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LAW OF THE CHAIN FOR RESETTING OUR SHARED GLOBAL VISION FOR DISASTER RESILIENCE
Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction, Vienna,
Virginia, USA
LAW OF THE CHAIN
LAW OF THE CHAIN
A DISASTER IS A WINDOW OF OPPOR-TUNITY TO FIX THE TWO WEAK LINKS IN EVERY COMMUNITY’S DISASTER RESILIENCE PROGRAMME: TRANSFER and MPLEMENTATION OF KNOWLEDGE
2010 PROVIDED MANY NEW WINDOWS OF 2010 PROVIDED MANY NEW WINDOWS OF OPPORTUNITYOPPORTUNITY
2010 PROVIDED MANY NEW WINDOWS OF 2010 PROVIDED MANY NEW WINDOWS OF OPPORTUNITYOPPORTUNITY
HAITI EARTHQUAKE
FLOODS IN RUSSIA , BRAZIL, AND POLAND
CHILE EARTHQUAKE
PACIFIC TSUNAMI
WINDSTORM XYANTHIA
DROUGHT IN CARIBBEAN
DROUGHT IN CHINA
VOLCANIC ERUPTION IN ICELAND
OIL LEAK IN GULF OF MEXICO
MUD FLOWS IN MADEIRA
LACK OF UNDER-STANDING, TECHNOLOGY, AND PREPAREDNESS
LACK OF UNDER-STANDING, TECHNOLOGY, AND PREPAREDNESS
FAILURE TO TRANSFER AND IMPLEMENT GLOBAL KNOWLEDGE AND EXPERIENCE
FAILURE TO TRANSFER AND IMPLEMENT GLOBAL KNOWLEDGE AND EXPERIENCE
COMMUNITY VULNER-COMMUNITY VULNER-ABILITIES EXPOSED ABILITIES EXPOSED
COMMUNITY VULNER-COMMUNITY VULNER-ABILITIES EXPOSED ABILITIES EXPOSED
HAZARDSHAZARDSHAZARDSHAZARDS
FACT:FACT: ELEMENTS OF DISASTER ELEMENTS OF DISASTER RISK EXIST IN EVERY COMMUNITYRISK EXIST IN EVERY COMMUNITYFACT:FACT: ELEMENTS OF DISASTER ELEMENTS OF DISASTER RISK EXIST IN EVERY COMMUNITYRISK EXIST IN EVERY COMMUNITY
EXPOSUREEXPOSUREEXPOSUREEXPOSURE
VULNERABILITYVULNERABILITYVULNERABILITYVULNERABILITY LOCATIONLOCATIONLOCATIONLOCATION
RISKRISKRISKRISK
A disaster has undesirable local, regional, and global
consequences.
REALITY 101
ALL NATIONS LOSE WHEN KNOWLEDGE ON NATURAL DISASTERS
IS NOT TRANSFERRED OR IMPLEMENTED
IN A TIMELY AND EFFECTIVE WAY TO REDUCE COMMUNITY
VULNERABILITIES
THE BOTTOM LINE
KNOWLEDGE THAT DOES NOT PROMOTE “DISASTER RESILIENCE ON THE GROUND” SOMEWHERE DOES NOT LEAVE A LEGACY ANYWHERE.
REALITY 101
A disaster is the result of NOT TRANSFERRING
AND IMPLEMENTING knowledge to reduce vulnerability and risk
REALITY 101
• DISASTER = KNOWLEDGE BUT WITHOUT TRANSFER AND IMPLEMEN- TATION
• DISASTER RESILIENCE = KNOWLEDGE WITH TRANSFER AND IMPLEMEN-TATION
A DISASTER ALWAYS EXPOSES A COMMUNITY’S WEAK LINKS
• INDIAN OCEAN TSUNAMI--2004
• HURRICANE KATRINA--2005
• FLOODS IN CHINA --2007
• CYCLONE NARGIS—2008
• WENCHUAN, CHINA EARTH-QUAKE--2008
A DISASTER ALWAYS EXPOSES A COMMUNITY’S WEAK LINKS
• HAITI EARTHQUAKE
• CHILE EARTHQUAKE AND PACIFIC TSUNAMI
• ICELAND VOLCANIC ERUPTION AND ASH CLOUD
• OIL LEAK IN GULF OF MEXICO
INDIAN OCEAN TSUNAMI DISASTER: DECEMBER 2004
Elements of the disaster: 1) An inadequate tsunami warning system, 2) An estimated 220,000 deaths in 11 nations, and 3) $ billions in losses.
FLOOD DISASTER IN CHINA: JULY 2007
Elements of the disaster: 1) Evacuation of one half-million people from the rain-swollen Huai River, 2) a plague of two billion mice, and 3) losses of $3 billion.
HURRICANE KATRINA DISASTER:AUGUST 2005
Elements of the disaster: 1) poor siting and design of the levee system, 2) flooding of 80 percent of New Orleans, 3) 1,800 dead, and 4) losses of $81 billion.
CYCLONE NARGIS DISASTER: IN MYANMAR: MAY 2008
Elements of the disaster: 1) Poor implementation of warning systems, 2) Slow receipt of Inter-national AID, 3) an estimated 220,000 deaths.
WENCHUAN, CHINA EATHQUAKE DISASTER: MAY 2008
Elements of the disaster: 1) Poor implementation of building codes, 2) 88,000 deaths, 3) 25 million buildings damaged, 4) 45 million affected
HAITI EARTHQUAKE DISASTERJANUARY 2010
Elements of the disaster: 1) poor implementation of building codes, 2) an estimated 220,000 deaths, 3) $ 100 + billion in damage, and 4) a 10-year-long recovery.
EYJAFJALLAJOKULL VOLCANO ERUPTS IN ICELAND: MARCH 2010
Elements of the disaster: 1) Lack of prepared-ness to deal with an ash cloud, 2) 100,000 canceled flights in Europe, 3) 1 billion + loss to aviation industry.
THE GREAT OIL LEAK DISASTER OF IN GULF OF MEXICO: APRIL 2010
Elements of the disaster: 1) Lack of technology to deal with an 1-mile deep oil leak adding 22,000 gallons of oil per day, 2) pollution, 3) dead fish and wildfire, and 4) $ 100 + billion loss.
REALITY 101
It is much more cost-effective for a nation to improve the transfer and implementation of knowledge than to try to sustain the socioeconomic
losses from recurring disasters
YOUR YOUR COMMUNITYCOMMUNITY
YOUR YOUR COMMUNITYCOMMUNITY
DATA BASES DATA BASES AND INFORMATIONAND INFORMATIONDATA BASES DATA BASES AND INFORMATIONAND INFORMATION
HAZARDS: GROUND SHAKING GROUND FAILURE SURFACE FAULTING TECTONIC DEFORMATION TSUNAMI RUN UP AFTERSHOCKS
•HAZARD MAPS•INVENTORY•VULNERABILITY•LOCATION
HAZARD & RISK HAZARD & RISK ASSESSMENTSASSESSMENTS
RISK
ACCEPTABLE RISK
UNACCEPTABLE RISK
DECISIONS ON ON DECISIONS ON ON DISASTER RESILIENCE DISASTER RESILIENCE
• PREPAREDNESS• PROTECTION• EARLY WARNING• EMERGENCY RESPONSE• RECOVERY and RECONSTRUCTION
ELEMENTS OF DISASTER ELEMENTS OF DISASTER RESILIENCE RESILIENCE
THE UNREALISTIC GOAL THE UNREALISTIC GOAL
• NO DISASTERS!• …UNREALISTIC
BECAUSE NATURAL HAZARDS (E.G., FLOODS, SEVERE WINDSTORMS, EARTHQUAKES, DROUGHTS) ARE INEVITABLE AND COMMUNITIES ARE VULNERABLE.
• NO DISASTERS!• …UNREALISTIC
BECAUSE NATURAL HAZARDS (E.G., FLOODS, SEVERE WINDSTORMS, EARTHQUAKES, DROUGHTS) ARE INEVITABLE AND COMMUNITIES ARE VULNERABLE.
THE REALISTIC GOAL THE REALISTIC GOAL
• DISASTER RESILIENCE!
• …, BUT IT DEPENDS ON SUCCESSFUL CAPACITY BUILDING ON MULTIPLE SCALES FOR PREPAREDNESS, PROTECTION, EARLY WARNING, EMERGENCY RESPONSE, AND RECOVERY/RECON-STRUCTION.
• DISASTER RESILIENCE!
• …, BUT IT DEPENDS ON SUCCESSFUL CAPACITY BUILDING ON MULTIPLE SCALES FOR PREPAREDNESS, PROTECTION, EARLY WARNING, EMERGENCY RESPONSE, AND RECOVERY/RECON-STRUCTION.
DISASTER RESILIENCE REQUIRES A “24/7” EFFORT
DISASTER RESILIENCE REQUIRES A “24/7” EFFORT
• A 24/7 EFFORT IS NEEDED TO BUILD THE CAPACITY NEEDED TO IMPLEMENT EVERY ELEMENT OF COMMINITY DISASTER RESILIENCE.
• A 24/7 EFFORT IS NEEDED TO BUILD THE CAPACITY NEEDED TO IMPLEMENT EVERY ELEMENT OF COMMINITY DISASTER RESILIENCE.
FACT: FACT: MANY GLOBAL COMMUNITIES LACK CAPACITY FOR DISASTER MANY GLOBAL COMMUNITIES LACK CAPACITY FOR DISASTER RESILIENCE. RESILIENCE.
FACT: FACT: MANY GLOBAL COMMUNITIES LACK CAPACITY FOR DISASTER MANY GLOBAL COMMUNITIES LACK CAPACITY FOR DISASTER RESILIENCE. RESILIENCE.
200 NATIONS AND 7+
BILLION PEOPLE
200 NATIONS AND 7+
BILLION PEOPLE
NORTH AMERICA
NORTH AMERICA
CARIBBEAN BASIN
CARIBBEAN BASIN
SUB-SAHARAAFRICA
SUB-SAHARAAFRICA
MEDITER-RANEAN
MEDITER-RANEAN
ISLAND NATIONS ISLAND NATIONS
ASIA ASIA
SOUTHAMERICASOUTH
AMERICA
EUROPEEUROPE
STEP ONE: FINDING AND ENGAGING
Finding and engaging the right people in the community (i.e., those who are willing to commit to a sustained effort to build capacity for disaster resilience).
STEP TWO: EQUIPPING
Only if the people at risk are adequately equipped with knowledge on the occurrences and consequences of natural hazards (e.g., earthquakes, hurricanes / typhoons, and floods) and a political mandate to become resilient before a natural disaster occurs is there a good chance of actually achieving disaster resilience .
HOW TO SUCCEEDHOW TO SUCCEEDHOW TO SUCCEEDHOW TO SUCCEED
POLITICALPOLITICAL
& SOCIAL& SOCIAL
SCIENCESCIENCE
POLITICALPOLITICAL
& SOCIAL& SOCIAL
SCIENCESCIENCE
PHYSICAL PHYSICAL SCIENCESSCIENCESPHYSICAL PHYSICAL SCIENCESSCIENCES
ENGINEERINGENGINEERING
SCIENCESSCIENCES
ENGINEERINGENGINEERING
SCIENCESSCIENCES
SUCCESS:SUCCESS: COMMUNITY DISASTER RESILINCE COMMUNITY DISASTER RESILINCE SUCCESS:SUCCESS: COMMUNITY DISASTER RESILINCE COMMUNITY DISASTER RESILINCE
STRATEGIC GOALSTRATEGIC GOAL: WORKING TOGETHER TO INCREASE : WORKING TOGETHER TO INCREASE CAPACITY IN EVERY COMMUNITYCAPACITY IN EVERY COMMUNITY
STRATEGIC GOALSTRATEGIC GOAL: WORKING TOGETHER TO INCREASE : WORKING TOGETHER TO INCREASE CAPACITY IN EVERY COMMUNITYCAPACITY IN EVERY COMMUNITY
STEP THREE: PARTNERNING
• Forge partnerships in the community that involve the best available politicians, business leaders, scientists, engineers, the media, medical professionals, and educators in a concerted long-term effort.
COMMUNITY COMMUNITY CAPACITYCAPACITY
GOAL: GOAL: DISASTER DISASTER
RESILIENCERESILIENCE
PRIVATE SECTORPRIVATE SECTOR PUBLIC SECTOR
PUBLIC SECTOR
ACADEMIAACADEMIA
FUNCTIONAL FUNCTIONAL NETWORKING NETWORKING
CHANNELSCHANNELS
INFORMATION INFORMATION NETWORKING NETWORKING
CHANNELSCHANNELSORGANIZATION ORGANIZATION NETWORKING NETWORKING
CHANNELSCHANNELS
IMPLEMENTATIOIMPLEMENTATIONN
COMMUNITY COMMUNITY STAKEHOLDERSSTAKEHOLDERS
Stratec ConsultingStratec Consulting
HOW TO FAIL HOW TO FAIL HOW TO FAIL HOW TO FAIL
FACTFACT: NO COMMUNITY CAN REDUCE DISASTER RISK WITHOUT : NO COMMUNITY CAN REDUCE DISASTER RISK WITHOUT GOALS, CAPACITY, OR BY WORKING ALONE GOALS, CAPACITY, OR BY WORKING ALONE
FACTFACT: NO COMMUNITY CAN REDUCE DISASTER RISK WITHOUT : NO COMMUNITY CAN REDUCE DISASTER RISK WITHOUT GOALS, CAPACITY, OR BY WORKING ALONE GOALS, CAPACITY, OR BY WORKING ALONE
NO CAPACITY FOR DISASTER RESILIENCE:NO CAPACITY FOR DISASTER RESILIENCE:NO CAPACITY FOR DISASTER RESILIENCE:NO CAPACITY FOR DISASTER RESILIENCE:
HIGH HIGH RISKRISK
HIGH HIGH RISKRISK
NO MANDATE NO MANDATE FOR DISASTER FOR DISASTER
RESILIENCE RESILIENCE
NO MANDATE NO MANDATE FOR DISASTER FOR DISASTER
RESILIENCE RESILIENCE
EDUCATION EDUCATION THAT DOES THAT DOES NOT BUILD NOT BUILD CAPACITYCAPACITY
EDUCATION EDUCATION THAT DOES THAT DOES NOT BUILD NOT BUILD CAPACITYCAPACITY