Legal framework and standards relating to the detention of ... · Legal framework and standards...

Legal framework and standards relating

to the detention of refugees, asylum

seekers and migrants

A GUIDE

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INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS NATIONAL LAW / POLICY

Population status Additional national standards / notes

Legal basis of detention• Legal basis to detain • Detention as a last resort

Demographics of detention population• Detainee profile stats – country of origin, number, gender, age• Screening procedure and practice for possible risk and vulnerability: gender, age,

diversity, health • General observations of population• Length of time of detention: longest time, average time

Type/characteristics of detention facility• Criminal, military administrative or ad hoc

(operating without clear legal or policy mandate)• High-security, secure, semi-secure, non-secure, mixed regime• Location of facility (proximity to urban areas, services)

Detention staff

• Number of staff by categories, responsibilities, ratio to detainees, gender, languages spoken

• Military, police or civilian staff• Government or contracted/private administrator• Relationship between staff and detainees, management and detainees• Training of staff

Treatment

• Allegations of torture and ill-treatment• Use of force or other means of restraint• Use of solitary confinement• Transport of detainees• Culture of dignity and respect

Disciplinary procedure and sanctions• Procedures for disciplinary actions against detainees• Sanctions for rule violations and statistics of use• Composition of disciplinary authority – who determines

whether a detainee has violated a rule? • Possibilities of appeal• Description of any disciplinary cells, duration of disciplinary confinement,

circumstances of use

Protection measures

• Information provided to detainees• Orientation and information provided to detainees upon arrival: Reason for detention,

rights, responsibilities, how to access attorneys, interpreters, medical and other services• Language and format of information• Accessibility to internal rules and procedures of the detention facility

Access to protection mechanisms• Access to asylum and complementary protection procedure• Information provided regarding right to asylum and procedures

(language, format)• Access to legal representation, conditions, privacy, frequency of visits• Access to UNHCR and NGOs, conditions, privacy, frequency• Location of asylum interviews, conditions, privacy• Access to judicial or administrative review of detention• Best interests determination for children

Complaint, inspection and investigation procedures• Describe any complaint and inspection investigation and response procedures

for the facility• Independence and accessibility of such procedures• Accessibility to and ease of identification of guards• Independent monitoring of detention facility

Checklist for monitoring places of immigration detention This checklist outlines broad areas that should be considered during monitoring visits to places of immigration detention. It builds upon a general detention monitoring checklist, drawn from international standards of detention. The checklist contains a series of prompts grouped in terms of key issues for the detention monitor – it is not intended to be prescriptive or exhaustive.

Separation of detainees• Separation of criminal detainees from administrative detainees• Separation according to gender, age• Family unity provisions

Safety and control• Surveillance• Fire safety• Procedures for incident and emergency management

Conditions

Capacity and occupancy of the detention facility• Approved capacity of the facility• Number of actual detainees by nationality, age and gender

Facility conditions• Size and occupancy of cells or units where detainees sleep• Material conditions: lighting, ventilation, furniture, sanitary facilities,

temperature, hygiene standard• Ability for detainees to adjust/direct lighting/temperature • Overall facility cleanliness and hygiene, responsibility for maintenance• Natural light• Security of detainee personal possessions

Food• Meals: quality, quantity, frequency, cost, diversity• Where food is supplemented by friends/family/others visiting, is food provided

to those without external support adequate?• Special dietary regimes (for medical, cultural, religious, health reasons)• Access to food between set meal times• Availability of clean water

Personal hygiene• Showers: number/detainee, cleanliness, maintenance, access• Provision of basic hygiene supplies (including female hygiene needs)• Bedding: quality, cleanliness, frequency of change, climate appropriate• Access to laundry facilities• Access to culturally appropriate clothing, shoes

Contact with the outside world• Access to printed materials• Access to television• Access to means of communication (telephones, written correspondence and parcels,

computers/internet): frequency, cost, number/detainee, incoming and outgoing

Visitation• Right to have or refuse all forms of visits• Informal visitors - access, frequency, conditions, duration,

who can visit, description of visiting rooms, physical contact• Access to/protection from media• Formal visitors: consular, legal, UNHCR

Detention regime

Administration of Time• Time spent inside unit or cells daily• Time spent/available for physical exercise• Time spent/available for working, voluntary or involuntary• Time spent/available for other recreation activities • Access to outdoor area, regularity, duration

Services and activities available• Work: Access, type, remuneration• Education: Access, type, conditions, language• Recreation: Access, type, location, duration (indoor/outdoor)• Psychosocial support: Access, type (including individual counselling, group)• Religion: Access to religious representatives and services, conditions, frequency

Health care

Access to medical care• Medical examination upon entry to facility:

Who conducts, what is covered, gender sensitive• Availability of, access to and procedures for medical care throughout detention• Number, training, qualification and independence of medical and psychological staff • Medical centre: number of beds, equipment, medication, personnel• Mental health: Access to counsellors/psychologists/psychiatrists

and description of services• Provision of specialty care for those with particular needs: torture survivors, children,

women, elderly, ill etc

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