Federal Highway Administration University Course on Bicycle and Pedestrian Transportation
Publication No. FHWA-HRT-05-094
Land Use Regulations to Encourage Nonmotorized
Travel
Lesson 5
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Federal Highway Administration University Course on Bicycle and Pedestrian Transportation
Lesson Outline• General elements of zoning and
subdivision regulation.• Development standards for commercial
areas.• Development standards for residential
areas.• Elements of a form-based code.
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Federal Highway Administration University Course on Bicycle and Pedestrian Transportation
General Elements of Zoning and Subdivision Regulation
• Subdivision layout.• Cul-de-sacs.• Future extension of streets.• Staged implementation.• Internal circulation.
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Federal Highway Administration University Course on Bicycle and Pedestrian Transportation
Commercial Development Standards
• Building orientation and facades.• Onsite circulation.• Access between developments.• Parking lots.
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Federal Highway Administration University Course on Bicycle and Pedestrian Transportation
Source: PBIC (Dan Burden), www.pedbikeimages.org
Building Orientation
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Federal Highway Administration University Course on Bicycle and Pedestrian Transportation
Onsite Circulation
Source: PBIC (Dan Burden), www.pedbikeimages.org
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Federal Highway Administration University Course on Bicycle and Pedestrian Transportation
Source: PBIC (Dan Burden), www.pedbikeimages.org
Development Connections
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Federal Highway Administration University Course on Bicycle and Pedestrian Transportation
Suburban Parking Lot Design
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Federal Highway Administration University Course on Bicycle and Pedestrian Transportation
Source: PBIC (Dan Burden), www.pedbikeimages.org
Creative Parking Lot Design
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Federal Highway Administration University Course on Bicycle and Pedestrian Transportation
• Connectivity.• Short cuts for pedestrians and bicyclists.• Pedestrian- and bicycle-oriented
streetscapes.• Streets with low vehicle speeds
(<32 km/h (<20 mi/h)).
Residential Design Standards
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Federal Highway Administration University Course on Bicycle and Pedestrian Transportation
Source: PBIC (Dan Burden), www.pedbikeimages.org
Interconnectivity
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Federal Highway Administration University Course on Bicycle and Pedestrian Transportation
Missed Connections
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Federal Highway Administration University Course on Bicycle and Pedestrian Transportation
Source: PBIC, www.pedbikeimages.org
Cul-de-sacs
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Federal Highway Administration University Course on Bicycle and Pedestrian Transportation
Source: PBIC (Dan Burden), www.pedbikeimages.org
Trail Connections
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Federal Highway Administration University Course on Bicycle and Pedestrian Transportation
Source: PBIC (Dan Burden), www.pedbikeimages.org
Rear-Access Parking
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Federal Highway Administration University Course on Bicycle and Pedestrian Transportation
Purpose of a Form-Based Code• To establish a basic prescription for good public
space along a street.
Source: Arlington County Form Based Code
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Federal Highway Administration University Course on Bicycle and Pedestrian Transportation
• Building placement (height, distance from street, width).
• Streetscape standards.• Architectural standards.• Standards for other public spaces—
civic greens, pedestrian walkways, etc.
Elements of a Form-Based Code
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Federal Highway Administration University Course on Bicycle and Pedestrian Transportation
Lesson Summary
• Zoning and planning regulations can be effective tools in encouraging pedestrian and bicycle travel.
• Developers play a key role in accommodating and encouraging nonmotorized travel.
• There are a variety of strategies for achieving good design in residential and commercial areas.