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LESSON 3. The biosynthesis and breakdown of purine and pyrimidine bases. Quantitative determination of uric acid in the blood serum.
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Page 1: LESSON 3. - ncsa.runcsa.ru/upload/student/doc_raspisanie_2020-04-06_21-29-21.pdf · a. Both of the enzymes that catalyze the first two steps of IMP synthesis –PRPP synthetase and

LESSON № 3.

The biosynthesis and breakdown of purine and pyrimidinebases. Quantitative determination of uric acid in the blood

serum.

Page 2: LESSON 3. - ncsa.runcsa.ru/upload/student/doc_raspisanie_2020-04-06_21-29-21.pdf · a. Both of the enzymes that catalyze the first two steps of IMP synthesis –PRPP synthetase and

Nucleotides are the monomeric units of the nucleic acids: DNA and RNA. Each nucleotide contains a heterocyclic nitrogenous base (purine or pyrimidine), sugar (ribose or deoxyribose, and phosphate. Both DNA and RNA contain the same purine bases: adenine (A) and guanine (G). Both DNA and RNA contain the pyrimidine cytosine (C), but they differ in the second pyrimidine base; DNA contains thymine (T) whereas RNA contains uracil (U). The addition of a pentose sugar to a base by N-glycoside linkages produces a nucleoside. The ribonucleosides of A, G, C, T and U are named adenosine, guanosine, cytidine, thymidine, and uridine respectively. If the sugar is ribose, a ribonucleoside is produced; if the sugar is 2- deoxyribose a deoxyribonucleoside is produced. When the phosphate group is attached by an ester linkage to the 5'-OH of the pentose such a compound is called a nucleoside 5'-phosphate or a 5'-nucleotide.

Page 3: LESSON 3. - ncsa.runcsa.ru/upload/student/doc_raspisanie_2020-04-06_21-29-21.pdf · a. Both of the enzymes that catalyze the first two steps of IMP synthesis –PRPP synthetase and
Page 4: LESSON 3. - ncsa.runcsa.ru/upload/student/doc_raspisanie_2020-04-06_21-29-21.pdf · a. Both of the enzymes that catalyze the first two steps of IMP synthesis –PRPP synthetase and
Page 5: LESSON 3. - ncsa.runcsa.ru/upload/student/doc_raspisanie_2020-04-06_21-29-21.pdf · a. Both of the enzymes that catalyze the first two steps of IMP synthesis –PRPP synthetase and

Remember: The purine ring is built on a molecule of PRPP. There are severalsources of ribose-5 phosphate.a. Glucose metabolism.b. Nucleoside degradation generates ribose-1- phosphate, which can be

converted to ribose-5 phosphate.PRPP is required in:a. The de novo synthesis of purine and pyrimidine nucleotides.

b. The salvage pathways for purine nucleotides.c. The biosynthesis of nucleotide coenzymes.Note: De novo synthesis of purine nucleotides is regulated by feedback inhibition

.a. Both of the enzymes that catalyze the first two steps of IMP synthesis – PRPP

synthetase and PRPP amidotransferase –are inhibited by IMP, GMP and AMP.b. PRPP amidotransferase has two allosteric sites: one for IMP and GMP, and one

for AMP. If both sites are occupied, then inhibition is synergistic.c. Inhibition. The synthesis of adenylosuccinate from IMP is inhibited by AMP,

and the synthesis of XMP is inhibited by GMP.

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Page 21: LESSON 3. - ncsa.runcsa.ru/upload/student/doc_raspisanie_2020-04-06_21-29-21.pdf · a. Both of the enzymes that catalyze the first two steps of IMP synthesis –PRPP synthetase and
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+ + ГТФ

инозиновая кислота

аспарагиновая кислота

OCH2

H

H

OH

H

OH

H

O

OH

O

OH

P

N

NNH

N

O

COOHCHNH2

COOH

CH2

+ Ф + ГДФ

адениля нтарная кислота

OCH2

H

H

OH

H

OH

H

O

OH

O

OH

P

N

NN

N

NH

CHCH2

COOH COOH

H H

OCH2

H

OH OH

H

O

OH

O

OH

P

N

NN

N

NH2

+ Ф + ГДФ+

CH

CH

COOH

COOH

адениловая кислота

фумаровая кислота

Page 27: LESSON 3. - ncsa.runcsa.ru/upload/student/doc_raspisanie_2020-04-06_21-29-21.pdf · a. Both of the enzymes that catalyze the first two steps of IMP synthesis –PRPP synthetase and

инозиновая кислота

+ 1/2

ксантиловая кислота

OCH2

H

H

OH

H

OH

H

O

OH

O

OH

P

N

NNH

N

O

O2

OCH2

H

H

OH

H

OH

H

O

OH

O

OH

P

N

NNH

NH

O

O

ксантиловая кислота

+

глутамин

+ АТФCOOHCHNH

2

CH2

CH2

CO NH2

OCH2

H

H

OH

H

OH

H

O

OH

O

OH

P

N

NNH

NH

O

O

гуаниловая кислота

+ АМФ + ФФ

глутаминовая кислота

+OCH

2

H

H

OH

H

OH

H

O

OH

O

OH

P

N

NNH

N

O

NH2

COOHCHNH2

CH2

CH2

COOH

Page 28: LESSON 3. - ncsa.runcsa.ru/upload/student/doc_raspisanie_2020-04-06_21-29-21.pdf · a. Both of the enzymes that catalyze the first two steps of IMP synthesis –PRPP synthetase and
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Page 35: LESSON 3. - ncsa.runcsa.ru/upload/student/doc_raspisanie_2020-04-06_21-29-21.pdf · a. Both of the enzymes that catalyze the first two steps of IMP synthesis –PRPP synthetase and
Page 36: LESSON 3. - ncsa.runcsa.ru/upload/student/doc_raspisanie_2020-04-06_21-29-21.pdf · a. Both of the enzymes that catalyze the first two steps of IMP synthesis –PRPP synthetase and

+ АТФкарбаматкиназа

+ + АДФNH3

CO2 O P O

OH

OH

CONH2

O P O

OH

OH

CONH2

карбамилфосфат

+

NH2

CH COOH

CH2

COOH

аспарагиновая кислота

аспартаткарбамилтрансфераза

CONH2

NH CH COOH

CH2

COOH

карбамил-аспарагиновая кислота

+ Ф

COOH

CH2

H2N CO NH CH COOH

дигидрооротаза

-Н2О

CH2

NH

NH

О

ОСООН

дигидрооротовая кислота

_ _ _ _

Page 37: LESSON 3. - ncsa.runcsa.ru/upload/student/doc_raspisanie_2020-04-06_21-29-21.pdf · a. Both of the enzymes that catalyze the first two steps of IMP synthesis –PRPP synthetase and

дигидрооротовая кислота

дигидрооротатдегидрогеназа + ФАД

- ФАД.Н2

оротовая кислота

NH

C CH

CH2

O

C

O

COOHNH

NH

C C

CH

O

C

O

COOHNH

оротовая

кислота

+

5'-фосфорибозил-1'-пирофосфат

оротидин-5'-фосфатпиро-

фосфарилаза

оротидин-5'-фосфат

+

пирофосфат

NH

C C

CH

O

C

O

COOHNH

O P

OH

OH

O CH2

H

O

OH

H H

OH

H

NH

NO

O

COOH

O P

OH

OH

O CH2

H

O

OH

H H

OH

H

OP

O

OH

O P

O

OH

OH

OP

O

OH

P

O

OH

OHOH

оротидин-5'-фосфат

оротидин-5'-фосфатдекар- боксилаза

-

уридин-5'-монофосфат

CO2

O P

OH

OH

O CH2

H

O

OH

H H

OH

H

NH

NO

O

COOH

O P

OH

OH

O CH2

H

O

OH

H H

OH

H

NH

NO

O

Page 38: LESSON 3. - ncsa.runcsa.ru/upload/student/doc_raspisanie_2020-04-06_21-29-21.pdf · a. Both of the enzymes that catalyze the first two steps of IMP synthesis –PRPP synthetase and
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Page 45: LESSON 3. - ncsa.runcsa.ru/upload/student/doc_raspisanie_2020-04-06_21-29-21.pdf · a. Both of the enzymes that catalyze the first two steps of IMP synthesis –PRPP synthetase and

аденозин-3'-фосфат

3'-нуклеотидаза

+ H2O +

аденозин

O

H

O

H

OH

HH

N

NN

N

CH2

OH

P

O

OHOH

NH2

O

H H

OH

HH

N

NN

N

CH2

OH

NH2

OH

OH

P O

OH

OH

O

H H

OH

HH

N

NN

N

CH2

OH

NH2

OH

OH

P O

OH

OH+

аденозин

аденозинфосфорилаза

OH P

O

OH

OO

H H

OH

HH

CH2

OH

OH

NH

NN

N

NH2

рибозо-1-фосфат

+

аденин

Page 46: LESSON 3. - ncsa.runcsa.ru/upload/student/doc_raspisanie_2020-04-06_21-29-21.pdf · a. Both of the enzymes that catalyze the first two steps of IMP synthesis –PRPP synthetase and

N

NN

N

NH2

O

H H

OHOH

HH

CH2

OH

аденозин

нуклеозидаза + H

2O

O

H H

OHOH

HH

CH2

OH OH

рибоза

+

аденин

NH

NN

N

NH2

Page 47: LESSON 3. - ncsa.runcsa.ru/upload/student/doc_raspisanie_2020-04-06_21-29-21.pdf · a. Both of the enzymes that catalyze the first two steps of IMP synthesis –PRPP synthetase and

аденин

NH

NN

N

NH2

аденинаминогидролаза +

гуанинаминогидролаза +

H2O

H2O

NH3

NH3

+

NH

N

N

OH

N

NH

NNH

N

O

гипоксантин(енольная форма)

гипоксантин (кетоформа)

NH

NN

N

OH

NH2

гуанин

+

NH

NN

N

OH

OH NH

N

O

O

NH

NH

ксантин(енольная форма)

ксантин (кетоформа)

Page 48: LESSON 3. - ncsa.runcsa.ru/upload/student/doc_raspisanie_2020-04-06_21-29-21.pdf · a. Both of the enzymes that catalyze the first two steps of IMP synthesis –PRPP synthetase and

N

N

NH2

OH

цитозин

цитозинаминогидролаза + H

2O

NH3 +

N

NOH

OH

NH

NHO

O

урацил(енольная форма)

+

урацил (кетоформа)

NH

NNH

N

O

гипоксантин

ксантиноксидаза + 1/2

ксантиноксидаза + 1/2 O

2O

2

NH

NNH

NH

O

O

ксантинNH

NH

NH

O

O O

NH

мочевая кислота

Page 49: LESSON 3. - ncsa.runcsa.ru/upload/student/doc_raspisanie_2020-04-06_21-29-21.pdf · a. Both of the enzymes that catalyze the first two steps of IMP synthesis –PRPP synthetase and

урикооксидаза (уриказа)+ 1/2 +

-

мочевая кислота аллантоин

аллантоиназа +

аллантоиновая кислота

+2 +

мочевина глиоксиловая кислота

NH

NHNH

O O

O

O2 H

2O

CO2

NH

NHNH2

O O

O

H2O

NH

NH2

CNH2

O O

O OHH

2O

C O

NH2

NH2

C

C

OHO

H O

NHNH

NH

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NH

O

NHO

урацил

дигидроурацилдегидрогеназа + НАД.Н2

- НАД

NH

O

NHO

дигидроурацил

дигидропиримидиназа + H

2O

NH2

C CH2

CH2

C

O

NHO

OH

N-карбамил-бета-аланин

N-карбамил-бета-аланин- амидогидролаза

H2O+

бета-аланин

COOH

CH2

CH2

NH2

NH2

COOH

NH3 CO

2

карбаминовая кислота

+

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