I Meeting EUPHRESCO Project Phylib - Puerto de la Cruz, 20-21 February 2013
Current situation of ‘CandidatusLiberibacter solanacearum’ in the Canary Islands and psyllid vectors
Felipe Siverio and José Ángel Reyes, Sanidad Vegetal, Tenerife; Ana Rodríguez, University of La Laguna; Estrella Hernández and Julio Hernández, ICIA, Tenerife, Spain
BACKGROUND
•1999 Yellow and red discolorations and other vegetative disorders in carrots were reported in the Canary Islands
• Phytoplasmas (stolbur and aster yellows) were detected in symptomatic plants
•Bactericera trigonica was found in afected crops
• Carrot cultivation in Tenerife is performed in small plots in two areas
• Visual surveys performed 2008-2009 in Tenerife confirmed the high prevalence of the vegetative disorders in carrots
Symptoms
yellow and purple discolouration of leaves
leaf curling, stunting of roots and shoots, and proliferation of secondary roots.
Symptoms
Bactericera cockerelli
Potato zebra chip
Muestra Codigo Fecha Origen Liberibacter
10/0638 T2 28/05/2009 Tegueste 8/2210/0639 T5 21/05/2009 Icod 21/53
Psyllid samplesMuestra Codigo Fecha Origen Fitoplasmas Liberibacter
09/0503A T1 28/05/2009 Tegueste + +
09/0503C T3 28/05/2009 Tegueste - +09/0488E T6 21/05/2009 Icod + +
Following B. trigonica population in Tegueste (2009)
Traps
Evolution of Bactericera trigonica populations in 2009 (two traps)
0
50
100
150
200
25005
/08/
2009
13/0
8/20
09
20/0
8/20
09
27/0
8/20
09
03/0
9/20
09
10/0
9/20
09
17/0
9/20
09
24/0
9/20
09
02/1
0/20
09
08/1
0/20
09
15/1
0/20
09
22/1
0/20
09
30/1
0/20
09
05/1
1/20
09
12/1
1/20
09
19/1
1/20
09
26/1
1/20
09
03/1
2/20
09
10/1
2/20
09
17/1
2/20
09
Da
Nº d
e in
divi
duos
B. trigonicalife cycle
B. trigonica
B. trigonica
24,0 days
8,3 days
B. trigonica
Natural enemies? Tamarixia pronomus potential biological control agent of B. trigonica
Field trials 2012-2013 following psyllid populations
– Carrot-Psyllids-‘Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum’ (2 trial/year)
– Potato-Psyllids-‘Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum’ (1 trial/year)
Trioza erytreae
Bactericera sp.
Bactericera tremblayi
Bactericera sp.Bactericera trigonicaCacopsylla pyri
Serveral psyllid species found in the same areas
Field trials 2012
Plant Sampling Number of samples
Average of psyllids/sample
Carrot (1) 10 samplesOnce a week 100 153.2
Carrot (2) 10 samplesOnce a week 100 1.4
Potato 10 samplesOnce a week 70 1.5
Nº de Psílidos en zanahoria (P2)
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
1 (23
/8/12)
2 (30
/8/12)
3 (6/9
/12)
4 (13
/9/12)
5 (20
/9/12)
6 (28
/9/12)
7 (4/1
0/12)
8 (11
/10/12
)9 (
19/9/
12)10
(25/1
0/12)
Muestreo
Nº de Psílidos
Tratamientos fitosanitarios
Nº de Psílidos en zanahoria (1)
0250500750
10001250150017502000225025002750300032503500375040004250450047505000525055005750600062506500
Z1 (1
5/5/12
)Z2
(22/5
/12)
Z3 (2
9/5/12
)Z4
(5/6/
12)
Z5 (1
2/6/12
)Z6
(19/6
/12)
Z7 (2
6/6/12
)Z8
(3/7/
12)
Z9 (1
0/7/12
)Z1
0 (17
/7/12
)
Muestreo
Nº de Psílidos
Insecticide treatments Insecticide treatments
Nº de Psílidos en Papa
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
1 (24/5/12)
2 (1/6/12) 3(14/6/12)
4(21/6/12)
5(28/6/12)
6 (5/7/12) 7(12/7/12)
Muestreo
Nº de Psílidos
Insecticide treatments
Field trials 2012
Psyllids detected in trials
CarrotBactericera trigonica, B. nigricornis, B. sp1, B. sp2, B. sp3, Cacopsylla sp., Ctenarytaina (eucalypti or spatulata)
Potato B. sp1, Bactericera trigonica
African citrus psyllid
HLB or greeningCa. Liberibacter spp.
Psyllid damageTrioza erytreae
http://www.grancanaria.com/cabgc/granja/pdfs/11.pdf
Trioza erytreae distributionThe 2009, 2010, 2012 surveys: visual inspection of the growing crop and laboratory testing
Citrus HLB has not been detected in the Canary Islands
Conclusions
• `Ca. Liberibacter solanacearum´ has been detected in carrots in Tenerife but not in potato
• Bactericera trigonica is the most frecuent psyllid in the crop but other species have also been found, some of them not previously described
• `Ca. Liberibacter solanacearum´ has been detected in psyllids from carrots in Tenerife and their vector efficiency is under study.
Thanks!!!
