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Presented by:

Transportation leadership you can trust.

LEHD OnTheMap Data

2011 GIS in Public TransportationTampa, FL

Bruce Spear

September 15, 2011

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Acknowledgements

Findings from NCHRP 8-36, Task 98 Improving Employment Data for Transportation Planning– Sponsored by AASHTO Standing Committee on

Planning– Final Report posted at

http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/nchrp/docs/NCHRP08-36(98)_FR.pdf

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What is LEHD?Longitudinal Employment Household Dynamics

Program to generate new information on workers and employers from existing data sources

Developed by U.S. Census Bureau in coordination with state partners

Based on administrative records

Includes all employment subject to state unemployment insurance (UI) laws

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LEHD Data ProductsQuarterly Workforce Indicators (QWI)– Quarterly data on employment dynamics

(total employment, job creation, wages, and worker turnover)

LEHD Origin-Destination Employment Statistics (LODES)– Annual data on locations and characteristics of

workers by residence and workplace, and home-to-work flows

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LEHD - OnTheMap

– Web-based mapping and reporting application http://lehdmap.did.census.gov/

– Supports multiple analyses involving workplace and worker residence locations

– Queries supported at multiple levels of geography (Census Blocks, Tracts, zip codes, places, urbanized areas, counties, states)

– Worker characteristics include: industry type, age, income, race, ethnicity, and education

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LODES Data Files1. Residence Area Characteristics (RAC)

Number and characteristics of workers summarized by residence geography and reporting year

2. Workplace Area Characteristics (WAC)Number and characteristics of workers summarized by workplace geography and reporting year

3. Origin-Destination Flows (OD)Number and summary characteristics of workers who reside in one location and work in another location

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LODES Data Sources

Employer CharacteristicsQuarterly Census of Employment & Wages (QCEW)• Reported quarterly by employers to State employment

security agencies (SESA) (formerly known as ES-202 data)• Funded and managed by BLS (data quality and integrity)• Enhanced employer files contain data on total monthly

employment and total wages by quarter• Multiple Workplace Reports (MWR) provide workplace

employment data for employers with multiple worksites.

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Data Sources (continued)Worker Characteristics

Personal Characteristics File (PCF)• Derived from Social Security Application File (Numident)• Gender, DOB, Race, Citizenship

Composite Person Record (CPR)• Derived from multiple sources (IRS, Medicare, HUD)• Based on worker’s SSN• Worker place of residence

Wage Records• List individual employees by social Security Number (SSN)• Provide key link between workers and employers

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LEHD Processing Steps

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LODES Data Limitations

1. Excludes some employment categories– Self-employed & Sole Proprietors (6% - 17%)

– Federal/Military/Railroad Workers (1% - 20%)

– Employment exempt from UI laws (0% - 2%)

2. Data not currently produced for all States– States missing data include: DC, MA, NH, PR, VI

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LODES Data Issues

Multiple Worksite Employers– Some multi-worksite employers refuse to file multiple

worksite reports (MWR)– Employers with multiple worksites may show all

employees located at primary employer address– MWR non-compliance affects about 5% of all

employment, nationwide:• Rates vary significantly from state to state• Lower in States with mandatory MWR reporting• Highest non-compliance among local government agencies

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LODES vs. CTPP

LODES is NOT a substitute for CTPP– No trip characteristics in LODES (mode, travel

time, departure time)

Public sources of employment data for transportation planning:– Residence/Workplace locations– Origin-destination flows for work trips

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LODES vs. CTPP (3-Year)Summary Characteristics

LODES (2006-2008) CTPP 2006-2008

Sample Size Full enumeration for covered employment categories

~ 7 percent of households in 3-year ACS sample

Geographic Coverage

Excludes non-participating LED States (DC, MA, NH)

Excludes counties with less than 20,000 population

Employer/Industry Categories

Excludes employers not subject to State UI laws

All employers and industry sectors in sample universe

Job CategoriesIncludes all jobs by workers in covered employment categories

Excludes second jobs by workers with multiple jobs

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LODES vs. CTPP (3-Year)County Level Findings

Both LODES and CTPP under report total employment by 15 – 17 %, nationally and by state– LEHD – excluded employer categories & non-LED states

– CTPP – secondary work trips and suppressed data

CTPP (3-Year) produces significantly higher OD trip rates than LODES, but distributes them over many fewer county pairs.

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LODES vs. CTPP (2000)Tract Level Findings

CTPP (2000) produced higher OD trip rates than LODES, but distributed them over many fewer Tract-to-Tract pairs.– Differences in flow rates between common Tracts were much

smaller

Differences in employment for individual Tracts could generally be attributed to:– Missing employment categories in LODES– New development occurring after 2000

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Work Trip Length Distributions

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General Findings

LODES is a good source of data on the distribution of home-to-work flows– More comprehensive and current than CTPP

LODES data should be used carefully and supplemented with local knowledge– Missing employment categories– Multiple worksite employers