition

fragmentation regional (rare) naturalspecies diversity global loss of resources

population biodiversityland use decrease local (rare)(transform. species diversity non-global& occupation) loss of habitats loss of

biodiversitylowering ecosystem natural

groundwater level less (free) diversity environmentwater biomass damage toextraction production life support

surface sealing functionsand other erosion soil degradation human welfarechanging landcharacteristics* soil compaction

morphological impacts aesthetic impacts on landscapes man-madeon landscapes geological impacts environment

impacts on cultural history

emissions other impacts other endpoints damage to human healthhumans

Impact pathway

Biodiversity

Soils


environmental mechanism

Land Quality

Time

Transformation∆Q

Land Quality

Time

Transformation∆Q

relaxation time

reference situation


environmental mechanism (2)

Land Quality

Time

Occupation

∆Q

Land Quality

Time

Occupation

∆Q

Land Quality

Time

Occupation

∆Q

reference situation

relaxation time


environmental mechanism (3)

relaxation time

Land Quality

Time

Transformation process

Occupation process

Area of type of land

Area · timeQhis

Qrel

t0 tfin trel

Area

Q0

Qfin



relaxation time

Land Quality

Time



Occupation process

Occupation process


Area · timeQhis

Qrel

t0 tfin trel

Area

Q0

Qfin





Land quality

Quality =

appropriateness for a certain purpose

Approaches:

1. Functions

2. Classes

3. Indicators


Land quality, functions

Functions = quantitative performance description

1. Regulatory: (water) moisture, (substances) buffer

2. Carrier function: provision of substrate, habitats

3. Productivity: Resources (materials, food)

4. Informative: mental health, recreation etc.

[De Groot, 1996]


groundwater recharge

soil erosion

evaporation

ecosystemnew

ecosystem

Land quality, functions, case study

(separate LCA on equipment etc.)


surface cleaning soil compaction

degradation ofnatural ecosystem removal of topsoil reduction of

permeability

change of naturalbiodiverstiy

decrease ofnat. biomassproductivity

soil erosion bywind

increase ofsurface runoff

naturalnessindicator

ecosystemindicator

reduction of groundwater

recharge

soil erosionby water

Land quality, functions, case study (2)




Cropland/Woodland MosaicDryland Cropland and Pasture

Deciduous Broadleaf ForestGrassland

grass cropscool fields and woodsforest and fieldcool crops and townscool broadleaf forestlow sparse grassland



0,01

0,1

1

10

100

land use[ym²/t]

soil erosion bywind [kg/t]

soil erosion bywater [kg/t]

ecosystem-indicator [kg/t]

reduce ofGWR [t/t]

AustraliaJamaicaBrazilChinaUSAGermanyWorld

land use[am²/t]

soil erosion bywind [kg/t]

soil erosion bywater [kg/t]

ecosystem-indicator [kg/t]

reduction ofGWR [t/t]



Land quality, classes

Classes

• Situation (descriptive)

• Corineair (Land Cover Europe) /ecoinvent/

• FAO-Soils

• Generic

• Bartlott scheme (what if)

• Ranking schemes

• Naturalness (from wilderness to industrial area)


Land quality, indicators

Indicators

(parameters with indicative value, OECD)

• NPP (Nett Primary Productivity)

• PDF (Potentially Disapered Fraction /ecoindicator 99/

• Red List Species

• Soil Organic Matter

• Eroded Soil


Land quality

functions classes indicators

data availability

aggregation

interpretationin LCIA

- + 0

+ - +

0 0 +


time

Relaxation ?

• Natural relaxation always, alternativeuses if meaningful

• if infinite, qualitative assessment only

• otherwise: full integration without discount

reversibility irreversibility


conclusions

Land Use and LCIA

• More important (category and issue) than ever

• Inventory: transformation and occupation

• Bio-geographical differentation

• Principle of natural relaxation (no-use scenario)

• Endpoints:

• biodiversity and natural environment

• soil as semi-biotic resource

Expert workshop:Definition of Best Indicators for Land Use impacts in

Life Cycle Assessment (LCA)

7th and 8th June 2006, University of Surrey (UK)Centre for Environmental Strategy (CES)

To derive and implement the most suitable indicators for land use impacts on biodiversity and soil quality, to be used

within LCA

More info: http://www.soc.surrey.ac.uk/ias/events.html#lca

Expert workshop:Definition of Best Indicators for Land Use impacts in

Life Cycle Assessment (LCA)Organisers/Scientific Committee:Llorenç Milà i Canals, CES, University of Surrey, UKSarah J. Cowell, CES, University of Surrey, UK Roland Clift, CES, University of Surrey, UK Lauren Basson, CES, University of Surrey, UK Jim Lynch, Forest Research, UKGérard Gaillard, agroscope FAL-Reckenholz, SwitzerlandRuedi Müller-Wenk, Universität St Gallen, SwitzerlandBernt Rydgren, Vattenfall, SwedenAlain Dubreuil, Natural Resources Canada, CanadaChristian Bauer, Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, GermanyOlivier Jolliet, University of Michigan, USAGuido Sonnemann, UNEP, France

Interested? Please contact [email protected]

More info: http://www.soc.surrey.ac.uk/ias/events.html#lca


Thank you for your attention !

Draft at: www.lci-network.de/lciacorner

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Land Use and LCIA - MTEC · Workshop on LCA in APEC Economies Status: 20.12.2005 Slide: 1...

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