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Life Course Analysis of Older Tourists:
Implications for Active Ageing Agenda
Gareth Shaw – Exeter, UKAndrjez Tucki – Lublin, PolandMaria Custodio – Algarve, PortugalPaul Cleave – Exeter, UK
Active Ageing in the EU
• Active ageing – helping people stay in charge of their own lives as they get older allowing contributions to society and economy
• 2012 – European Year promoting Active Ageing
2010-2060• Over 65 yrs grows from 17.4% to 29.5%• Over 80 yrs grows 3 times to 12%• Pressure on pensions, health care and long term care
systems
Scope of Research Project
Life Course Analysis of Retired People and their holiday taking
Stage of intervention active ageing
Process of intervention – social marketing
Tourism and Ageing (Life Course Analysis)
Use of biographical methods (Sedgley et al. 2006)
Understanding within the context of ‘life phases’ (Gibson and Yiannaki 2002)
‘Life events’ and tourism patterns of post-retired (Nimrod 2008)
Call for new agenda, tourism research embracing ‘critical gerontology’ (Sedgeley et al. 2011: 422
Developed in 1970’s as a means of examining patterns of work and family organisation (Harever, 1978)
It has been adapted to other contexts, e.g. shopping behavior (Bailey et al. 2010)
Life Course Analysis
Subject Mapping
Leisure Research
Gerontology• Engagement
/activation theory
• Disengagement theory
• Continuity theory
Tourism Research
Size of circle = number of publicationsAgeing and Leisure/Tourism Activities
• Centrality of tourism, Weiss (2005) essence of retirement
• Nimrod (2008) increased opportunity
Propositions between retirement and tourism
• Increased constraints (Blazey, 1992), negotiating mechanism (Hubbard and Mannell, 2001
• Continuity aspects (Nimrod, 2008)
Use of biographical questionnaires and oral histories (Bailey et al. and Nell et al. 2009)
Combination of these give a degree of consistency
Survey is based on 3 countries: UK, Poland and Portugal. 45 respondents (UK surveys between 1-3 hours)
Application of a combined biographical questionnaire and oral history to save time
Life Course Techniques
Scope of Survey
Biographical questionnaire
20 mins Life Course
Narrative analysis
Statistical analysis
UK 15 Poland 15 Portugal 15
Oral history
1- 3 hours
Life course
Lifecourse Years Destinations Important Activities Important meanings
Married 1961 Austria (Package) Wales (VFR) Scotland
Visiting different landscapes
Sightseeing cultural activities
Rest and Relaxation, VFR, health/wellbeing, Family
time
Son Daughter
1966 1967
1982 1986 1989
Canada (VFR) Canada (VFR) Canada (VFR) Scotland
House move to Bristol 1991 No holiday
1992 Wales (VFR)
Retired 1998
House move to Devon 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2008 2009 2014
Florida Norway (Cruise) Switzerland (package) Germany (Package) Black Sea Cruise Austria (Package) Hungary (Package) Scotland (VFR) Multiple holidays all by coach at
Rest/relaxation, Sightseeing
Adjustments due to medical issues
Wellbeing
Health constraints
George (82) and Jane (76) – Middle class
Life courseLifecourse Years Destinations Important
Activities Important meanings
Married 1976 Cornwall Lake District Wales
Scotland
ZĞƐƚĂŶĚƌĞůĂdžĂƚŝŽŶWŐŽŽĚĨŽŽĚW ůŽĐĂů
ĐƵůƚƵƌĞW ůĂŶĚƐĐĂƉĞƐ
' ŽŽĚĨŽƌŚĞĂůƚŚĂŶĚǁ ĞůůďĞŝŶŐWůŝƚƚůĞŝŶƚĞƌ ĞƐƚŝŶ
ƉŚLJƐŝĐĂůĂĐƚŝǀ ŝƚŝĞƐ
Child
1980 1989 1992 1997 2000 2003
Devon Cornwall Days out (VFR) Spain (Package) Austria (Package) Australia (VFR)
Austria
Retired
Wife 60th House Move Husband health issues Husband 70th
2005 2007 2010 2011 2012 2013 2013 2014
Switzerland (Package) No holiday No holiday Austia (Package) Scotland (Coach trip) Austria (Coach trip) Italy York (Package), Lake District (Package), Switzerland (Package)
Relaxation, food, landscape, culture
Increase importance of wellbeing. Also no
important constraints recognised
Jim (73) Joyce (70) Middle class
• ContinuityJackie (67):
‘Its much the same, in some ways I’ve always been like this as a child, I like doing things children like doing (exploring/discovering). I’d like to do one of these holidays like walking for softies, or painting for those without any talent’ (Interview E/4)
• Negotiating mechanismsMary (64) and John (70):
‘We do less sightseeing now, with John in a wheelchair it depends how far I can push him. We go off for the day, we go on trips. When we were in Budapest we’d go off after breakfast, we are slow, we don’t rush. I can’t do what I used to. Its not the barriers to taking a holiday, its barriers to what we can do when we get there. When we go on cruises they have trips that are organised or graded according to activities’
(Interview E/2)
Retirement activities and meanings