Leveraging Public-Private Partnerships to Advance Bioenergy in

Poland

Tom Frankiewicz

Program Manager

U.S. EPA Landfill Methane Outreach Program

29 October 2009 Klub NFOSiGW

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Overview

Background on Methane Overview of Methane to Markets Biogas Applications and Technologies Methane to Markets Work in Poland Approach to Project Development Questions to Consider

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Methane Overview

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Methane (CH4)

Basic information– 100-year GWP = 25 -

Lifetime = 12 years

Primary component of natural gas.

Many natural and anthropogenic sources

– energy, agriculture & waste sectors

– 50 - 70% anthropogenic

Concentration of methane in the atmosphere has increased by 150% in the last 260 years

After about a decade of slow growth – as of 2007 global average methane concentrations have started to increase

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Methane Emissions Profile

Global Anthropogenic GHG Emissions by Gas (2004)

Carbon Dioxide

(deforestation, decay of

biomass, etc)17%

Carbon Dioxide (fossil

fuel use)57%

F-gases (CFCs, HFCs, PFCs, SF6)

1%

Nitrous Oxide8%

Methane14%

Carbon Dioxide (other)

3%

Global Anthropogenic Methane Emissions by Source (2005)

Enteric Fermentation

30%

Fuel (stationary and mobile)

1%

Rice Cultivation

10%

Other Agriculture

7%

Oil and Gas18%

Landfills12%

Biomass Combustion

3%

Coal Mining6%

Manure Management

4%

Wastew ater9%

Source: IPCC Assessment Report 4 (2007) Source: U.S. EPA Report (2006)

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M2M description

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What is Methane to Markets?

•International public-private partnership to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by increasing the capture and use of methane.

•Estimated to reach 180 MMTCO2 reductions annually by 2015.

OBJECTIVES

Advance the recovery and use of methane while:

– Enhancing economic growth

– Promoting energy security

– Improving local air quality and public health.

BENEFITS

Stabilization/Decline in Methane Concentrations will result in:

– Sustainability

– Energy security

– Health and safety

– Profitability

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Cost-Effective Projects Recover and Use Methane

Oil and Gas SystemsCoal Mines

Landfills Livestock Waste

Sources of Renewable Energy

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M2M Partners

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M2M Project Network

Brings necessary actors together to implement reduction projects Over 850 organizations Project Network members can:

– Expand business and increase profits– Distinguish themselves in the marketplace– Identify financial and technical support for potential projects– Build capacity– Fulfill strategic goals– Mitigate climate change

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2005 2006 2007 2008

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Key Accomplishments

Brought high-level focus specifically on methane– Raising awareness within governments of the multiple benefits

of methane recovery– Demonstrate importance of achieving near-term climate

benefits at low cost Directly involving the private sector and financing

organizations – over 800 in M2M

Good complement to Kyoto – provides technical assistance and capacity building necessary to ensure long-term project success

Achieving real reductions – over 91 projects featured at the 2007 M2M Expo in Beijing – potential reductions of 11.5 MMTCO2e

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Biogas Applications and Technologies

Landfill Gas

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Landfill BiogasLandfill Biogas

Local, available fuel source Easy to capture and use Source of renewable energy Constant supply - 24 hours a day, 7 days a

week Reliable technologies exist for using landfill

gas - >90% up time Uses a source of energy that otherwise

would have been wasted Helps the environment by reducing

uncontrolled emissions of landfill gas

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LFG Diagram

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LFG Energy Projects and Candidate Sites

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Biogas Applications and Technologies

Manure biogas

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Manure Biogas

Local, available fuel source Reliable, proven capture and use

technologies Source of renewable energy Constant supply - 24 hours a day, 7 days a

week Uses a source of energy that otherwise

would have been wasted Anaerobic digestion technologies provide

air and water quality benefits

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Digesters Around the World

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More Digesters Around the World

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Benefits of Manure Anaerobic Digesters

• Air Quality benefits• Control odors from storage and field application• Reduce greenhouse gas emissions (methane)• Controls other emissions (H2S, ammonia, VOCs)

• Water Quality benefits• Stabilize manure organics (reduce BOD/COD)• Significantly reduce pathogens• Reduce rainwater intrusion• Allow for appropriate fertilizer application timing• Alternate disposal option for organic waste streams

• Financial Benefits• Waste management system with potential for return on

investment• Quality fertilizer• Energy revenues• Carbon credits (offsets)• Fiber (primarily dairy manure)• Tipping fees for co-digestion

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Biogas Applications and Technologies

Possible use

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Possible UsesPossible Uses

Electricity Production

Combined Heat and Power

Direct Use

Alternate Fuels

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Electricity GenerationElectricity Generation

Most prevalent type of project in the US– In US, 1100 MW of capacity from over 250

operational LFG projects – And 35 MW of capacity from over 125

operational digester projects

Electricity sold to utility, cooperative or nearby customer

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Internal Combustion Internal Combustion EngineEngine

Sizing– 1-3 MWs

Proven and reliable

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Turbines: Gas, Steam, and Turbines: Gas, Steam, and Combined CycleCombined Cycle

Sizing: 1-10MWs Advantages

– Corrosion resistant

– Low O&M costs

– Small physical size

– Lower NOx emissions

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MicroturbinesMicroturbines

Sizing: 30-200 kW Advantages

– Low emissions– Multiple fuel

capability– Light weight/small

size– Fuel pretreatment

not required– Lower maintenance

costs

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Combined Heat and PowerCombined Heat and Power

Advantages– Greater overall energy recovery

efficiency from waste heat recovery - up to 80%

– Specialized CHP systems available

– Flexible - hot water or steam generation from recovered heat

There is additional cost

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Direct Gas UtilizationDirect Gas Utilization

Boilers Direct thermal applications – kilns,

furnaces Innovative applications

– Greenhouses – Infrared heaters – Pottery kilns – Leachate evaporation

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Direct Gas UtilizationDirect Gas Utilization

Gas piped to a nearby customer for use in boiler, kiln or other process

100 projects in the US Pipeline length range from .6 to 15

kilometers– less than 5 kilometers is most feasible

Gas used at off-site end user

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Direct Use Direct Use ApplicationsApplications

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GreenhousesGreenhouses

Use both electricity and heat.

Carbon dioxide can be used to grow greenhouse plants.

6 operational greenhouse projects in the U.S.

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Infrared HeatersInfrared Heaters

Used to heat storage and maintenance facilities

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Leachate EvaporationLeachate Evaporation

Utilize LFG to treat leachate

Commercially available technology

Units operating in the U.S. and internationally; 20 operational in the U.S.

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Value-Added Benefits

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Alternate FuelsAlternate Fuels

– High-Btu Upgrade

– Vehicle Fuels

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High-Btu UpgradeHigh-Btu Upgrade

Technology

– Gas is purified from 50% to 97- 99% methane

– Removal of carbon dioxide is primary step

Advantages

– Inject treated product into pipeline– Methane can be used as raw material– Reduction in use of fossil fuels

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LFG for Vehicle FuelLFG for Vehicle Fuel

Biodiesel production facility

Compressed natural gas (CNG) to fuel landfill equipment and fleet vehicles

CNG to fuel buses Diesel from LFG Methanol to biodiesel Ethanol production

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Scenic View Dairy, MI, USA

Began operation in 2007 Dairy farm digester (3,500 head) Manure biogas-to-high Btu pipeline quality

– Pressure swing absorption technology

Small scale – 150 cfm of biogas

Photos courtesy of Phase 3 Renewables

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Significant Benefits of Methane Recovery and Use Projects

BENEFITS OF METHANE PROJECTS Reduced waste of a valuable fuel and important local energy

source and Improved air quality, water quality and reduced odors Reduced greenhouse gas emissions Progress toward sustainable development goals Economic growth and energy security

BUT BARRIERS EXIST… Lack of awareness of emission levels and value of lost fuel Lack of information on and training in available technologies and

management practices Traditional industry practices Regulatory and legal issues Limited methane markets and infrastructure Uncertain investment climate

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Strategic Approach to Project Development

Strategic Focus– Target technical assistance and

services to countries with greatest project potential

– Initiate capacity building and outreach efforts w/ all M2M countries

– Leverage relationship with PN to advance projects (World Bank, ADB, ISWA)

Key Activities– Technical Assistance and Project Identification

• Data collection, assessment reports, pre-feasibility studies – Tool Development and Technology Transfer

• Gas generation model, CMM and Landfill database– Training and Capacity Building

• Clearing houses, training workshops, study tours, peer matching

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M2M Work In Poland

Inventory development – to delineate sites and potential project opportunities

Grant Support –Instytut Nafty i Gazu (INIG) to develop inventory, study and assess landfill gas energy in U.S., develop handbook and trainings of best practices for LFGE

Technical Assistance – currently assessing landfills to identify project opportunities for 2010 Project Expo

Capacity Building – have held two Landfill Gas Energy and Operations and Management Training Workshops in Poland (November 08 and July 09)

Meeting with federal officials, local and regional banks, and regional project developers to build interest and capacity to develop LFGE projects in Poland

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Where do we start?

Poland has significant methane capture and utilization resources

Robust infrastructure and renewable energy incentives

Methane to Markets is only one of multiple organizations – voluntary and regulatory currently working with Poland

How do we leverage these and other resources - to Poland’s benefit, to encourage methane capture and utilization?

• Premier international forum for promoting methane recovery and use project opportunities and technologies.

• Provides participants with opportunities to:o Showcase and learn about methane mitigation projects and technologies.

o Meet with potential project partners and financiers.

o Explore key technical, financial, and policy issues.

o Interact with high-level government agencies from 30 countries.

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For More Information . . .

www.methanetomarkets.org

Tom Frankiewicz (U.S.EPA)– frankiewicz.thomas@epa.gov

– +1.202.343.2302