LIGHTINGinHazardous (Classified) Locations
Topics
What is a Hazardous Location?
Who Classifies Hazardous Areas?
Common Hazardous Location Areas
Mechanics of Gas & Vapor Explosions
Lighting for Hazardous Locations
Hazardous Locations
Two Main Categories of Industrial Area Electrical Installations
Ordinary Locations Shock & Fire Hazards
Hazardous (Classified) Locations Explosion Hazards
Who Classifies Hazardous Areas?
Electrical Inspector
Engineer of Record
Owner
Expert
Insurance Company
MANUFACTURERS DO NOT CLASSIFY
Hazardous Locations
First Hazardous Areas
Hazardous Locations Hazardous Location Defined
Gases
Vapors Liquids
Dust Fibers/Flyings
Classes, Divisions & Groups
Class I- Gasses
Class II- Dust
Class III- Fibers/Flyings
Classes, Divisions & Groups
Classifications
“Divisions” (Zones)
Division 1 ( Zone 0 & 1 )
– Normally hazardous
– Normally present
Division 2 ( Zone 2 )
– Not normally hazardous
– Not normally present
Hazardous Locations
Hazardous Location Risks
Fire Explosion Breakdown Equipment Damage
Hazardous Locations
First Method of Protection
Common Hazardous Locations
Grain Delivery Elevator
Textile & Apparel Industry
Common Hazardous Locations
Waste Water Treatment Plant
Common Hazardous Locations
Refineries
Mechanics of an Explosion
Fire Triangle
Prevents Fire or Explosion
OXYGEN
FUEL
IGNITION
COMBUSTION
Hazardous Location Lighting
Explosion Proof Enclosures
Contain the explosion
Prevent the escape of hot gases
Allow only the cool gases to escape
XP Enclosure Explosion occurs inthe enclosure
Gases cool before reaching hazardous area
Hazardous Location Equipment
Hazardous Location Equipment
Common Flame-path
Threaded Joint
Hazardous Location Equipment
Common Flame-path
Ground/Flat Joint
Hazardous Location Equipment
Play - Explosion Demo Videos
Mechanics of an Explosion
Sources of Ignition
Arcing & Sparking Devices Sparking Metals Heat Static Electricity Loose Connections
Hazardous Location and LED
Key Issues
Safety
Harsh environments
Maintenance expenses
Lifecycle costs
Environmental pollution
SAFETYBeyond
Economic Impact $$
Maintenance Free Operation
Lower Temperature
Codes
Vibration, Corrosion,
Dust & Water
Resistance
Lighting Quality
Electrical Protection
& Reliability
Installation
Hazardous Location and LED –Safety
Hazardous Location and LED – Harsh Environments
Hazardous Location and LED –Maintenance Savings
Permit Paperwork Job Safety Analysis
Driving to jobsite Getting Equipment
Getting to fixture Fixture Setup
HID/FL Disposal Closing Permit
Average time to replace light fixture = 5 Hours
% of time using• Ladders – 60%• Man Lift – 20%• Bucket Truck – 15%• Scaffolding* – 5%
* Time to build Scaffolding• 10ft = 16 hrs• 20ft = 20 hrs
P Hours
Q Hours
R Hours
S Hours
Hazardous Location and LED
LED Advantages
Long Life Light Source
– Dim gradually over time
– LEDs rarely fail catastrophically
– Excellent lumen maintenance
– 70% sustained lumens at 60K hours
– Eliminates frequent maintenance
– Typical HID 7K to 15K
Durable Light Source
- Contain no filaments or glass
Hazardous Location and LED
LED Advantages
Long Life
Energy Efficient
Durable
Small Size
Mercury free
Instant On
Dimming capabilities
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Hazardous Location and LED
Directional Light source– Minimizes any wasted light– Places more light on task– Improves overall fixture efficiency
LED Conventional Lighting
Ref
lect
or
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Hazardous Location and LED
Instant Start
– Requires no warm up
– No loss of light at cold temperature
Environmentally Friendly
– Contains no mercury
– Energy efficient
– Reduced disposal cost
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LED fixtures have been well received for use in hazardous locations and harsh industrial
locations
Hazardous Location and LED
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Questions ?
Hazardous Location and LED