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LectureLecture
11Computarized Engineering GraphicsComputarized Engineering Graphics
ENGR 2220 ENGR 2220
Professor: Dr. Omar E. Meza CastilloProfessor: Dr. Omar E. Meza [email protected]
http://facultad.bayamon.inter.edu/omeza
Department of Mechanical EngineeringDepartment of Mechanical Engineering
Inter American University of Puerto RicoInter American University of Puerto Rico
Bayamon CampusBayamon Campus
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Catalog DescriptionCatalog Description: : Graphic terminology. Graphic terminology. Analysis and solutions of spatial problems. Analysis and solutions of spatial problems. Symbols and standards as applied to engineering. Symbols and standards as applied to engineering. Introduction to computer graphics: hardware and Introduction to computer graphics: hardware and software. Mathematical elements in two or three software. Mathematical elements in two or three dimensions for computer graphics. Object dimensions for computer graphics. Object visibility. Use of programs for computer-aided visibility. Use of programs for computer-aided design in engineeringdesign in engineering..
Prerequisites: Prerequisites: GEIC 1000 – Information and GEIC 1000 – Information and Computer Literacy and Computer Literacy and GEMA 1200 – Fundamentals GEMA 1200 – Fundamentals of Algebra of Algebra ..
Course Text: Course Text: Bertoline, G R, Wiebe, E, Miller, C. Bertoline, G R, Wiebe, E, Miller, C. Fundamentals of Graphics Communications. 5th, Fundamentals of Graphics Communications. 5th, Mc Graw-Hill. 2006 Mc Graw-Hill. 2006 ..
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SyllabusSyllabus
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Absences:Absences: On those days when you will be absent, On those days when you will be absent, find a friend or an acquaintance to take notes for find a friend or an acquaintance to take notes for you or visit the web page. you or visit the web page. Do not call or send an Do not call or send an e-mail the instructor and ask what went on in e-mail the instructor and ask what went on in class, and what the homework assignment is.class, and what the homework assignment is.
Homework assignments: Homework assignments: Homework will be Homework will be collected when due, with your name written collected when due, with your name written legibly on the front of the title page. It is graded legibly on the front of the title page. It is graded on a 0 to 100 points scale. Late homework (any on a 0 to 100 points scale. Late homework (any reason) reason) will not be accepted.will not be accepted.
Quiz : Quiz : There are several quizzes during the There are several quizzes during the semester.semester.
Partial Exams and Final Exam: Partial Exams and Final Exam: There are three There are three partial exams during the semester, and a final partial exams during the semester, and a final exam at the end of the semester.exam at the end of the semester.
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SyllabusSyllabus
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Course GradingCourse Grading
The total course grade is comprised as follows:The total course grade is comprised as follows: Sketching Assignments Sketching Assignments 10%10% QuizQuiz 10%10% Computer ProjectsComputer Projects 30%30% Exam 1, Exam 2 and Exam 3Exam 1, Exam 2 and Exam 3 30%30% Final ExamFinal Exam
20%20%
100%100% Cheating: Cheating: You are allowed to cooperate on You are allowed to cooperate on
homework by sharing ideas and methods. Copying homework by sharing ideas and methods. Copying will not be tolerated. Submitted work copied from will not be tolerated. Submitted work copied from others will be considered academic misconduct others will be considered academic misconduct and and will get no pointswill get no points..
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Most Course Material (Power Point Lectures and Most Course Material (Power Point Lectures and homework) will posted every week or two on Web homework) will posted every week or two on Web Page of the course ENGR 2220:Page of the course ENGR 2220:
http://facultad.bayamon.inter.edu/omeza/ Office Hours: Tuesday and Thursday @ 5:50 to 7:20 Office Hours: Tuesday and Thursday @ 5:50 to 7:20
PM, at G-235PM, at G-235
Contact Email: Contact Email: [email protected] Materials:Materials:
Architectural scale, Compass, Triangles Rules, Architectural scale, Compass, Triangles Rules, Stainless Steel Ruler, Protractor, Pencils HB-2H-2B Stainless Steel Ruler, Protractor, Pencils HB-2H-2B and Isometric paper.and Isometric paper.
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Course MaterialsCourse Materials
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Upon successful completion of the course, the Upon successful completion of the course, the student will be able to:student will be able to:1.1. Identify types of software and hardware used for computer-Identify types of software and hardware used for computer-
aided design. aided design.
2.2. Clearly represent and control mental images. Clearly represent and control mental images.
3.3. Graphically represent technical designs, using accepted Graphically represent technical designs, using accepted standard practices. standard practices.
4.4. Use plane and solid geometric forms to create and Use plane and solid geometric forms to create and communicate design solutions. communicate design solutions.
5.5. Describe the engineering design process. Describe the engineering design process.
6.6. Understand concepts and applications of 3-D modeling. Understand concepts and applications of 3-D modeling.
7.7. Understand the theory, techniques and standards of Understand the theory, techniques and standards of multiviews. multiviews.
8.8. Apply the concept of cutting planes to create section views Apply the concept of cutting planes to create section views and sectioned 3-D .CAD models. and sectioned 3-D .CAD models.
9.9. Apply the standard dimensioning practicing for mechanical Apply the standard dimensioning practicing for mechanical drawings. drawings.
10.10. Apply tolerances to dimensionsApply tolerances to dimensions
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Course ObjectivesCourse Objectives
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Tentative Lecture ScheduleTentative Lecture Schedule
TopicTopic LectureLecture
Introduction: Graphics Communication /The Engineering Introduction: Graphics Communication /The Engineering Design Process and Design VisualizationDesign Process and Design Visualization
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Preliminary Learning: Standard/Instruments for Preliminary Learning: Standard/Instruments for Engineering GraphicsEngineering Graphics
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Sketching-2D: construction/Orthographic Sketching-2D: construction/Orthographic Projection/DimensioningProjection/Dimensioning
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Software -2D: Basic commands/Drawing of Basic Software -2D: Basic commands/Drawing of Basic Geometric/Drawing Multiviews and dimension placedGeometric/Drawing Multiviews and dimension placed
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Sketching-3D: Projections Theory “Axonometric /Oblique Sketching-3D: Projections Theory “Axonometric /Oblique Projections”, Section Views and Assembly DrawingProjections”, Section Views and Assembly Drawing
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Software- 3D: Isometric drawing, Solid Modeling and Software- 3D: Isometric drawing, Solid Modeling and Surfaces, Working Drawings and AssembliesSurfaces, Working Drawings and Assemblies
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ReferenceReference
Bethune, JamesBethune, James. . Engineering Graphics with AutoCAD Engineering Graphics with AutoCAD 20092009, Prentice Hall, 2009., Prentice Hall, 2009.
Earle JamesEarle James. . Engineering Design GraphicsEngineering Design Graphics, 11, 11thth Ed., Ed., Pearson Prentice Hall. 2005.Pearson Prentice Hall. 2005.
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Graphics CommunicationGraphics Communication
Chapter 1: IntroductionChapter 1: Introduction
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"Lo peor es educar por métodos basados en el temor, la fuerza, la autoridad, porque se destruye la sinceridad y la confianza, y sólo se consigue una falsa sumisión”
Einstein AlbertEinstein Albert
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Multiview DrawingsFrancesca (1420-92)
Cartesian CoordinatesDescartes (1596-1650).
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on Engineering is 92% graphically based.Engineering is 92% graphically based.
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The engineering drawings are used to communicate and document the design process.
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What you will learnWhat you will learn
VisualizationVisualization Graphics TheoryGraphics Theory StandardsStandards ConventionsConventions ToolsTools ApplicationsApplications
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The “Language”The “Language”
Lines may be defined as…….
1. A series of points in space organized in a rational order
2. The shortest distance between two points
3. The geometry created by the intersection of two planes or surfaces
4. A set of points organized that have length and direction, but no thickness
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The “Language”The “Language”
Lines come in all types and shapes:
Parallel lines will always maintain the same distance from each other throughout their entire length, and NEVER touch!
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The “Language”The “Language”
Non-parallel lines do not maintain the same distance from each other throughout their entire length, and may either touch, or eventually cross each other.
Lines come in all types and shapes:
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The “Language”The “Language”
Perpendicular lines are at 90 degrees to one another.
Lines come in all types and shapes:
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The “Language”The “Language”
Lines come in all types and shapes:
Intersecting lines cross each other at any angle.
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The “Language”The “Language”
Lines come in all types and shapes:
Tangent lines are created when:
1. A curved and straight line meet, and….
2. The two lines intersect at only one point, and….
3. A smooth transition into one line can be generated.
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The “Language”The “Language”
Lines come in all types and shapes:
Lines will appear as edges when there is an intersection of two planes or surfaces.
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The “Language”The “Language”
Lines come in all types and shapes:
Tangent conditions may appear in both 2D and 3D geometry….
Figure A shows a tangent being created at Point C
Figure B shows Tangent F being identified as the intersection point between the 2 circles.
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The “Language”The “Language”
Lines come in all types and shapes:
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Here we can see that Line VT is lying tangent to the cone.
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Lines come in all types and shapes:
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Can you explain why Example A is tangent, but Example B is not??
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The “Language”The “Language”
Circles are considered the most perfect form geometric shape. All circles are made up of many parts…
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The “Language”The “Language”
A parabola’s shape can be generated from a 3D cone and 2D plane…
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Notice that the parabola’s shape is symmetrical (mirror image of itself), and that it has a focus point inside the arc of the line. The cutting plane is always parallel to the slope of the cone.
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Parabolas have many engineering uses and shapes…
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As the shape of the curve of the parabola changes, it allows for more diverse applications.
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The “Language”The “Language”
The ellipse is generated in much the same way as the parabola…
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Notice that the ellipse’s shape is symmetrical (mirror image of itself), like the parabola.
However, the ellipse has no focus point identified inside the arc of the line, and the cutting plane is NOT parallel to the slope of the cone.
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The “Language”The “Language”
A circle may appear as an ellipse when the object is not perpendicular to the line of sight.
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While the circle’s geometry remains true shape and size, our view of its shape appears more oval as the object is rotated from its 90 degree position.
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The “Language”The “Language”
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Lines can be set at angles to points or other lines…
Lines set at angles help us understand the relationship of other lines, or the geometry’s position in space.
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The “Language”The “Language”
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Quadrilaterals have two main characteristics:
1. They are CLOSED entities,
2. They have 4 sides.
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The “Language”The “Language”
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Polygon means “many sided”:
Most polygons have names based on the number of sides they have.
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2D and 3D Space:
Let’s take a few minutes to see how lines and points are used to organize space…..
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The “Language”The “Language”
If we take the centre of the universe as our home position (X=0 and Y=0) , we are able to map out the coordinate vertices of any object from that point and assign them addresses so they may be easily located.
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However, as the universe is not 2-dimensional, we must take into consideration a 3rd axis (Z) that represents its volume.
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However, as the universe is not 2-dimensional, we must take into consideration a 3rd axis (Z) that represents its volume.
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Since the computer ALWAYS remembers that its home is (0,0,0), we may locate any point in space, or on a 3D model, by referencing home.
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Each point on a 3D model has its own address in space that is designated by an X, Y, & Z value.
Here we can see the address of each vertex.
Example: (4, 3, 0)
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ANSI Standard Sheet SizesANSI Standard Sheet Sizes
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ANSI Standard Sheet SizesANSI Standard Sheet Sizes
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Mechanical PencilsMechanical Pencils
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Pencil GradesPencil Grades
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Pencil GradesPencil Grades
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Isometric PaperIsometric Paper
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Triangle Rulers Triangle Rulers
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Architect’s ScalesArchitect’s Scales
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Isometric DrawingIsometric Drawing
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Isometric drawing is made up of a series of parallel vertical Isometric drawing is made up of a series of parallel vertical lines and parallel 30 degree lines.lines and parallel 30 degree lines.
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Isometric CratingIsometric Crating
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Crating is a term used for cutting away from a shape. The Crating is a term used for cutting away from a shape. The easiest shape to draw is a block and this can serve as a easiest shape to draw is a block and this can serve as a guide and will give the overall size of the object to be guide and will give the overall size of the object to be drawn. Below is an example of a step shape being drawn in drawn. Below is an example of a step shape being drawn in a guide block.a guide block.
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Can you accurately draw the shapes below in isometric?Can you accurately draw the shapes below in isometric?
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Due, Due, Thursday, February 02, 2012Thursday, February 02, 2012
Omar E. Meza Castillo Ph.D.Omar E. Meza Castillo Ph.D.
Homework1 Homework1 WebPage WebPage
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