Life of Christ by Pastor Charles T. Russell

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The Life of Christ A col lection of writ ings about Jesus Christfrom the pen of Pastor Charles T. Russell.


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Printed and Distributed by: CBS Liter ature Distribution Service P.O. Box 661335

Chicago IL 60666-1335 (1.800.GODS.PLAN

š [email protected]


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TABLE OF CONTENTS

PREFACE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

THE LIFE OF CHRIST CHRONOLOGICALLY ACCORDING TO THE BIBLICAL RECORD . . . . . 2

PRIOR TO JESUS’ MINISTRY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

THE BEGINNING OF JESUS’ MINISTRY . . . . . . . . . . 55

JESUS’ GREAT MINISTRY IN GALILEE. . . . . . . . . . 103

JESUS’ LATER MINISTRY IN JUDEA . . . . . . . . . . . 311

JESUS’ LATER MINISTRY EAST OF THE JORDAN . . . 377

JESUS FINAL MINISTRY AT JERUSALEM . . . . . . . . 441


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PREFACE

When Jesus invited his first disciples to become his fol lowers, they were to expe rience anamazing change in lifestyle. They were to give up their lives as fishermen and tax collectorsfor lives of per sonal sacrifice. Sitting at the feet of the Master and learning directly fromhim must have been a wonder ful expe rience. Studying his mannerisms and the way he

dealt with people became a model for the apos tles as they grew to become lead ers of theearly Christian church. It was important for them not only to hear the words of Jesus, but toalso wit ness the way that he lived his consecration. Even the tone of his voice must havemade an impact on the hearts and minds of these early brethren.

How can anyone today hope to have the life of Jesus affect them in the same way that itaffected those who lived with him? We can only read the words that describe the tender wayhe interacted with the sick and needy. But we miss the atmosphere and the specific circum-stances surround ing each event. Our information is sec ond hand, at best. As a result, devo -tion and sacrifice for the Lord’s cause may seem more difficult for the modern Christian.But here we are at the end of the Gospel Age, trying to know and understand our Savior thebest we can. We are deeply grateful that the Lord has made special provisions for his saints.

Our returned Lord has released a flood of truth from the pen of that “Wise and Faithful Ser-vant.” Though we do not have first hand knowl edge of Jesus, we are more than com pen-sated with deeper insights into his redemp tive work. This knowl edge should invigorate usto the same sac rificial lifestyle as those early Christians who served so faith fully.

As we attempt to under stand the Divine Plan more thoroughly we come to the realizationthat no meaningful knowledge of God would be complete without a study of the life of Jesus.Because of this, it would be wise for each of us to become thor oughly familiar with everydetail of his life. The apos tle admonished the church to “Con sider him that endured suchcontradiction of sinners against himself, lest ye be weary and faint in your minds” (He-brews 12:3). There is no nobler study, and practical guide to living, than such a con sider-ation of our Lord. He taught us how to live, how to serve, and how to develop God-likequalities. It is our hope that this compilation of arti cles will be help ful to the New Creation,and to the entire Household of Faith, as together we “consider him.”

On the following pages you will see a “Harmony of the Gospels,” out lining a chronologicalorder to the four Gospel accounts. We present the accompanying articles in this samesequential order. As you examine the selected arti cles note that not all scriptural passageshave a companion article. How ever, we would encourage the brethren not to skip over thesepas sages, but to uti lize the Expanded Biblical Comments, or additional helpful resources.In addition, we have included a CD with this book. The CD con tains an Adobe pdf file, aswell as Microsoft Word files con sisting of every article contained in this book. This can behelpful to those who pre fer to use a laptop computer. Single articles can also be printed out

in prep aration for individual stud ies. Whichever way you choose to use the CD we hope thatit proves use ful.

Your Brethren in Christ,

CHICAGO BIBLE STUDENTS

Book Republishing Committee—2007

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THE LIFE OF CHRIST CHRONOLOGICALLY ACCORDING TO THE BIBLICAL RECORD

2

Date Place Event Matthew Mark Luke John

3 B.C. Jerusalem, temple Birth of John the Baptist foretold toZechariah 1:5-25

~2 B.C. Nazareth; Judea Birth of Jesus foretold to Mary, who

visits Elizabeth

1:26-56

2 B.C. Judean hill country Birth of John the Baptist; later, his

desert life

1:57-80

2 B.C. Oct. Bethlehem Birth of Jesus (the Word, through whom

all other things had come into

existence) as descendant of

Abraham and of David

1:1-25 2:1-7 1:1-5,9-14

Near Bethlehem Angel announces good news;

shepherds visit babe

2:8-20

Bethlehem; Jerusalem Jesus circumcised (eighth day),

presented in temple (fortieth day)

2:21-39

1 B.C. or

1 A.D.

Jerusalem; Bethlehem;

Nazareth

Astrologers; flight to Egypt; babes

killed; Jesus returns

2:1-23 2:39,40

12 A.D. Jerusalem Twelve-year-old Jesus at the Passover;

goes home

2:41-52

29, spring Wilderness; Jordan Ministry of John the Baptist 3:1-12 1:1-8 3:1-18 1:6-8,15:28

29, fall Jordan River Baptism and anointing of Jesus; born

as a human in David’s line but

declared to be the Son of God

3:13-17 1:9-11 3:21-38 1:32-34

Judean Wilderness Fasting and temptation of Jesus 4:1-11 1:12,13 4:1-13

Bethany beyond Jordan John the Baptist’s testimony concerning

Jesus1:15,29-34

Upper Jordan Valley First disciples of Jesus 1:35-51

Cana of Galilee;

Capernaum

Jesus’ first miracle; he visits

Capernaum2:1-12

30, Passover Jerusalem Passover celebration; drives traders

from temple2:13-25

Jerusalem Jesus’ discussion with Nicodemus 3:1-21

Judea; Aenon Jesus’ disciples baptize; John to

decrease3:22-36

Tiberias John imprisoned; Jesus leaves for

Galilee

4:12;

14:3-5

1:14;

6:17-20

3:19,20;

4:144:1-3

Sychar, in Samaria En route to Galilee; Jesus teaches the

Samaritans4:4-43


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30 Galilee First announces “The kingdom of the

heavens has drawn near”4:17 1:14,15 4:14,15 4:44,45

Nazareth; Cana;

Capernaum

Heals boy; reads commission; rejected;

moves to Capernaum4:13-16 4:16-31 4:46-54

Sea of Galilee, near

Capernaum

Call of Simon and Andrew, James, and

John4:18-22 1:16-20 5:1-11

Capernaum Heals demoniac, also Peter’s mother-

in-law and many others8:14-17 1:21-34 4:31-41

Galilee First tour of Galilee with the four now

called4:23-25 1:35-39 4:42,43

Galilee Leper healed; multitudes flock to Jesus 8:1-4 1:40-45 5:12-16

Capernaum Heals paralytic 9:1-8 2:1-12 5:17-26

Capernaum Call of Matthew; feast with tax

collectors9:9-17 2:13-22 5:27-39

Judea Preaches in Judean synagogues 4:44

31, Passover Jerusalem Attends feast; heals man; rebukes

Pharisees5:1-47

Returning from

Jerusalem (?)

Disciples pluck ears of grain on the

Sabbath12:1-8 2:23-28 6:1-5

Galilee; Sea of Galilee Heals hand on Sabbath; retires to

seashore; heals12:9-21 3:1-12 6:6-11

Mountain near

Capernaum

The twelve are chosen as apostles 3:13-19 6:12-16

Near Capernaum The Sermon on the Mount 5:1–7:29 6:17-49

Capernaum Heals army officer’s servant 8:5-13 7:1-10

Nain Raises widow’s son 7:11-17

Galilee John in prison sends disciples to Jesus 11:2-19 7:18-35

Galilee Cities reproached; revelation to babes;

yoke kindly11:20-30

Galilee Feet anointed by sinful woman;

illustration of debtors7:36-50

Galilee Second preaching tour of Galilee, with

the twelve8:1-3

Galilee Demoniac healed; league with

Beelzebub charged12:22-37 3:19-30

Galilee Scribes and Pharisees seek a sign 12:38-45

Galilee Christ’s disciples his close relatives 12:46-50 3:31-35 8:19-21

Sea of Galilee Illustrations of sower, weeds, others;

explanations13:1-53 4:1-34 8:4-18


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31 Sea of Galilee Windstorm stilled in the crossing of the

lake8:18,23-27 4:35-41 8:22-25

Gadara, SE of Sea of

Galilee

Two demoniacs healed; swine

possessed by demons8:28-34 5:1-20 8:26-39

Probably Capernaum Jairus’ daughter raised; woman healed 9:18-26 5:21-43 8:40-56

Capernaum (?) Heals two blind men and a mute

demoniac9:27-34

Nazareth Revisits city where reared and is again

rejected13:54-58 6:1-6

Galilee Third tour of Galilee, expanded as

apostles sent9:35–11:1 6:6-13 9:1-6

Tiberias John the Baptist beheaded; Herod’s

guilty fears14:1-12 6:14-29 9:7-9

32, near

Passover

Capernaum (?); NE side

Sea of Galilee

Apostles return from preaching tour;

5,000 fed

14:13-21 6:30-44 9:10-17 6:1-13

NE side Sea of Galilee;

Gennesaret

Attempt to crown Jesus; he walks on

sea; cures14:22-36 6:45-56 6:14-21

Capernaum Identifies “bread of life”; many disciples

fall away6:22-71

32, after

Passover

Probably Capernaum Traditions that make void God’s Word 15:1-20 7:1-23 7:1

Phoenicia; Decapolis Near Tyre, Sidon; then to Decapolis;

4,000 fed15:21-38 7:24–8:9

Magadan Sadducees and Pharisees again seek

a sign15:39–16:4 8:10-12

NE side Sea of Galilee;Bethsaida

Warns against leaven of Pharisees;heals blind

16:5-12 8:13-26

Caesarea Phil ippi Jesus the Messiah; foretells death,

resurrection16:13-28 8:27–9:1 9:18-27

Probably Mt. Hermon Transfiguration before Peter, James,

and John17:1-13 9:2-13 9:28-36

Caesarea Phil ippi Heals demoniac that disciples could

not heal17:14-20 9:14-29 9:37-43

Galilee Again foretells his death and

resurrection17:22,23 9:30-32 9:43-45

Capernaum Tax money miraculously provided 17:24-27

Capernaum Greatest in Kingdom; settling faults;

mercy18:1-35 9:33-50 9:46-50

Galilee; Samaria Leaves Gali lee for Festival of Booths;

everything set aside for ministerial

service

8:19-22 9:51-62 7:2-10


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32 Jerusalem Jesus’ public teaching at Festival of Booths 7:11-52

Jerusalem Teaching after Festival; cures blind 8:12–9:41

Probably Judea The 70 sent to preach; their return, report 10:1-24

Judea; Bethany Tells of neighborly Samaritan; at home of Martha, Mary 10:25-42

Probably Judea Again teaches model prayer; persistence in asking 11:1-13

Probably Judea Refutes false charge; shows generation condemnable 11:14-36

Probably Judea At Pharisee’s table, Jesus denounces hypocrites 11:37-54

Probably Judea Discourse on God’s care; faithful steward 12:1-59

Probably Judea Heals crippled woman on Sabbath; three illustrations 13:1-21

Jerusalem Jesus at Festival of Dedication; The Good Shepherd 10:1-39

Beyond Jordan Many put faith in Jesus 10:40-42

Perea (beyond

Jordan)

Teaches in cities, villages, moving toward Jerusalem 13:22

Perea Kingdom entrance; Herod’s threat; house desolate 13:23-35

Probably Perea Lessons from the home of a Pharisee 14:1-24

Probably Perea Counting the cost of discipleship 14:25-35

Probably Perea Illustrations: lost sheep, lost coin, prodigal son 15:1-32

Probably Perea Illustrations: unjust steward, rich man and Lazarus 16:1-31

Probably Perea Forgiveness and faith; unprofitable servants 17:1-10

Bethany Lazarus raised from the dead by Jesus 11:1-46

Jerusalem;

Ephraim

Caiaphas’ counsel against Jesus; Jesus withdraws 11:47-54

Samaria; Galilee Heals and teaches en route through Samaria, Galilee 17:11-37

Samaria or

Galilee

Illustrations: importunate widow, Pharisee and tax

collector 18:1-14

Perea Swings down through Perea; teaches on divorce 19:1-12 10:1-12

Perea Receives and blesses children 19:13-15 10:13-16 18:15-17

Perea Rich young man; illustration of laborers in vineyard 19:16–

20:1610:17-31 18:18-30

Probably Perea Third time Jesus foretells his death, resurrection 20:17-19 10:32-34 18:31-34

Probably Perea Request for James’s and John’s seating in Kingdom 20:20-28 10:35-45

Jericho Passing through Jericho, he heals two blind men; visits

Zacchaeus; parable of the pounds20:29-34 10:46-52

18:35–

19:28


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6

Year 33 Place Event Matthew Mark Luke John

Nisan 8 Bethany Arrives at Bethany six days before

Passover 11:55 to 12:1

Nisan 9 Bethany Feast at Simon the leper’s house; Mary

anounts Jesus; Jews come to see

Jesus and Lazarus

26:6-13 14:3-9 12:2-11

Bethany-Jerusalem Christ’s triumphal entry into Jerusalem 21:1-11,14-17 11:1-11 19:29-44 12:12-19

Nisan 10 Bethany-Jerusalem Barren fig tree cursed; second temple

cleansing21:18,19,12,13 11:12-17 19:45,46

Jerusalem Chief priests and scribes scheme to

destroy Jesus11:18,19 19:47,48

Jerusalem Discussion with Greeks; unbelief of Jews 12:20-50

Nisan 11 Bethany-Jerusalem Barren fig tree found withered 21:19-22 11:20-25

Jerusalem, temple Christ’s authority questioned; illustration of

two sons21:23-32 11:27-33 20:1-8

Jerusalem, temple Illustrations of wicked husbandman,

marriage feast21:33–22:14 12:1-12 20:9-19

Jerusalem, temple Catch questions on tax, resurrection,

commandment22:15-40 12:13-34 20:20-40

Jerusalem, temple Jesus’ silencing question on Messiah’s

descent22:41-46 12:35-37 20:41-44

Jerusalem, temple Scathing denunciation of scribes and

Pharisees23:1-39 12:38-40 20:45-47

Jerusalem, temple The widow’s mite 12:41-44 21:1-4

Mount of Olives Prediction of Jerusalem’s fall; Jesus’

presence; end of system

24:1-51 13:1-37 21:5-38

Mount of Olives Illustrations: ten virgins, talents, sheep/goats 25:1-46

Nisan 12 Jerusalem Religious leaders plot Jesus’ death 26:1-5 14:1,2 22:1,2

Jerusalem Judas bargains with priests to betray Jesus 26:14-16 14:10,11 22:3-6

Nisan 13 Near and in Jerusalem Arrangements for the Passover 26:17-19 14:12-16 22:7-13

Nisan 14 Jerusalem Passover feast eaten with the twelve 26:20,21 14:17,18 22:14-18

Jerusalem Jesus washes the feet of his apostles 13:1-20

Jerusalem Judas identified as traitor and is dismissed 26:21-25 14:18-21 22:21-23 13:21-30

Jerusalem Memorial supper instituted with the eleven

26:26-29 14:22-25

22:19,20,

24-30

[1 Cor.

11:23-25]

Jerusalem Denial by Peter and dispersion of apostles

foretold26:31-35 14:27-31 22:31-38 13:31-38

Jerusalem Helper; mutual love; tribulation; Jesus’ prayer 14:1–17:26

Gethsemane Agony in the garden; Jesus’ betrayed and

arrested26:30,36-56 14:26,32-52 22:39-53 18:1-12


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7

Year 33 Place Event Matthew Mark Luke John

Jerusalem Trial by Annas, Caiaphas, Sanhedrin;

Peter denies26:57–27:1 14:53–15:1 22:54-71 18:13-27

Jerusalem Judas the betrayer hangs himself 27:3-10 [Acts 1:18,19]

Jerusalem Before Pilate, then Herod, and then backto Pilate

27:2,11-14 15:1-5 23:1-12 18:28-38

Jerusalem Delivered to death, after Pilate seeks his

release27:15-30 15:6-19 23:13-25 18:39–19:16

~3 pm

Friday

Golgotha, Jerusalem Jesus’ death on the cross and associated

events27:31-56 15:20-41 23:26-49 19:16-30

Jerusalem Jesus’ body removed from the cross and

buried27:57-61 15:42-47 23:50-56 19:31-42

Nisan 15 Jerusalem Priests and Pharisees get guard for tomb 27:62-66

Nisan 16 Jerusalem and vicinity Jesus’ resurrection and events of that day 28:1-15 16:1-8 24:1-49 20:1-25

Jerusalem; Galilee Subsequent appearances of Jesus Christ 28:16-20 [1 Cor. 15:5-7] [Acts 1:3-8] 20:26–21:25

Iyyar 25 Mount of Olives

near Bethany

Jesus’ ascension, fortieth day after his

resurrection[Acts 1:9-12] 24:50-53


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PRIOR TO JESUS’ MINISTRY

Luke 1:5-25

There was in the days of Herod, the king of Judea, a certain priest named Zacharias, of the course of Abijah: and his wife was of thedaughters of Aaron, and her name was Elis-abeth. And they were both righteous before

God, walk ing in all the com mand ments andordinances of the Lord blameless. And theyhad no child, because that Elisabeth wasbarren, and they both were now wellstricken in years. And it came to pass, thatwhile he executed the priest’s office beforeGod in the order of his course, According tothe custom of the priest’s office, his lot wasto burn incense when he went into the tem-ple of the Lord. And the whole multitude of the people were pray ing without at the timeof incense. And there appeared unto him an

angel of the Lord stand ing on the right sideof the altar of incense. And when Zachariassaw him, he was troubled, and fear fellupon him. But the angel said unto him, Fearnot, Zacharias: for thy prayer is heard; andthy wife Elisabeth shall bear thee a son, andthou shalt call his name John. And thoushalt have joy and gladness; and manyshall rejoice at his birth. For he shall be

great in the sight of the Lord, and shalldrink neither wine nor strong drink; and heshall be filled with the Holy Ghost, evenfrom his mother’s womb. And many of thechildren of Israel shall he turn to the Lordtheir God. And he shall go before him in the

spirit and power of Eli jah, to turn the heartsof the fathers to the children, and the dis-obedient to the wisdom of the just; to makeready a people prepared for the Lord. AndZacharias said unto the angel, Wherebyshall I know this? for I am an old man andmy wife well stricken in years. And theangel answering said unto him, I amGabriel, that stand in the presence of God;and am sent to speak unto thee, and toshow thee these glad tidings. And, behold,thou shalt be dumb, and not able to speak,

until the day that these things shall be per-formed, because thou believest not mywords, which shall be fulfilled in their sea-son. And the people waited for Zacharias,and marveled that he tarried so long in thetemple. And when he came out, he couldnot speak unto them: and they per ceivedthat he had seen a vision in the temple: forhe beckoned unto them, and remained

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3 B.C. Jerusalem, temple Birth of John the Baptist foretold to

Zechariah

1:5-25

~2 B.C. Nazareth; Judea Birth of Jesus foretold to Mary, who

visits Elizabeth

1:26-56

2 B.C. Judean hill country Birth of John the Baptist; later, his

desert life

1:57-80

2 B.C. Oct. Bethlehem Birth of Jesus (the Word, through whom

all other things had come into

existence) as descendant of

Abraham and of David

1:1-25 2:1-7 1:1-5,9-14

Near Bethlehem Angel announces good news;

shepherds visit babe

2:8-20

Bethlehem; Jerusalem Jesus circumcised (eighth day),

presented in temple (fortieth day)

2:21-39

1 B.C. or 1 A.D.

Jerusalem; Bethlehem;Nazareth

Astrologers; flight to Egypt; babeskilled; Jesus returns

2:1-23 2:39,40

12 A.D. Jerusalem Twelve-year-old Jesus at the Passover;

goes home

2:41-52

29, spring Wilderness; Jordan Ministry of John the Baptist 3:1-12 1:1-8 3:1-18 1:6-8,15:28


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speechless. And it came to pass, that, assoon as the days of his min istration wereaccomplished, he departed to his ownhouse. And after those days his wife Elisa-

beth conceived, and hid herself five months,saying, Thus hath the Lord dealt with me inthe days wherein he looked on me, to takeaway my reproach among men.

THE FORERUNNER OF CHRIST. — Reprints, p. 1915

Luke 1:5-17.“And thou, child, shalt be called the Prophet of the Highest;

for thou shalt go before the face of the Lord to prepare his ways.”—Luke 1:76.

IN considering this familiar narrative we are

reminded of the Lord’s great care in preparing

his chosen instruments for the various parts of his great work. Abraham’s life was a long disci-

pline of faith and patience; for he was to be thefather of the faithful, a type of the fatherhood of

God, and a worthy example to all his children,both those under the Law and those under the

new covenant of grace.—Rom. 4:11-17.

Moses was specially prepared to be a leader,lawgiver and judge to Israel. Born under the

humiliating conditions of bondage and the im-

perial sentence of death, he was providentially

protected, preserved and adopted into the royal

family, where he received a measure of that

education nec essary for his future service; and

after that he had forty years more in the retire-

ment of domestic life, which, under the opera-

tions of divine grace, hard ened his vir tues and

mellowed the ardor of his temperament. Thus

God gave to Israel a trained and experienced

character as a leader. Similarly, suitable prepa-

ration for the positions they were to occupy or

the work they were to do is very noticeable in

other cases, both of Bible record and of subse-

quent history. Mark the case of Samuel, a child

of prayer, devoted to the Lord from his infancy,

and trained in the service of the Lord under the

care of Eli; and of Paul, called from his infancy,

instructed in the law, and zealous toward God

even while ignorantly persecuting the saints,

verily thinking he did God ser vice.

John the Baptist was another illustration.The preparations in this, as in most of these

cases, began before he was born, in the hearts

of his parents,—“They were both righteous

before God, walking in all the com mandments

and ordinances of the Lord blameless.” (Verse

6) Consider also subsequent reformers known

to all through the pages of history, and mark

the providential leadings in their preparation

for their work long before they could have any

knowledge of the work that was before them.

Consider also how the Lord has been preparing

the Gospel Church for its Millennial work; and

how he prepared the ancient worthies for their

Millennial work in the earthly phase of the

coming Kingdom; and so on through all the list

of his “chosen vessels.” The “chosen vessel” is

always a prepared vessel for the service in-tended; and that the preparation is of God, and

not of himself, is manifest from the fact that in

every case it began long before the chosen one

knew of the ends to be accomplished or the sig-

nificance of the providential circumstances or

the measures of discipline.The principal preparation which God re-

quires for every part of his hon or able ser vice is

holiness of heart—devotedness to God and to

his righteousness and truth, and abhorrence of

all that is unholy, unclean. “Be ye clean thatbear the vessels of the Lord.” There are, how-

ever, some parts of the Lord’s service which

reflect no honor upon those engaged in it,

though they do reflect honor upon the wisdom

and power of God who is able to make even the

wrath of his enemies to praise him, by his

power to out-general and overrule their evil for

good to his cause. For instance, Satan, and

every other evil worker, whose evil devices are,

by divine power, overruled for good of God, un-

wittingly serve some of the purposes of God—

sometimes for the discipline of the children of God and sometimes for the revolutionizing of

affairs in the world.

The prenatal influences upon John the Bap-

tist were such that, from his birth, his heart

was inclined toward God and holiness (verse

15); and the training and discipline of his life

were such that at maturity he was ready for the

10 PRIOR TO JESUS’ MINISTRY


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work of introducing to Israel the long-promisedMes siah. Of him it was foretold, “He shall be

great in the sight of the Lord.” Yes, he was agreat man, a great preacher and a great

prophet. Jesus said he was the greatest of all

the prophets. (Matt. 11:11.) But he was notgreat in the eyes of men. He was never a guest

at the palace of Herod, but he was a prisoner inhis prisons. He was not an esteemed orator in

the Jewish synagogues, but he was “a voice cry-ing in the wilderness.” He was not arrayed in

purple and fine linen, nor did he fare sumptu-ously every day, but his raiment was of camel’s

hair and a leathern girdle, and his meat waslocusts and wild honey. And though, for a time,

the mul titudes were attracted by his preaching,

he was soon abandoned by the people, impris-oned by the king, and finally beheaded in

prison.

And yet John was truly a great man; for hewas “great in the sight of the Lord.” He wasgreat in the sense that he that ruleth his own

spirit according to the principles and preceptsof the divine Word is greater than he that tak-

eth a city. (Prov. 16:32.) All the natural aspira-tions and human ambitions were made

subservient to his one mission of introducing

his cousin, Jesus of Nazareth, a man of humblebirth and circumstances, as the Messiah, to

whom he knew the gathering of the peoplewould be after he had accomplished his mission

of introducing him. (Gen. 49:10.) But John waspleased to have it so, and declared that in per-

forming this service for his cousin according tothe flesh, and thus accomplishing his part in

the divine purpose and prophecy, his joy wasfulfilled. (John 3:29.) And, by the eye of faith

discerning in the humble Nazarene the Son of

God, he said to the people, “One mightier thanI cometh, the latchet of whose shoe I am not

worthy to unloose.” “Behold the Lamb of God,which tak eth away the sin of the world!” “He

must increase, but I must decrease.”—Luke

3:16; John 1:29; 3:30.It was this meekness, this complete self-

abnegation and singleness of purpose to accom-

plish the righteous will of God, that constitutedthe moral greatness of John. And because he

was in that atti tude of heart where the Lord

could use him he was privileged to be the great-

est, the most highly honored, of all the proph-

ets, in that he was chosen to introduce, to Israel

and the world, the Anointed Son of God, the

Redeemer and future King of the whole earth.

Thus he became a great man, a great preacher

of righteousness and truth, the greatest of all

the prophets, and one of the heirs of the earthly

phase of the Kingdom of God.

What a profitable lesson is in this for all who

would seek true greatness—to be “great in the

sight of the Lord.” It calls to mind that wise

admonition of the Apostle, “Humble yourselves

under the mighty hand of God that he may

exalt you in due time.” (1 Pet. 5:6.) The way

of the cross, the way of humiliation and self-

abasement, is the way to the crown, to that true

honor that cometh from God only. Where now is

the honor of the great ones of earth who have

passed away—the Caesars, the Herods, the

Alexanders and Napoleons; the Jewish scribes

and Pharisees and doctors of the law and Rab-

bis? and where all the reverend Popes and Car-

dinals and Bishops and Priests of the great

Apostasy who proudly flourished in their day?

They have all come to naught, and in the Mil-

lennial judgment they will come forth to shame

and confusion of face, stripped of all their hon-

ors. But those truly great ones—“great in the

sight of the Lord”—are reserved unto honor andglory and power at the appear ing and Kingdom

of Jesus Christ.

Let the lesson come home to each of our

hearts,—“He that is greatest among you, let

him be as the younger; and he that is chief, as

he that doth serve.” Patiently submit to the

humbling now, and hopefully and joyfully wait

for the glory to be revealed by and by in all

the faithful. This is not the time nor place

for rewards, but for disci pline and ser vice, for

the development of character, for making readyfor the future exaltation, that we may appear

without spot or wrinkle or any such thing, joint

heirs of our Redeemer.

For an exposition of verses 16 and 17 see

Stud ies in the Scriptures, vol. 2, chapter 8.



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PREPARING FOR THE KINGDOM — Reprints, p. 4939LUKE 1:5-23.

“Without faith it is impossible to please God.”—Hebrews 11:6.

OUR BEREAN STUDY course for the year hasbeen mapped out by the International Commit-

tee. It constitutes a very thorough investigation

of our Lord’s earthly life, from His birth to Hisascension. Today’s study very appropriatelycalls for investigation of God’s dealings and

promises up to the birth of John the Baptist,

the Redeemer’s forerunner and herald.

Four thousand years before the birth of

Jesus, God declared that the Seed of the woman

would bruise the Serpent’s head. This dark say-

ing we now see signifies that sin with all its

work of havoc in the world is to be offset and

destroyed in due time and that the power of

God to this end will operate through a wonder-

ful Son of the disobedient Eve. Centuriespassed with no sign of a fulfillment of this

promise. Our race became more degraded and

lapsed more and more into unbelief. Then

Enoch was born, of the line of Seth. “He walked

with God” and was used as a Divine mouthpiece

to give a fur ther prophecy, saying, “Behold, the

Lord cometh with myriads of His holy ones, to

execute judg ment (jus tice) in the earth.”—Jude

14,15.

Another thousand years elapsed before God

made any further suggestion of His benevolentintention of giving the world a fresh trial or

judgment. Then to Abraham, the friend of God,

He made known more fully still the hope of the

world—the Gospel. God declared to Abraham

His intention to bless all the families of the

earth, and secondly, that this blessing upon

mankind would come to them through Abra-

ham’s posterity: “In thee and in thy Seed shall

all the families of the earth be blessed.”—Gen.

12:3.

This statement to Abraham, St. Paul pro-nounces the first Gospel message, because the

other statements were so vague as not to make

certain human recov ery. Sin and the Serpent

might have been destroyed without the seed

of the woman being specially blessed, and the

judging of mankind mentioned by Saint Enoch

implied, but did not positively say, that human

blessing would result. The message to Abra-

ham, however, was explicit—“All the families of

the earth shall be blessed.” See Gal. 3:8.

St. Paul reminds us that God not only de-clared His coming blessing, but that He made

oath to the same. God’s oath was not necessary

to Abraham. He confidently believed; but, as St.

Paul said, the oath was for our sake. The fulfill-

ment of the promise would be so long deferred

that we, who are so specially interested in it,

might have feared some change in the Divine

Program. St. Paul assures us that the oath was

in order that, “by two immutable things (God’s

Word and God’s oath), we might have strong

consolation (we, the Church), who have fled for

refuge to lay hold upon the hope set before us(in ‘the good tidings’, the promise), which hope

we have as an anchor to our souls, sure and

steadfast, within the veil, whither our Forerun-

ner has for us entered.” (Hebrews 6:18-20.) We

see, then, by the Apostle’s words, that the Abra-

hamic promise or Covenant has not yet been

fulfilled—it is still an anchor for our faith.

Seeking Abraham’s Seed

Ishmael was not the heir of the promise, but

Isaac was; Esau was not, but Jacob was.

Finally, all of Jacob’s family were accepted as Abraham’s seed, and in due time they were all

baptized into Moses in the sea and the cloud

and became heirs of the promise, on condition

that they would keep the Law given at Mt.

Sinai. Obedience to the requirements of that

Law would give them eternal life, and forthwith

the approved ones would be God’s agents in ful-

filling the promise—in “blessing all the families

of the earth.”

But, imperfect like all the remainder of our

race under the death sentence, the Israeliteswere unable to keep the perfect Law of God;

hence they all died, like the remainder of the

race—because they were sinners. As Jesus said,

none of you keepeth the Law; as St. Paul said,

“By the deeds of the Law shall no flesh be justi-

fied in God’s sight.” Nevertheless, the endeavor

of the Jews to obey their Law brought a great



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blessing upon them; though some were hypo-

critical and said prayers, not from the heart,

others were “Israelites indeed in whom was no

guile.”

The heart-loyalty of the “Israelites indeed”

God appreciated, and they were granted the

privilege at Pentecost of stepping from the

house of Moses, as faithful servants, into thehouse of Christ, as faithful sons. (Heb. 2:5,6.)

“To as many as received Him (Jesus), to these

gave He liberty to become sons of God.” (John

1:12.) They were accepted into this sonship

after Jesus had laid down His life sacrificially,

had been raised from the dead to the divine

nature, and had ascended far above angels,

principalities and powers to God’s right hand of

favor and had appeared as the Advocate for all

“Israelites indeed,” all willing to walk in His

steps.Other Gracious Promises

All of God’s promises were to Abraham and

his seed (his natural seed primarily). Conse-

quently all through the Jewish Age, while they

as a people were trying to commend themselves

as worthy to be the Seed of Abraham, by en-

deavoring to keep the Law, God spoke to them

prophetically. He informed them that it was

His intention ultimately to make a New Cove-

nant with them, still better than the one which

Moses mediated. Under that New Covenant Hewould take away their sins and iniquities; but

He did not tell them how these would be can-

celled; that they would be cancelled through the

merit of “better sacrifices” than those which

they offered through the Law year by year.

God assured them that this New Covenant

would have a Mediator who would be higher

than Moses. Of that Mediator Moses prophe-

sied, saying, “A Prophet shall the Lord your

God raise up unto you from amongst your

brethren, like unto me (I am a type of Him);

Him shall ye hear in all things—and whoso-ever will not obey that Prophet shall be

destroyed.” (Acts 3:23.) That greater Media-

tor would be the One by whom they would be

really helped up to a place where they could

keep the Divine Law perfectly and be used of

God in blessing all the earth.—Jer. 31:31.

How the Israelites longed thereafter for the

New Covenant with the better Mediator, whom

they styled Messiah, or the Anointed of God!

Hearken again to God’s message respecting this

glorious Messiah, the Mediator of the New Cov-

enant; He says, “Behold, I send you the Messen-

ger of the Covenant, whom you delight in (the

One whom you have been so long praying for,

the One through whose assistance you will be

enabled to keep My Law and to become My

agents in the instruction and blessing of the

world); but who may abide the day of His com-

ing and who shall stand when He appeareth,

for He is like fuller’s soap and a refiner’s fire?

And He shall sit to refine the sons of Levi that

they may offer an accept able sac rifice.”—

Malachi 3:1-3.

Thus the Israelites had the precious promise

respecting the coming of the Messiah—and not

only so, but intimations that there would be

special trials and difficulties on those living at

that time. Nat urally every mother amongst the

Israelites longed for the birth of a son, hoping

that she might be honored as the parent of the

Seed of the woman, who would bruise the Ser-

pent’s head—the great One of Abraham’s seed

through whom, by some unknown arrangement

or process, a great blessing would come uponthe sons of Levi, upon Israel and through these

upon all the na tions of the earth.

These promises led up to and culminated in

the birth of John the Baptist, the incidents of

which constitute the study of today. He was not

to be Mes siah, but His herald. He was not born

of a miraculous conception of the Holy Spirit

and without human father, but He was an -

nounced by a special messenger of God, as our

lesson most beautifully tells. If Zacharias’ faith

was tested, it was found strong and wasassisted by his nine-months’ experience of

dumb ness. Thus did God pre pare the way

before sending His only begotten Son to be

man’s Redeemer.



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Luke 1:26-80

And in the sixth month the angel Gabriel

was sent from God unto a city of Galilee,named Nazareth, To a virgin espoused to aman whose name was Joseph, of the houseof David; and the virgin’s name was Mary.And the angel came in unto her, and said,Hail, thou that art highly favored, the Lordis with thee: blessed art thou amongwomen. And when she saw him, she wastroubled at his saying, and cast in her mindwhat manner of salutation this should be.And the angel said unto her, Fear not,Mary: for thou hast found favor with God.And, behold, thou shalt conceive in thy

womb, and bring forth a son, and shalt callhis name JESUS. He shall be great, andshall be called the Son of the Highest: andthe Lord God shall give unto him the throneof his father David: And he shall reign overthe house of Jacob for ever; and of his king-dom there shall be no end. Then said Maryunto the angel, How shall this be, seeing Iknow not a man? And the angel answeredand said unto her, The Holy Ghost shallcome upon thee, and the power of the High-est shall over shadow thee: therefore alsothat holy thing which shall be born of thee

shall be called the Son of God. And, behold,thy cousin Elisabeth, she hath also con-ceived a son in her old age: and this is thesixth month with her, who was called bar-ren. For with God nothing shall be impossi-ble. And Mary said, Behold the handmaid of the Lord; be it unto me according to thyword. And the angel departed from her. AndMary arose in those days, and went into thehill country with haste, into a city of Judah;And entered into the house of Zacharias,and saluted Elisabeth. And it came to pass,that, when Elisabeth heard the salutation of

Mary, the babe leaped in her womb; andElisa beth was filled with the Holy Ghost:And she spake out with a loud voice, andsaid, Blessed art thou among women, andblessed is the fruit of thy womb. Andwhence is this to me, that the mother of myLord should come to me? For, lo, as soon asthe voice of thy salutation sounded in mineears, the babe leaped in my womb for joy.

And blessed is she that believed for thereshall be a perfor mance of those things

which were told her from the Lord. AndMary said, My soul doth magnify the Lord,And my spirit hath rejoiced in God my Sav-ior. For he hath regarded the low estate of his handmaiden: for, behold, from hence-forth all generations shall call me blessed.For he that is mighty hath done to me greatthings; and holy is his name. And his mercyis on them that fear him from generation togeneration. He hath showed strength withhis arm; he hath scattered the proud in theimagination of their hearts. He hath putdown the mighty from their seats, and

exalted them of low degree. He hath filledthe hungry with good things; and the richhe hath sent empty away. He hath helpedhis servant Israel, in remembrance of hismercy; As he spake to our fathers, to Abra-ham, and to his seed for ever. And Maryabode with her about three months, andreturned to her own house. Now Elisabeth’sfull time came that she should be delivered;and she brought forth a son. And her neigh-bors and her cousins heard how the Lordhad showed great mercy upon her; andthey rejoiced with her. And it came to pass,

that on the eighth day they came to circum-cise the child; and they called him Zacha-rias, after the name of his father. And hismother answered and said, Not so; but heshall be called John. And they said unto her,There is none of thy kindred that is calledby this name. And they made signs to hisfather, how he would have him called. Andhe asked for a writing table, and wrote, say -ing, His name is John. And they marveledall. And his mouth was opened immediately,and his tongue loosed, and he spake, andpraised God. And fear came on all that

dwelt round about them: and all these say-ings were noised abroad throughout all thehill country of Judea. And all they that heardthem laid them up in their hearts, saying,What manner of child shall this be! And thehand of the Lord was with him. And hisfather Zacharias was filled with the HolyGhost, and prophesied, saying, Blessed bethe Lord God of Israel; for he hath visited



~2 B.C. Nazareth; Judea Birth of Jesus foretold to Mary, who visits Elizabeth 1:26-56

Judean hill country Birth of John the Baptist; later, his desert life 1:57-80


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and redeemed his people, And hath raisedup a horn of salvation for us in the house of his servant David; As he spake by themouth of his holy prophets, which havebeen since the world began: That we shouldbe saved from our ene mies, and from thehand of all that hate us; To per form themercy promised to our fathers, and to

remember his holy covenant; The oathwhich he swore to our father Abraham, Thathe would grant unto us, that we being deliv-ered out of the hand of our enemies mightserve him without fear, In holiness andrighteousness before him, all the days of

our life. And thou, child, shalt be called the

prophet of the Highest: for thou shalt go

before the face of the Lord to prepare his

ways; To give knowledge of sal vation unto

his people by the remission of their sins,

Through the tender mercy of our God;

whereby the dayspring from on high hath

visited us, To give light to them that sit indarkness and in the shadow of death, to

guide our feet into the way of peace. And

the child grew, and waxed strong in spirit,

and was in the deserts till the day of his

showing unto Israel.

THE VERY GREATEST PROPHET — Reprints, p. 4940LUKE 1:57-80

“Blessed be the Lord God of Israel, for He hath visited and redeemed His people.”—Luke 1: 68.

OF JOHN THE BAPTIST Jesus declared, “Ver-

ily I say unto you, of those born of women therehath not risen a greater Prophet than John the

Baptist; and yet I say unto you that the least in

the Kingdom of God is greater than he.” (Luke7:28.) These words are valuable as showing us

that John was the last of the Prophets an-nouncing the coming of Messiah and the begin-

ning of the great work of selecting fromamongst sinners a loyal class, to be associates

with the Redeemer in His Messianic Kingdom

and glory. John could not be of the Kingdomclass. His grand work terminated before the Re-

deemer’s sacrifice was finished—before Pente-costal blessings came accepting some as joint-

heirs with Christ in His Kingdom. John himselfseemed to understand this, for he declared, “He

that hath the Bride is the Bridegroom,” but I

am the Bridegroom’s friend and rejoice to hearHis voice.—John 3:29.

John—“The Favor of God”In harmony with the message of the Angel

Gabriel, John the Baptist was born. On his

eighth day he was circumcised and named. The

family relatives urged the name of his father,but the father and mother named him John,

and immediately Zacharias’ dumbness departed.

His faith had been helped. He had triumphed

over all doubts and manifested this by giving

the name mentioned by Gabriel. The name

John has a beautiful signification—“The favor

of God.”

As a man John was peculiar in that he had

no other aim or object in life than to be God’smessenger—to proclaim His Anointed One and

to prepare the people for the trying experiences

and character-test which Malachi had declared

would come with the revealment of Messiah,

who would “sit as a Refiner, to purify the sons

of Levi, that they might offer to God an accept-

able sacrifice.” So it was that John in his minis -

try declared, “The Kingdom of God is at hand.”

Believe the good news. Repent, reform. Get

ready for a share in that Kingdom.

The trials came in a way not expected. Mes-

siah was not born an heir to earthly wealth or

name or fame, and His experiences as well as

His teachings were different from any that the

Doctors of the Law had anticipated. The opposi-

tion of sinners and Jesus’ opposition to the

errors and hypoc risies of His time produced a

burning which had a refining effect upon some

and made of them antitypical Levites, conse-

crated people, many of whom became antitypi-

cal priests, presenting their bodies living

sacrifices, walking in the footsteps of the

Redeemer.The Prophecy of Zacharias

St. Peter distinctly tells us respect ing the Old

Testament Prophets, that “Holy men of old

spake and wrote as they were moved by the

Holy Spirit.” He intimates that fre quently they

uttered deeper and broader truths than they

themselves comprehended—truths which only



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the future would fully reveal. This is true of the

prophecy of Zacharias, in this les son. Verses 68-

70 constitute the first division of this prophecy;

praise to God, the Fountain of every good and

perfect gift, comes first. To Him all honor and

praise are to be given for the fulfillment of His

gracious promises of old, “for He hath visited

and brought redemption to His people; He hathraised up a horn of salvation for us in the house

of His servant David,” in harmony with the

promises. Here, after the usual manner of

prophecies, the thing about to be accomplished

is spoken of as though it had been done.

As John the Baptist was born but six months

before Jesus, it follows that the begetting of

Jesus had already taken place at the time of

this prophecy. The Holy Spirit spoke of the

things begun, but not yet accomplished, as

though finished: “He hath visited and broughtredemption for His people.” This word redemp-

tion applies not only to the redeeming work

accomplished by Jesus in the consecration of

His life at baptism and down to the completion

of His sacrifice at Calvary, but it is compre-

hensive enough to take in the entire work of

reclaiming humanity.

A small section of our race, the “elect,” is

being reclaimed during this Gospel Age; but the

Scriptures assure us that the Messianic reign of

a thousand years will all be for the purpose of

redeeming or bring ing back from the power of sin and death Adam and so many of his chil-

dren as shall be willing to accept the Divine

favor, when brought to their knowledge. The

import, therefore, of this first strophe or section

of the poetic prophecy is, The Lord be praised

that the time has come beginning the great

blessing which He long ago promised.

Deliverance From EnemiesThe second section or strophe of this pro-

phetic poem runs from verse 71 to 75. It relates

to the deliverance of God’s people from thepower of their enemies. One important thought

here is that none but God’s people will ever be

delivered from the enemies here referred to.

However, there have been many in the past, as

there are at present, enemies through wicked

works—not because of intentional wickedness,

but because blinded by the god of this world,

the deceitfulness of riches, the weaknesses of

their fallen flesh, etc.

During Messiah’s reign of a thousand years,

when all the blind eyes will be opened and all

the deaf ears will be unstopped, and when the

knowledge of the glory of God’s character will

be clearly revealed and the horribleness of sin

be fully manifested—then many, now led cap-tive by Satan at his will, will bow the knee to

Emmanuel and confess to the glory of God. In

other words, as Jesus said, His consecrated fol-

lowers are His “little flock” of the present time.

But during His glorious reign He will gather

another flock. As He said, “Other sheep I have

which are not of this fold—them also I must

bring, that there may be one fold and one Shep-

herd.”—John 10:16.“One fold and one Shepherd” does not signify

that all of the sheep will be of the same nature.

On the contrary, the Apostle tells us that God’sPlan is ultimately to “gather together under

one Head (Shepherd) all things, both in heaven

and in earth.” (Ephesians 1:10.) Of these “all

things” the Church, the Bride, will be chief, on

the plane of divine nature. The Great Company,

cherubim and angels will follow in order, and

redeemed and restored mankind in human per-

fection will be the lowest order in the Divine

fold.St. Paul tells us about the enemies from

whom ultimately all of God’s people shall be

delivered. Satan is an enemy. He shall be

bound for a thousand years and ultimately

shall be destroyed. Sin is an enemy, which will

be stamped out in its various phases during

Messiah’s Kingdom. And we read, “The last

enemy that shall be destroyed is death”—and

with it will go the tomb. Adamic death will be

no more. None will be under its power. The res-

urrection power will release all. Only those who

sin wilfully, deliberately, will die the Second

Death, which is not an enemy.

The Preparatory WorkThe third section or strophe of this prophetic

poem tells us of a work to be accomplished

before the grand consummation of the destruc-

tion of all enemies and the lifting up of all

accounted worthy to be sons of God. This is

recorded in verses 76-79. It tells how John the

Baptist would be the forerunner of the Lord’s



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special Servant, Jesus, to pave the way for Hisgreat work. That great work would be to give

the knowledge of salvation to thousands whowere already God’s people, to show them the

“high calling” of this present Age. Thus in God’s

tender mercy the Church sees and is enlight-ened by the “Morning Star” or “Day Star” before

the Sun of Righteousness arises to scatter thedarkness of mankind during Messiah’s reign.

This lesser light of the present time shines intothe hearts of believers with sanctifying power

and sets them afire with zeal for the Truth.They in turn shine forth upon those who are sit-

ting in the shadow of death. This “Day Star”

guides the feet of the saints in the way of peace,even while still in the time of trouble and before

the New Dispensation is ushered in.

Matthew 1:1-25

The book of the generation of JesusChrist, the son of David, the son of Abra-

ham. Abraham begat Isaac; and Isaacbegat Jacob; and Jacob begat Judas andhis brethren; And Judas begat Phares andZara of Tamar; and Phares begat Esrom;and Esrom begat Aram; And Aram begatAminadab; and Aminadab begat Naasson;and Naasson begat Salmon; And Salmonbegat Boaz of Rahab; and Boaz begatObed of Ruth; and Obed begat Jesse; AndJesse begat David the king; and David theking begat Solomon of her that had beenthe wife of Uriah; And Solomon begatRoboam; and Roboam begat Abia; and

Abia begat Asa; And Asa begatJehoshaphat; and Jehoshaphat begatJoram; and Joram begat Ozias; And Oziasbegat Joatham; and Joatham begatAchaz; and Achaz begat Ezekias; AndEzekias begat Manasses; and Manassesbegat Amon; and Amon begat Josiah; AndJosiah begat Jechoniah and his brethren,about the time they were carried away toBabylon: And after they were brought toBabylon, Jechoniah begat Shealtiel; andShealtiel begat Zorobabel; And Zorobabelbegat Abiud; and Abiud begat Eliakim;

and Eliakim begat Azor; And Azor begatSadoc; and Sadoc begat Achim; andAchim begat Eliud; And Eliud begatEleazar; and Eleazar begat Matthan; andMatthan begat Jacob; And Jacob begatJoseph the husband of Mary, of whom wasborn Jesus, who is called Christ. So all thegen erations from Abraham to David arefourteen generations; and from David until

the car ry ing away into Bab y lon are four-teen generations; and from the carryingaway into Babylon unto Christ are four-

teen generations. Now the birth of JesusChrist was on this wise: When as hismother Mary was espoused to Joseph,before they came together, she was foundwith child of the Holy Ghost. Then Josephher husband, being a just man, and notwilling to make her a public example, wasminded to put her away priv ily. But whilehe thought on these things, behold, theangel of the Lord appeared unto him in adream, saying, Joseph, thou son of David,fear not to take unto thee Mary thy wife;for that which is conceived in her is of the

Holy Ghost. And she shall bring forth ason, and thou shalt call his name JESUS:for he shall save his peo ple from theirsins. Now all this was done, that it mightbe fulfilled which was spoken of the Lordby the prophet, saying, Behold, a virginshall be with child, and shall bring forth ason, and they shall call his name Emman-uel, which being interpreted is, God withus. Then Joseph being raised from sleepdid as the angel of the Lord had biddenhim, and took unto him his wife: Andknew her not till she had brought forth her

firstborn son: and he called his nameJESUS.

Luke 2:1-7

And it came to pass in those days, thatthere went out a decree from CaesarAugustus, that all the world should betaxed. (And this taxing was first madewhen Cyrenius was governor of Syria.)



2 B.C. Oct. BethlehemBirth of Jesus (the Word, through whom all other

things had come into existence) as descendantof Abraham and of David

1:1-25 2:1-7 1:1-5,9-14


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And all went to be taxed, every one intohis own city. And Joseph also went upfrom Galilee, out of the city of Nazareth,into Judea, unto the city of David, which iscalled Bethlehem; because (he was of thehouse and lineage of David:) To be taxedwith Mary his espoused wife, being greatwith child. And so it was, that, while they

were there, the days were accom plishedthat she should be delivered. And shebrought forth her firstborn son, andwrapped him in swaddling clothes, andlaid him in a manger; because there wasno room for them in the inn.

John 1:1-5,9-14In the beginning was the Word, and theWord was with God, and the Word wasGod. The same was in the beginning withGod. All things were made by him; andwithout him was not any thing made that

was made. In him was life; and the life

was the light of men. And the light shineth

in darkness; and the darkness compre-

hended it not. … That was the true Light,

which lighteth every man that com eth into

the world. He was in the world, and the

world was made by him, and the world

knew him not. He came unto his own, andhis own received him not. But as many as

received him, to them gave he power to

become the sons of God, even to them

that believe on his name: Which were

born, not of blood, nor of the will of the

flesh, nor of the will of man, but of God.

And the Word was made flesh, and dwelt

among us, (and we beheld his glory, the

glory as of the only begot ten of the

Father,) full of grace and truth.

“THE TRUE LIGHT THAT LIGHTETH EVERY MAN.” — Reprints, p. 2408JOHN 1:1-14.

“In him was life, and the life was the light of men.”—John 1:4.

REACHING far into the past, to the beginning

of earth’s creation as mentioned in Genesis, our

lesson informs us that even then the Logos, the

Word, existed, with God. “The Word” is a very

good title for our Lord Jesus in his prehuman

condition: it is the translation of the Greekword Logos, which might more literally be ren-

dered, “the Expression:” for the great and hon-

orable one, the heavenly Father’s companion

“before the world was” made, who is declared

to have been “the beginning of the creation of

God,” was in every sense of the word a full and

complete expression of the divine will, mind,

purpose, character. Of this First-begot ten-one

the Apostle writes that he was “in the form of

God”—a likeness of Jeho vah (Phil. 2:6), but he

does not claim, as our common version would

appear to make him say, that the Logos thoughtit not robbery to be equal with the Father,

Jehovah God. The Apostle’s argument is to the

very contrary of this: he is showing that the

Logos was fully subservient to Jehovah; and

that it was a proof of this subserviency and

obedience and humility, that the Logos became

flesh, the “man Christ Jesus.” And further, in

harmony with the same humility and obedience

to the Father, he became obedient to death,

even the death of the cross; and on this account

(“wherefore”) Jehovah God highly exalted him

by a resurrection to the divine nature, far above

angels, principalities, powers, and every namethat is named,—to a position higher than any

other, higher than his prehuman condition, next

to the Father, and an associate of his throne,

his glory, his power, his nature.

What the Apostle does say is to the very con-

trary of the statement of our common transla-

tion. A good translation is furnished in the

Emphatic Diaglott: —“Who, tho being in God’s

form, did not meditate a usurpation to be like

God, but divested himself, taking a bondman’s

form.” This is in agreement with the rendering

of the passage by various Greek scholars, thus:“Who … did not think it a mat ter to be ear-

nestly desired,”—Clarke; “Did not earnestly

affect,”—Cyprian; “Did not think of eagerly re-

taining,”—Wakefield; “Did not regard … as an

object of solicitous desire,”—Stewart; “Thought

not … a thing to be seized,”—Sharpe; “Did not

eagerly grasp,”—Kneeland; “Did not violently



23/582

strive,”—Dickinson; “Did not meditate a usur-

pation,”—Turnbull; “Who, being in the form of

God, counted it not a prize [margin, a thing to

be grasped] to be on an equality with God, but

emptied himself, taking the form of a servant.”

— Revised Version.

But altho the Scriptures nowhere place the

only begotten and well-beloved Son of God onan equality with Jehovah himself, either while

he was here on earth, nor while he was the

Logos, before he was “made flesh,” they do

assure us that now, in his highly exalted condi-

tion, the Logos still, Christ Jesus still, he is

partaker of the divine nature, glory and all

power in heaven and in earth; and accordingly

we are instructed that “all men should honor

the Son, even as they honor the Father.” (John

5:23.) However, our lesson introduces us to our

Redeemer in his prehuman condition, a spirit

condition, higher than the angels, and assures

us that all things were made by him: literally,

“Without him was not one thing made that was

made.” Thus we see that in all of Jehovah’s cre-

ative work on every plane the Logos had prefer-

ence—“that in all things he might have the

preeminence.”—Col. 1:18.

The number of Bible students who are non-

critical is very large. It is not, there fore, sur -

prising that many have fallen into the error of

supposing that this first verse of John’s Gospel

is a declaration that the Logos was the fullequal of Jehovah—that the Word, the message,

was the full equal to the one who sent the

Word, the expression, the message. Yet this is

contradictory to reason, as well as contradictory

to the testimony of our Lord Jesus himself, who

unequivocally declared, “Of mine own self I can

do nothing; as I hear I judge;” and again, “The

Father is greater than I.”—John 5:30; 14:28.

Scholars are all aware that the word that

is translated God in the Old Testament is not

equivalent to the word Jehovah. Altho its sig-

nificance is “mighty one,” it is frequently usedfor others besides the All-mighty, Jehovah: it is

used for angels; it is used for great men; it is

used for false gods. The word Jehovah is the

specific name for the All-mighty One, to whom

all other elohim (gods—mighty ones) are sub-

ject. So in the New Testament, the word theos is

the equivalent to elohim, and signifies mighty

one. It is used in the New Testament most fre-

quently in reference to Jehovah himself, but

some times, in referring to man, and to false

gods, and several times in referring to our Lord

Jesus. The first verse of John’s Gospel is a

marked instance of the use of theos in refer ring

to Jehovah’s Logos, his Only Begotten Son, “the

beginning of the creation of God.” (Rev. 3:14.)But the critical Greek student should find no

difficulty in distinguishing between these two

Gods, and noting that the one is distinctly re -

ferred to as the superior of the other, for this

distinction is clearly shown by the use of the

Greek article before theos in referring to Jeho-

vah, and the absence of that article when theos

is used in referring to the Logos. The effect of

this, expressed in our English language, would

render the passage thus“

In the beginning was the Logos, and the

Logos was with the God, and the Logos was a

God. The same was in the beginning with the

God.”

This translation will not be disputed by any

Greek scholar; and it sets at rest all ground for

dispute respecting the primary relationship

between the Father and the Son. Indeed, the

expressions, “Father” and “Son” imply what is

elsewhere stated,—that the Son “proceeded

forth and came from God” (John 8:42). Other-

wise these terms, Father and Son, are mean-

ingless. A son can never be his own father, norcan it be claimed that a son never had a begin -

ning, for the term, son, implies a life, existence,

being, which had a beginning, and which was

derived from a father. The Scriptures, when

permitted to interpret themselves, are beauti-

fully consistent, and harmoniously reasonable.

But when warped and twisted by preconceived

ideas and false doctrines, the light of truth

becomes darkness, and mystery is written upon

everything connected therewith—not the mys-

tery of God, however, but “the mystery of iniq-

uity,” of darkness, of error.“In him was life.” Our Lord’s separateness

from the human family is thus pointed out: in

no other man than “the man Christ Jesus” was

there life. In all the race of Adam, the entire

human family, aside from Jesus, death was

work ing; it thus reigned in the entire race from

the time father Adam became disobedient and



24/582

forfeited the life that was in him originally, and

was able to impart to his posterity only dying

conditions. It was this life in Christ—the fact

that he was separate from sinners, holy, harm-

less, undefiled, that constituted this Savior,

whom the Father sent, a beacon light of hope

for our race. Had he in any manner forfeited his

rights to life, either before he came to humanconditions, or while he was the man Christ

Jesus, our light of hope would have been extin-

guished: but possess ing his rights to life he,

accord ing to the Father’s pro gram, laid down

his life on our behalf—a corresponding price

for the life of Adam, which had been forfeited

through sin;—a cor responding price, there fore,

for all who had a share in Adam’s death pen-

alty.

Having thus bought us with his own precious

blood, he thus became light-giver, hope-giver, to

the world of mankind, and also its life-giver.

Praise God for this great light and life pro vided

for a dying world; and altho it is true that the

light shone amidst the darkness of human de -

pravity without being generally comprehended

or appreciated, it is also true, nevertheless, that

“that was the true [antitypical, the real, genu-

ine, not counterfeit or typical] light, which

lighteth every man that cometh into the world.”

It mat ters not, therefore, that this true light

was not comprehended and appreciated by the

Jews in the days of his flesh, and that he is notcomprehended even today by the world of man-

kind; he, nevertheless, is the true light, and in

the Father’s due time he shall accomplish the

great plan of God, of which he is the center, the

expression, the Logos;—he shall enlighten

every man born into the world. Nor shall any be

permitted to languish in darkness, or to fail of

eternal life by reason of lack of knowledge; in

due time all the blind eyes shall be opened, all

the deaf ears shall be unstopped, and the blind

shall see out of obscurity the great Light which

God has raised up, to be a prince and a Saviorfor whosoever cometh unto the Father through

him.—Isa. 35:5; John 8:12; 14:6.

True, only a minority have yet seen this

light, for still “Darkness cov ers the earth, and

gross darkness the people.” (Isa. 60:2.) We are

waiting, however, for the glorious Millennial

Day in which this great light, this true light,

shall shine forth as the sun in the Kingdom of

the Father, and when his faithful ones, his jew-

els, cho sen and pol ished during this time of

darkness, shall be glorified with himself, and

be associated in the great work of enlightening

mankind, and as the Seed of Abraham, in bless-

ing all the families of the earth with this

enlightenment, and with accompanying op-portunities for harmony with God, and eternal

life.—Matt. 13:43; Rom. 8:17; Gal. 3:16,29; Gen.

22:17, 18.

Nothing in this, however, offers excuses for

those catching even a glimpse of this great light

in the present time. Blessed are their eyes if

they see, and their ears, if they hear, and such

will have the graver responsibilities and “stripes,”

if they do not walk according to the light which

they have received.—Luke 12:47,48.

The Apostle carefully distinguishes between

the messenger of the light and the Light itself.

Subsequently (John 5:35) our Lord speaks of

John the Baptist as a burning and a shining

lamp (mistranslated light). A totally different

Greek word is used when our Lord is spoken of

as being the Light, but this same Greek word,

phos, is used with respect to the Church which

is the Body of Christ, and with her Lord par-

taker of the holy spirit. Respecting these mem-

bers of his Body, members of the ecclesia, the

elect, our Lord expressly says, “Ye are the light

of the world,” using the very same Greek wordthat in this lesson is used with respect to him-

self. It is this same word, phos, that is used in

the following Scriptures: “If the light that is in

thee become darkness;” “The children of the

light;” “What union hath light with darkness?”

“Put on the armor of light;” “Now are ye light

in the Lord;” “Walk as children of the light;”

“Out of darkness into his marvelous light;”

“Walk in the light, as he is in the light.” A sim-

ilar distinction, as between John and Christ, is

to be noted in the fact that our Lord is the

Logos, the Word, while John the Baptist wasnot the Word, but was merely “A voice cry ing in

the wilderness.”

When the Logos was made flesh, became the

man Christ Jesus, altho he was in a world

which he had created by the Father’s power

vested in him, yet the world did not recognize

him, and even his own nation, to whom he spe-



25/582

cially presented himself, received him not. Nev-

ertheless, some of them received him, and as

many of them as did so were blessed—blessed

with the power and privilege of becoming sons

of God, whereas previously their highest possi-

bility had been to be God’s servants and

friends. Here we note the change of dispensa-

tion from the Jewish to the Christian, and thatthis change was made possible by something

which our Lord did or offered. What he did was

to redeem the Jews from the sentence of the

Law Covenant, under which they rested, and to

redeem all mankind from the death sentence

which came upon all through Adam’s disobe di-

ence.

Until this ransom had been paid to divine

Justice, the condemned ones could not be re-

ceived back to the condition of sonship primar-

ily en joyed by father Adam, but forfeited forhimself and posterity when he became a sinner.

The mission of the great Light into world was

not only to redeem man’s life, but also to en-

lighten him and to restore as many as may be

willing to accept sonship, and this work has not

yet been accomplished. Nay, it may be said

scarcely to have begun, for only a remnant of

his own nation received the true Light; and

only a little flock in all, from every kindred,

nation or people, have received him and his

blessing, as now offered to mankind,—the vast

majority being blinded by Satan, and thus hin-

dered from seeing the true Light, as the Apostle

explains.—2 Cor. 4:4.

Those called during this time of darkness,

when gross darkness covers the people, are

called to what the Scriptures denominate a

“high calling,” a heavenly calling—not merely

to a restoration to human nature, and its privi-

leges and bless ings lost through sin: they are

called to spe cial fellowship with the Logos him-

self—called to be partakers of his light, and

sharers with him in the future work of enlight-ening and blessing the world. These are sons of

God in an especial sense—in a sense different

from Adam even in his state of innocence.

(Luke 3:38.) These are invited to be sons of God

on a plane of son ship higher than the angelic

sons; viz., as heirs of God, joint-heirs with the

Logos, partakers with him of the divine nature,

which is far above angelic and all other

natures.—2 Pet. 1:4; Rom. 8:17.

This power to become sons of God is not

granted to sin ners, but to the jus tified—to

those who have been justified by faith, by

believing on his name. These are begotten, not

after the ordinary manner in which fleshly chil-

dren are begotten, not by blood, nor has the willof the flesh anything whatever to do with their

begetting, as it always has to do with the beget-

ting and character in a fleshly begetting. In

their begetting of the spirit of the truth, altho

that truth may be presented through human

agencies, the begetting cannot be accomplished

by the will of man, but only in proportion as the

natural will is re jected and ignored, and the

will of God received instead. The Apostle James

(1:18) explains this begetting, saying, “Of his

own will begat he us with the word of truth,

that we should be a kind of first fruits of his

creatures.” These “new creatures in Christ

Jesus,” sons of God and prospectively joint-

heirs with Christ, are expected to receive of the

Father’s spirit so fully (through the word of his

grace) that they will be willing to suffer re-

proach for his cause and his truth, and like the

Logos himself be willing to lay down their lives

for the brethren, in harmony with the divine

arrangement of this age, as liv ing sacrifices to

God, holy, accept able through Christ. And it is

only upon condition that they suffer with Christthat they may hope eventually to be his joint-

heirs in the Kingdom and glory and power

promised him by the Father.—Rom. 8:17; John

1:11,12.

The fourteenth verse goes back to take up the

sub ject at the same point as verse five, and to

repeat the narrative from another standpoint.

“The Logos was made flesh, and dwelt among

us.” This does not teach what is ordinarily

called the doctrine of the Incarnation, which is

understood to signify that the only begotten of

the Father, the Logos, came as a spirit being,and inhabited a fleshly or human body for a

time, and was again liberated from that body at

or about the time that the body was crucified.

This view of the incarnation of the Logos makes

nonsense of much of the Scripture, and be-

clouds and mystifies the minds of many Bible

students. From this standpoint they think of



26/582

our Lord as really a spirit being, who never

ceased to be a spirit being, and who never was

in any sense of the word a man, a human being,

but who merely appeared to be a human being,

but actually was not. From this standpoint of

view our Lord’s prayers to the Father, his temp-

tations in the wilderness, and his tears and

dying cry are all made to appear as so muchclever acting; because this false claim makes it

appear that he really was so far above human

conditions that he could not be tried, tempted,

suffer, etc. Furthermore, it implies that he did

not really die, but merely appeared to die, and

that at the moment the flesh was cru cified the

Logos merely stepped out, and became a silent

invisible spectator of the tragedy of Cal vary.

But it was no such farcical sacrifice for sins,

and pretended death without dying, that God

had typified during the preceding sixteen hun-

dred years, in the sacrifice of bulls and of goats,

etc., year after year continually. Adam’s death-

sentence was a real sentence, a genuine pen-

alty, and the ransom by which we are made free

from sin was a no less real sacrifice, which our

Lord—“the man Christ Jesus”—gave on our be-

half.—1 Tim. 2:5,6.

The Apostle assures us that he who was rich

for our sakes became poor: he did not merely

pretend to be poor, by merely putting on an

outer coat of a lower nature, but he actually

became poor, actually left the glory and honorof a higher nature, he actually humbled himself

and took human nature;—not, however, fallen

human nature, not sinful flesh, but the human

nature unfallen, the likeness of human ity free

from its blemishes through sin and death.

This is in exact accord with the Scriptures

under consideration, “He was made flesh:” liter-

ally, “he became flesh.” Nothing less than this

great stoop or humiliation enabled him to be

our Redeemer, and qualified him to give to God

the ransom price for man’s transgression; as it

is written, “By a man came death, by a manalso came the resurrection.” It was a man that

was sentenced to death, and neither an angel’s

life, nor the archangel’s life, nor any other life

than a man’s life could be the “corresponding

price” which would release Adam and his pos-

terity from the death penalty. Just so the sac ri-

fice of lower animals could never take away sin;

because, altho innocent of sin, they were not of

the same identical nature as the sinner, and

therefore could not be accepted of divine justice

as man’s ransom price. The Logos did not die in

his change from spirit nature to human nature;but when “the man Christ Jesus” died, it was

the full giving up of life in every sense of the

word—nothing was retained; “He gave all that

he had” (Matt. 13:44,46),—he gave his life, the

life of the man Christ Jesus, which had previ-

ously been the life of the Logos. His being

ended: “He poured out his soul [being] unto

death; he made his soul [being] an offering for

sin.” This is further testi fied to by the Lord

himself who, after his resurrection, declared, “I

am he that liveth and was dead—behold, I amalive forever more.” “Christ dieth no more;

death hath no more dominion over him.”—Isa.

53:10,12; Rev. 1:18; Rom. 6:9.

“We beheld his glory,” his grandeur, his per-

fection, his nobility; it shone out clearly to those

who had eyes to see it—those who were not

blinded by the prince of this world. These very

glories of the man Christ Jesus attest fully that

he was not of the sinner race of Adam, but that

he was indeed an exception to all mankind;

giving evidence of having been begotten of the

heavenly Father, in that he was full of graceand truth. “As he was so are we in this world,”

says the Apostle: and altho we are by nature

sinners and children of wrath even as others,

yet by grace we have been begotten again to a

new nature, and this grace of God operating in

our hearts, enlightening, purifying, sanctifying,

should, gradually at least, transform us, change

us “from glory to glory,” bringing us more and

more to the likeness of God’s dear Son, our

Redeemer and Lord, to whom, with God the

Father, be praise and thanksgiving now andfor ever, for “so great salvation, which at the

first began to be spoken by our Lord, and was

confirmed unto us by them that heard him.”—

Heb. 2:3.



27/582

“THE WORD WAS MADE FLESH.” — Reprints, p. 2555LUKE 2:1-16.

“Thou shalt call his name Jesus, for he shall save his peo ple from their sins.”—Matthew 1:21.

JESUS is the topic of the International SundaySchool Lesson course for the entire year 1900.

It should be a very profitable study, for the

more intimately we know our dear Redeemer inthe light of the Scriptures the more we shallappreciate him, love him and seek to copy him.

No other life than his could bear so continual

and close a scrutiny, yet always be full of freshrevelations of moral dignity and character—

any other life similarly studied and criticizedwould reveal its seamy side of weakness, sin

and ignobility. Of the four records, only John’s attempts to

trace our Lord’s genealogy to the heavenly

source, and to show us that before he was made

flesh he was a spirit being with the Father anda sharer of his glory—a god with the God. Butall of the Evangelists are clear in their state-

ment that he “was made flesh”—not that heremained a spirit being, and assumed flesh as

clothing in which to appear to men, but, how-ever explainable, that the life power of the

spirit being, the Logos, became the life power of

the human being, born of a woman and underthe Law, sub ject to all the condi tions and cir-

cumstances of the Jews. Matthew traces Joseph’sgenealogy; for altho the statement is clear that

Jesus was not the son of Joseph, nevertheless,being adopted by him as his son, he might,

without impropriety, inherit through him.

Luke shows the genealogy of Mary, by whichour Lord was actu ally related, accord ing to the

flesh, to our race and to the royal family of David through the line of Nathan.

The time of our Lord’s birth was an auspi-

cious one in several respects, and very evident-

ly divine wisdom had exercised itself in respect

to the world’s affairs by way of preparation for

this important event: (1) The spirit of world-

conquering that began with Nebuchadnezzar’skingdom was favorable to it, in the sense that it

brought the vari ous fam ilies or nations of man -

kind into closer contact with each other, broad-

ening their ideas. (2) This policy had resulted in

the transplanting of peoples from one land to

another, and thus had made them more cosmo-

politan in their sentiments. (3) Israel and

Judah, thus transplanted in their captivity to

Babylon, became so attached to the new condi-

tions that comparatively few of them availed

themselves of the offer of Cyrus to return totheir own land, only about fifty thousand of all

the tribes, out of several millions. The Jews

among the Gentiles were by no means lost and

had by no means abandoned all of their hopes

in the Abrahamic Covenant nor all of their

faithfulness to the Mosaic Law—altho they

were lax in these matters and too full of a love

of gain and ease to cultivate the spirit of Israel-

ites indeed. Nevertheless, they had their influ-

ence amongst all the nations with whom they

dwelt, and were witnesses to the hopes of Israel

in the one God and in a coming Messiah, theSon of God, to be the world’s Deliverer. (4) The

triumph for a time of the Greek Empire had

brought to the civ ilized world a highly devel -

oped literature—the Greek language had

reached its zenith, and was the literary lan-

guage of the civilized world. (5) The Roman Em-

pire had conquered the world and was in the

height of its power, and as a result there was a

time of universal peace, and hence a more

favorable time than any before for the an-

nouncement of the Gospel and for the safety of

its representatives in passing from nation tonation. (6) Israel itself had reached probably its

highest development, intellectually, morally

and religiously, and additionally we are told in

the Scriptures that “All men were in expecta-

tion” of the Messiah’s coming.—Luke 3:15.It was just at this most appropriate time, as

divinely arranged for, that Caesar Augustus,

the Roman Emperor, issued his decree respect-

ing the taxing of his worldwide empire. The

decree was not merely an assessment of taxes,

but was rather a census, or enrollment for taxa-

tion. But instead of sending assessors to thepeople, according to the present custom, the ar-

rangement then was that every male citizen

must report himself at the headquarters of his

own family line. This was the occasion for the

coming of Joseph and his espoused wife, Mary,

the mother of Jesus, to Bethlehem, their native

city or fam ily city, for they were both of the

PRIOR TO JESU

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Life of Christ by Pastor Charles T. Russell

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