Lecture 3c- 23 Jan. 2015

CARBOHYDRATES III

Overview of lecture 3c

Carbohydrate content of foods -impact of diet on health and disease

Functional foods in the management of health and disease

Nutraceuticals in the management of health and disease

Next lecture-fibre -carbohydrates in health and disease

-WHATS NEW IN CARBOHYDRATERESEARCH

INTRODUCTION

Different “regular” foods have differing levels of a variety of carbohydrates-can affect bodily function

Functional foods can manage carbohydrates in the body and can affect bodily function

Nutraceuticals can manage carbohydrates in the body and can affect bodily function

Foods

Glycaemic index

grains (includes breads and pastas)

breads -wheat higher than rye

pastas - lower than breads

rice and pasta about the same as each other

Foods continued-glycaemic index continued Vegetables and fruits on average

Glycemic index

potato > yam

legumes > root veggies

fruits ~ legumes

Foods continued

Glycemic index continued

milk products ~ fruits on average

why? lactose=fructose in glycemic index

Foods continued Glycemic index continued

meats - very low glycemic index

- but do not gorge

gorge

Functional foods

Health Canada definition

A functional food is similar in appearance to, or may be, a conventional food that is consumed as part of a usual diet, and is demonstrated to have physiological benefits and/or reduce the risk of chronic disease beyond basic nutritional functions, i.e. they contain bioactive compound.

Functional food examples

fishflaxcanolachicory seed-contains an oligosaccharide

Functional food examples

•http://www.foodfacts.com/NutritionFacts/Bread-and-Flour-Products/Presidents-Choice-Blue-Menu-Multigrain-Flax-Loaf-Bread--oz/37196

•http://www.countryharvest.com/en/product/sunflower-flax-breads/

Fish

increase insulin sensitivity?

-perhaps due to 3 fatty acids

Canola

omega 3 fatty acids

-may increase insulin sensitivity

Flax

•omega 3 fatty acids may increase insulin sensitivity

Chicory seed

• example of a resistant carbohydrate

• affect colonic pH and stool bulking

ol BULKING

Nutraceuticals

Health Canada definition

A nutraceutical is a product isolated or purified from foods that is generally sold in medicinal forms not usually associated with foods. A nutraceutical is demonstrated to have a physiological benefit or provide protection against chronic disease.

Nutraceutical examples

fish oil flax lignan complex flax oilcanola oilevening primrose oilhemp oilchondroitin sulphateglucosamine

Fish oil

omega 3 fatty acids – increased insulin sensitivity in some studies INCREASE?

Flax lignan complex

Secoisolariciresinol diglucoside molecule metabolites decrease blood plasma glucose concentrations perhaps via insulin sensitivity increase?

Flax oil

Omega 3 fatty acid may increase insulin sensitivity?

Canola oil

Omega 3 fatty acid may insulin sensitivity?

Evening primrose oil

-omega 6 fatty acids

-reduces glucose impact on nerves in diabetes (improves nerve transmission speed)

Hemp oil

•mix of omega 3 and omega 6 fatty acids

•speculation-effects as above with omega 3 and omega 6 fatty acids

Chondroitin sulphate

polysaccharide

-found in joints-cartilage-reduced in arthritis

Glucosamine-polysaccharide linked to nitrogen group

-found in cartilage in joints -reduced in arthritis