Date post: | 13-Jul-2015 |
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Engineering |
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Laser Fired Futuristic Internal Combustion
Engines
Presented by: Ankush W.
Laser Ignition
o An alternative solution to standard spark plug is the use of pulsed laser, focused to create plasma, representing the laser ignition.
o Laser ignition, or laser-induced ignition, is the process of starting combustion by the stimulus of a laser light source.
Why Laser Ignition?
• Regulations on Nox emissions have continue to force operation of natural gas engines to leaner AFR
• Due to Increased Ignition Coil Energy, Spark Plug Service Life Is Very Low for Natural Gas Engines
• Ignition Sites of Spark Plug Ignition Are Fixed Within the Combustion Chamber
Principle of Laser Ignition
mixture burning
focused laser beam
Plasma
flame kernel
Combustion chamber window
• Core component of laser ignition system.
• Burning free effect occurs
• Singular window test show that optical window can be used efficiently for 1000hrs
Fig 2: Combustion chamber window
Advantages of Laser Ignition
• Arbitrary positioning of the ignition plasma within combustion chamber
• Absence of spark
• No disturbance of the flow-field
• Absence of erosion effects (durability)
• Precise ignition timing
• Simpler regulation of the ignition energy
• Significant reduction in fuel consumption
• Unlike conventional spark ignition, high pressure requires lower energy for breakdown
• Reduction in exhausts by 20% mainly NOX
• easier possibility of multipoint ignition
• shorter ignition delay time and shorter combustion time
Various stages of plasma growth
Nd:YAG laser- wavelength=1064nm; beam dia = 6mm
6 ns
7 ns
8 ns
9 ns
10 ns
11 ns
12 ns
13 ns
14 ns
15 ns
16 ns
18 ns
20 ns
22 ns
25 ns
30 ns
35 ns
40 ns
45 ns
50 ns
60 ns
70 ns
80 ns
Laser Arrangement
Experimental setup
Research enginewith theq-switched Nd:YAG laser system (top)
Laser spark plug
Direct comparisonlaser ignition – spark plug ignition
Laser ignition
Spark plug ignition
Technology status
Ford and the University of Liverpool are working on a new laser ignition system for automobiles.
Ford plans to implement the new technology into its top of the range vehicles within the next few years !!
Conclusion
Plasma had the maximum emission peak 30ns after the laser was firedand laser plasma UV-emission persisted forabout 80 ns
Minimum laser pulse energy (MPE) forignition is decreases withincreasing initial pressure
The time of pressure rise in case of laserignition is shorter than thespark ignition
Challenges
• Propagation of laser pulse through fiber optics (d >300μm)
• Develope a compact, robust and economic laser source
• Concept proven, but no commercial system available yet.
References
• International Journal of Modern Engineering Research
• www.laser.org.uk
• Engineersworldonline.com
• www.ijmer.com
• Wikipedia.com
• C. DeMichelis, “Laser induced gas breakdown: A bibliographical review,” IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics 5(4)
Thank you !!!