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Hortatory and JussiveLet’s Get Started!
Hortatory and Jussive
Both the hortatory and jussive
subjunctives are used to urge or
encourage someone to do
something, rather than command.
They are both usually translated with
“Let..”
Hortatory
From the verb “hortor, hortarī, hortatus sum” “to urge,” “to encourage,” or “to
exhort” Only in the first person plural “Let us ____”
Ex. “eamus” “let’s go” Negative
“ne” plus subjunctive “ne eamus” “let’s not go”
Jussive
From the verb “iubeo, iubēre, iussi, iussus” “to order” or “to command”
In the second or third person “Let him/her/it____”
Ex. “discipuli legant” “let the students read” Negative
“ne” plus subjunctive Not as strong as an imperative, but the
speaker has some control - stronger than wishes (later) “may he rest in peace”
Hortatory and Jussive
Indicative Imperative Subjunctive(fact) (direct command)
(encouragement)We are starting.
Start! Let’s start.
Hortatory and Jussive Subjunctive
Indicative:We are sitting.
Imperative:Sit!
Subjunctive:Let us sit.
Hortatory and Jussive Subjunctive
Indicative:There is light.
Imperative:Light!
Subjunctive:Let there be light!
Hortatory and Jussive Subjunctive
Indicative:We are going.
Imperative:Go!
Subjunctive:Let’s go!
Hortatory and Jussive Subjunctive
Indicative:They are coming.
Imperative:Come!
Subjunctive:Let them come.
Hortatory and Jussive Subjunctive
N.B. “let go” is one verb, so be careful you’re not using the imperative
Let it go, let it go!Turn away and slam the door.I don't care what they're going to say.Let the storm rage on.
Pictures http://25.media.tumblr.com/254f2ec952146772497cdde0dae7b73a/tumblr_mu8a6ivh0d1s3ulybo8_r1_250.gif - Gandalf http://www.funnyjunk.com/funny_pictures/2693066/Dog - Dog http://www.liveleak.com/expired.html - Zombies http://video.disney.com/watch/disney-s-frozen-let-it-go-sequence-performed-by-idina-menzel-4ecd3e729706a16e5090f1de - Let it go http://www.southjordantheatre.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/10/GoDogGo.jpg - Go Dog Go http://fc01.deviantart.net/fs71/i/2012/155/c/2/let__s_go_bruins___by_hockeybrawl-d529nhb.jpg - Bruins http://velveteenrabbi.blogs.com/.a/6a00d8341c019953ef019b02041032970b-pi - Light http://www.epicurious.com/images/articlesguides/howtocook/primers/camp-cooking-how-to-build-a-fire_2.jpg - Campfire