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Need a method of communicating objects visually that is entirely unambiguous and can show a high level of detail and accuracy.
Orthographic Views
Can be sketched, drawn with technical instruments or CAD
Lines of Sight
Non parallel lines of sight radiating from a point
Observer view point
View of object projected onto picture plane
Picture plane (paper or computer screen)
Lines of Sight
Parallel lines of sight
Observer at an infinite view point
View of object projected onto picture plane
Picture plane (paper or computer screen)
Orthographic Projection
Orthographic views are defined by using parallel lines of sight
Projectors perpendicular to plane
Lines of sight perpendicular to plane
Objects depth is not represented in this view
Plan (Top) View
Plan (Top View)
Plane of projection (horizontal)
Perpendicular to plane
Orthographic Projection
Line of Sight
Orthographic Projection
• Decide which view is which (front, plan etc)
• Draw the envelopes which determine the overall shape
Front viewFront
Top
End
First and Third Angle Projection
• We will only ever produce drawings using third angle, however you must also be able to read first angle
• Two standard orthographic techniques, first and third angle orthographic
1st Angle
3rd Angle
• In 1st angle, the lines of sight pass through the object
Line of Sight
This face is this face
First Angle Projection
Ort
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Drawings’ (as in the course text)The Basics
TOP
FRONT
TOP
FRONT
Ort
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• Drawings must have a border and a title block
TOP
FRONT
Ort
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ns The Basics
• Maximise use of the available space on page
• Remember to leave enough space around each orthographic view to add dimensions
• Notes can be added to give more information
TOP
FRONT
Ort
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• Views must be labeled; TOP, FRONT, RIGHT, LEFT
• Orientate object so that major surfaces are parallel with view planes
Orthographic Drawing Conventions
The Basics - Layout
The Basics - Text
Orthographic Drawing Conventions
• Always use CAPITALS
6mm 3-4mm
• Gothic font is the traditional style for hand lettering
• Very light guidelines may be used
• The following page of examples of letters and numerals is taken out of New Zealand drawing standards
• Painter
• Writer
• Theroest
• Teacher
• Film maker
• Sculptor
composing motion.....
Whitney Museum, New York, US
Dec 9 2011 - 31 May 2012
Fountain (1959)
A Color Box, 1935
Len Lye (1901-1980)
Universe
Scaling Up Universe 1994
Centre Pompidou, April 2000
Tate Modern, July 2007
Australian Centre Moving Image, Melb, 2009
Ikon Gallery, Birmingham, 2011
A 48 metre Wind Wand being installed on the New
Plymouth waterfront to celebrate the Millennium
48m Wind Wand
Today's Summary
Orthographic Drawing
• How to show 3D objects in 2D
• Imagine 1st angle uses a transparent object and 3rd angle uses a transparent viewing plane
• We will only produce drawings in 3rd angle
Conventions of Orthographic Drawing in Engineering
• Drawing layout
• Boarders, Title Block
• Text