870 REVIEWS AND NOTICES OF BOOKS.

sections and diagrams ; its development is paid specialattention to. The next fifty pages are devoted to a

description of the chief organs and tissues of craniate

animals, and this is followed by an account of the

Cyclostomata and Pisces, the latter being exemplifiedby a detailed description of the dogfish and trout.

The transition from the fish to the amphibians is pre-pared by an account of the dipnoan Ceratodus in whichseveral of Giinther’s figures are reproduced. The frog istaken as the chief amphibian example and we cannot helpwishing that the artist had been allowed to prepare a newprocess block to illustrate the external features of thecommon grass frog; the one borrowed from Mivart’s bookis hardly up to the standard of the illustrations of the restof the work. The type selected for the reptiles is the lizardand at the end of the description of the class there is a shortsection on extinct reptiles. An account of the pigeon forms

I

a good introduction to the study of birds and the illustra-tions of this portion of the book are enriched by severalphotographs of skeletons and stuffed specimens from variousmuseums. The way for the mammals is preparedby a description of the rabbit, after which the various ordersare dealt with and the external forms of many character-istic specimens figured. The different systems in the

anatomy of mammals as well as their development are thendescribed and the section closes with a discussion on themutual relationships of the Chordata. The next sectiondeals with the distribution of animals and includes a

coloured chart showing the zoo-geographical regions of theworld. The Philosophy of Zoology occupies the next sectionand is followed by one on the History of Zoology, whichrecords the chief work of the leaders of the science from thetime of Aristotle to that of Weismann. The work ends witha guide to modern zoological literature in the form of an 4

appendix. The illustrations are very numerous and usually <<good. They have been gathered from many sources and also ccontain a large number of original drawings by Mr. M. P.Parker, whose name is a sufficient guarantee for the accuracy i

and artistic merits of his work. We can conscientiously (

recommend this book to anyone taking up the study ofzoology and we deeply regret that one of its authors should *:not have lived to see the succass which we believe it is 1bound to command. 1

The Essentials of Experimental Physiolorty. By T. G. E

BRODIE, M.D. Lond. Pp. 231. 177 Illustrations.London : Longmans, Green, and Co. 1893. Price 6s. 6d. I

THIS work, which is complementary to Sch&auml;fer’s "Essen- ]tials of Histology" and to Halliburton’s "Essentials of I

Chemical Physiology," is intended for the use of students and a

describes the experiments that are suitable for class demon- tJstrations. In the selection of these the author has in great c

measure followed the lines laid down in Professor Bardon t

Sanderson’s Syllabus of Lectures" published in 1879 and s

adopted in the course of advanced practical physiology under il

Professor Halliburton at King’s College. The exercises fitted t]for elementary and for advanced students respectively have t]

been distinguished by different kinds of type, so that the c

text-book is adapted for a complete course of experimental dphysiology. The work is especially valuable from the s1

beautiful tracings and curves, which are all original andhave been prepared by the author for this work. GThe description of the mechanism and arrangement of the R

apparatus for the various experiments is simplified and ren- tldered absolutely clear by numerous drawings and diagrams, Lsome of which are from other sources, but many appear here Icfor the first time. The work admirably supplies students J.of physiology with a reliable and much required guide to li

experimental work and will assuredly long remain a recog- ofnised handbook on the subject. et

LIBRARY TABLE.

Some Incidents in General Practice. By AUGUSTINE

PRICHARD, Surgeon. Bristol: J. W. Arrowsmith. 1898.&mdash;The late Mr. Augustin Prichard, an obituary notice of whomappeared in our issue of Jan. 15th, was connected with.themedical profession for a period of over sixty years. Thatbeing so his reminiscences might be expected to be interest-ing to the younger generation, and this little book bears outthe expectation. Written in a pleasant and simple manner itgives a life-like picture of a state of society long since passedaway and is full of sound wisdom. Mr. Prichard’a remarks

upon suicide may well be pondered upon by magistrates andthose silly but well-meaning people who see in the suicidaltemperament only a condition to be petted. Referring to aninstance of a silly girl who jumped from Clifton SuspensionBridge he says: " She should have had two or three weekshard labour instead of being petted and handed over to herfriends." The book is an interesting record of a long,useful, and honourable life, and well worth the study ofthe present-day practitioner.The Medical Annual and Practitioners’ Index, 1898;

Bristol: John Wright and Co. Pp. 697. With 127 Illustra-tions and 30 Plates.-The sixteenth and latest volumeof this useful book of reference is well up to the standardof those which have gone before and presents two newand welcome features. The editors have done wisely to,

secure Mr. S. G. Shattock to write an atlas on Bacteria,

Pathogenic to Man and to include it, with its well-executedplates, in this publication. The first half of this atlas.

appears in this year’s instalment. Since medical menhave often an imperfect knowledge of the law as it,affects them, the addition of recent legal decisions which.either affect the medical profession directly or have refer-ence to public health is a step in the right direction andone, it is to be hoped, that will be continued in future

years. The illustrations are well done and mention may be-made especially of a series of photographs showing the-operative obliteration of the deformity in Pott’s disease

which is appended to an article by Messrs. Tubby and Jones.The names of the contributors and a study of the article&

prove that this is a publication which should be in the-

hands of every practitioner who wishes to keep abreast of the,advances in medicine and surgery with the least possible*expenditure of time and trouble.

The Story of Life in the Seas. By SYDNEY J. HICKSON,D.Sc., F.R.S., Professor of Zoology in the Owens College,.Manchester. London : George Newnes, Limited. 1898..Price 1s.-This is a volume of the Library of Useful Stories,a series of popularly but accurately written little books

upon scientific subjects. It commences with a short but-clear account of Oceanography and then passes to describe-the various fauna-those of the shallow water, those of thesurface, and those of the deep seas. Then follows a most

interesting account of Commensalism and Parasitism andbhe book ends with a speculative chapter upon the Origin ofbhe Marine Fauna. Dr. Hickson, though he allows the diffi..

ulty of the question, considers that the evidence at ourlisposal points to the origin of life having had its seat in theihallow waters.

.Doctor and Patient : Hints to Both. By Dr. ROBERTGERSUNY, Director and Principal Visiting Surgeon of theRudolfinerhaus, Vienna. Translated with the permission ofihe author, by A. S. LEVETUS, with a preface by D. J.LEECH, M.D., F.R C.P. Lond., &c., Professor of Pharmaco-

ogy in the Owens College and Victoria University. Bristol:fohn Wright and Co. Price 2s. - This is an admirableittle work written upon the same lines as "The Professionif Medicine," by Dr. Charles West. It deals with variousethical points and will be found of great value to patient

871REVIEWS AND NOTICES OF BOOKS.

as well as to medical men. Many disagreeables would beavoided if both classes took to heart Dr. Gersuny’s remarksupon Gossip, Chapter vi. ; Harmful Influence of the Personsabout the Patient, Chapter vii. ; and Corruption of Doctors bythe Pablic, Chapter ix. Dr. Gersuny’s remarks upon medicalaid societies and their medical officers-" medical clerks, " ashe calls them-are a striking confirmation of our SpecialCommissioner’s observations as published in our series of

articles, "The Battle of the Clubs." He thinks that the

evils will cure themselves by the very fact of their existencebut not "before a new generation has arisen."

Lexique-Formulaire des Nouveaut&eacute;s M&eacute;dicales (Dictionaryof Recent Advances in tlae Medical Sciences). By ProfessorPAUL LEFERT. Paris: J. B. Bailli&egrave;re et Fils. 1898.

Pp. 336.-This little book consists of alphabetically-arranged paragraphs giving condensed but satisfactorydescriptions of many of the new methods, new words,and new substances which have of recent years beenintroduced in medicine, surgery, obstetrics, materia

medica, &c. The inclusion of such headings as Agglutina-tion des microbes, Bacille icteroide, Iodothyrine, Ligatureapophysaire, and Protargol, shows that the work is broughtwell up to date ; under Vaccination the author quotes aregulation relative to the vaccination of French soldierswhich is dated Nov. lst, 1897. The book will be founduseful for reference, and in particular it supplies a wantwhich is not uncommonly felt by those whose readingincludes either French and German medical periodicals orextracts translated from them.

Constipation in Adults and Children, with special referenceto Habitual Constipation and its Most Successful Treatmentby Mechanical Methods. By H. ILLOWAY, M.D., FormerlyProfessor of the Diseases of Children, Cincinnati College ofMedicine and Surgery. New York and London : Macmillanand Co. 1897. Pp. 495. Price 17s.-So much splendidwork is being done in America at the present time, and thestandard has been raised at Johns Hopkins University andelsewhere to such a high level, that it is a real disappoint-ment to come across such a book as this Americanvolume. The book is divided into two parts: 184 pages aredevoted to a description of the conditions leading to, andassociated with, constipation and the rest to treatment.The author is at pains to show the need of elaboratemechanical and electrical devices in order to cure constipa-tion. That massage is of value in some few cases and even

necessary will no doubt be granted, but it is certainthat massage need never, and will never, take the

prominent position assigned to it in this volume in the treat-ment of constipation. The worst feature of the book is the

illustrations, many of them being in thoroughly bad taste.The literary level of this production may be judged by thefollowing : " Cloacina is very exacting and demands the fullconcentration of the mind upon the duties then to be

performed (p. 96), and remotus (sic) causa tollitureffectus (p. 185).

Sanitation in Srinagar: A Review of Four Years’ Work,1893-96. By AsuTOSH MiTxA, L.R.C.P., L.R C.S. Edin.,F.C.S. Pp. 12 -This pamphlet is drawn up somewhat inthe form of an official report giving an account of thefirst introduction of sanitary reform into Srinagar, the

capital of the valley of Kashmir. This city has over

25,000 houses and a population of more than 120,000persons. It extends along both banks of the River

Jhelum, the water of which becomes excessively pollutedin its course through the city. Great mortality was

caused by an epidemic of cholera which visited Kashmirin May and June, 1892, and the author, who is chief medicalofficer of Kashmir and president of the Srinagar munici-pality, was asked to draw up a practical scheme of publicsanitation. His recommendations were of the most approved

modern kind and although difficulties were encountered atfirst through the prejudices of the population and the heavyexpenditure, yet so much was accomplished that whencholera again visited the place in 1895 it was kept withinvery small proportions indeed.

JOURNALS.I’Ae Journal of Physiology. Edited by MICH.AEL FOSTER,

M.D., F.R.S., and J. N. LANGLEY, Sc.D., F.R.S.Vol. XXII., No. 5. London : C. J. Clay and Sons. March,1898. Price 5s. - The original articles contained in this

part are six in number - viz. : 1. J. L. Bunch on the

Origin, Course, and Cell-connexions of the Viscero-motorNerves of the Small Intestine, with seventeen figures in thetext. The main conclusions arrived at are that the smallintestine in the dog, cat, and rabbit shows normally aregular rhythm of contraction and dilatation varying infrequency and extent but averaging in the dog twelve perminute; that small doses of morphia produce no appreciableeffect upon the tone-i.e., increased or diminished con-

traction ; that nicotine in most dogs occasions systolic andin some dogs and all cats diastolic tone of the small

intestine; that elimination of the peripheral end of thecut vagus produces no effect on the movements of thesmall intestine, whilst stimulation of the cut splanchnicusually produces in dogs systolic tone and in some

dogs and all cats diastolic tone; that the splanchnicsprobably contain in all animals two sets of nerve fibres,one tending to produce increased contraction of the

intestine, the other set diminished contraction; and that thenerve fibres pass to the splanchnic from the anterior roots ofthe dorsal and lumbar nerve, from the sixth thoracic, to asfar down in some instances as the fifth lumbar nerve. 2.An Intestinal Plethysmograph, by Arthur Edmunds, B.Sc.3. The Effect of Resistance to Secretion upon the Percentageof Salts in Saliva and upon the Work Done by the Gland, by0. F. F. Grunbaum, B.A., B.Sc. The author of the articlefound that when a gland is made to secrete against resist-ance it secretes much less saliva in a given time and the per-centage of salts in it increases. 3. On Hepatic Glycogenesis,by F. W. Pavy, M.D. Lond. This article is a criticism on

statements made by Dr. Paton in a previous number of thejournal. 4. The Precipitation of Carbohydrates by NeutralSalts, by R. A. Young, M.D. Lond., showing that the saltprecipitation method can be quite as easily applied to thacolloid carbohydrates as to proteids and can be equallywell used for the purpose of discriminating one from another.5. Hydrolysis of Glycogen, by M. Christine Tebb. Lastly,the proceedings of the Physiological Society at the meetingof Feb. 12th are given.

Recueil d’OPIatalnzologie. Sous la direction des DocteursGALBZOWSKi et CHAUVEL. 3me. S6rie. 20e. Annee. No. 1.

Janvier, 1898.-The articles contained in this number are :(1) M. E. Goblot: La Vision Droite ; (2) Dr. Galezowski : Dela Thermometrie Oculaire et de son Utilit&eacute; dans le Diagnosticde certaines Maladies des Yeux ; (3) Dr. G. Valois : Retardsde Cicatrisation apres 1’Operation de la Cataracte; (4) Dr.Strzeminski: Complications Oculaires de Zona Ophtalmique.The Proceedings of the Ophthalmological Society of Pariscomplete the number.

OTTERY ST. MARY COTTAGE HOSPITAL. - Thefourth annual report of the Ottery St. Mary Cottage Hos-pital showed that 53 patients had been admitted during 1897,against 58 in the preceding year. The total income for theyear was about E400 and the expenditure &pound;437.WALTON CONVALESCENT HOME.&mdash;The annual

report of this convalescent home stated that during the pastyear 340 patients have been admitted, a larger number thanin any previous year. The income amounted to &pound;858 andthe expenditure was &pound;848.

N 4