LITERARYANALYSIS
LA 8.2.1.2 - LA 8.2.1.7LA 8.2.2.1 - LA 8.6.1.1
Story format – How does an author put together a story?
FIVE GENRES OF LITERATURE
Fiction •Imaginative or made up writing
•Realistic - has no elements of fantasy; could be true but isn’t
•Historical -set in the past and based on real people and/or events
•Science - has aliens, robots, futuristic technology and/or space ships
•Fantasy - has monsters, magic, or characters with superpowers
Drama• a play or script
• Comedy - has a happy ending.
• Tragedy - ends in death and sadness
Folklore•stories once passed down orally
•Fairy Tale -has magic and/or talking animals.
•Legend - Based on a real person or place; exaggerated in a serious way
•Tall Tale - Set in the Wild West, the American frontier; exaggeration is humorous
•Myth - has gods/goddesses and usually accounts for the creation of something
•Fable - also have talking animals, but fables are VERY short
Non Fiction•writing that is true
•Informational Writing - explains something
•Persuasive Writing - tries to influence the reader
•Biography - writing about someone else’s life
•Autobiography - life story written by oneself
Poetry• writing con-cerned with the beauty of language
STANDARD
8.2.1.2.
ELEMENTS OF PLOTSimple Story –
Elementary School plot structure
More complex plot or novel
STANDARD
8.2.1.2.
Exposition: background information a reader must understand in order to know what is going on in the story Conflict: complication or problem the main
character(s) must deal with; it gets the action moving Rising Action: events (and more conflicts) that
occur when the main character tackles the problem; level of excitement and suspense builds
Climax: the main character comes face to face with the problem; most exciting part of the story
Falling Action: things begin to get back to normal; life goes on (even if the problem isn't solved)
Denoument (Resolve): loose ends are tied off; allows reader to clearly understand what happened
TERMS TO KNOW
STANDARD
8.2.1.2.
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Easy PlannerBook 1-Literature Standards Les. 5
CHARACTERS
ProtagonistFaced with the conflict that must be resolved
AntagonistRepresents the obstacle the protagonist
must overcome
MINOR
• serve to complement the major characters
• help move the plot events forward
STATIC
• Does not change over time
• Personality does not transform or evolve
FLAT
• Usually have one distinguishing trait or one specific role in story
• Exist mainly to advance events in the plot
MAJOR
• Leading roles• Most important• Most developed or well-
rounded• Vital to resolution of
conflict
DYNAMIC
• Changes over time, usually as result of resolving a central conflict
ROUND
•Display full range of emotions & feelings
•Have both strengths & weaknesses
•Their complexity may lead them into conflict both internal & external.
vs.
STANDARD
8.2.1.2.
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Easy PlannerBook 1-Literature Standards Les. 1
CHARACTER TRAITSH
ow does the reader get to
know the character?
Direct comments about the character’
s personalit
y
Physical descriptio
n of character’
s appearanc
e
Character’s speech, actions,
and thoughts
How other’s react to
the character
Direct Characterization - Narrator explicitly (clearly stated) describes a character.
Indirect Characterization - Character traits revealed through actions or are implicit (not clearly stated, implied).
STANDARD
8.2.1.2.
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Easy PlannerBook 1-Literature Standards Les. 1
CHARACTER MOTIVATIONstated reasons (author can state
the reasons) backgroun
d, speech, thoughts, actions
(notice what the character does
or says)
key events (how does
the character interact
with others)
consider human nature
(what do you know about
human nature)
infer the motives
(author can imply
the reasons)
Why do characters behave
the way they do?
STANDARD
8.2.1.2.
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Easy PlannerBook 1-Literature Standards Les. 2
CONFLICTS
• society
• self
• man• nature
Man vs.
Man vs.
Man vs.
Man vs.
external
external
external
internal
What problem
s plague the character(s) ?
STANDARD
8.2.1.2.
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Easy PlannerBook 1-Literature Standards Les. 6
POINT OF VIEW
First Person• character in story• I, we• character’s
thoughts
Second Person• author tells YOU• you• thoughts are your
own
Third Person• Author/narrator• He, she, they• Objective – no ones
thoughts• Limited – one
character’s thoughts
• Omniscient – several character’s thoughts
Who is telling the story? W
hose thoughts do I know
?
STANDARD
8.2.1.2.
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Easy PlannerBook 1-Literature Standards Les. 11
SETTING• life• era• history• day
• location• physical
• mood• weather• word choice• feelings
TIME
ATMOSPHERE
PLACE
Where and w
hen does the story take place?
STANDARD
8.2.1.2.
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Easy PlannerBook 1-Literature Standards Les. 9
THEME
stated message that is stated directly
or is immediately obvious
implied a message that is not stated
and must be inferred by the reader
recurring a theme that can be found in
different texts, often of the same time period or cultureuniversal
a theme that is found throughout all of literature, in
different cultures and in different time periods
a m
essa
ge (n
ot a
wor
d, it
is a
sent
ence
) abo
ut li
fe o
r hum
an n
atur
e
that
the
write
r sha
res
with
the
read
er
Themes are im
plied and bigger than the story
.
STANDARD
8.2.1.2.
YOUR
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Easy PlannerBook 1-Literature Standards Les. 13
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Easy PlannerBook 1-Literature Standards Les. 13
People: How many people are introduced? How well do you get to know them?
Places: How many places, or settings, are described? How much do you get to know
them?
Events: How many events are covered? How much time do
these events span? How much do you learn about them?
Topic: what is the topic? How many aspects of it are
discussed?
SCOPE
Narrow Scope:Fewer people, places, events, or ideas
Broad Scope:Many people, or events; cover a long period of time
DESCRIPTIVE LANGUAGEWhen writing descriptions, two types of
descriptive words -- adjectives and adverbs -- can be used to make the description more specific.
speaker’s attitude
emotional effect thatthe text creates for
the audience
STANDARD
8.2.1.7.
POSITIVE TONE WORDS+
NEUTRAL (+, -, or neutral)
NEGATIVE TONE WORDS-
admiringadoring
affectionateappreciativeapprovingbemused
benevolentblithecalm
casualcelebratory
cheerfulcomforting
comiccompassionatecomplimentary
conciliatoryconfidentcontenteddelightfulearnestebullientecstaticeffusiveelated
empatheticencouraging
euphoricexcited
exhilaratedexpectantfacetiousferventflippant
forthrightfriendlyfunnygleefulgushyhappy
hilarioushopeful
humorousinterested
introspective jovialjoyful
laudatorylightlively
mirthfulmodest
nostalgicoptimisticpassionate
placidplayful
poignantproud
reassuringreflectiverelaxed
respectfulreverentromanticsanguinescholarly
self-assured sentimental
serenesilly
sprightlystraightforward
sympathetictender
tranquilwhimsical
wistfulworshipful
zealous
commanding
directimpartialindirect
meditativeobjective
questioning
speculativeunambiguo
usunconcerne
dunderstate
d
abhorringacerbic
ambiguousambivalent
angryannoyed
antagonisticanxious
apatheticapprehensive
belligerentbewildered
bitingbitterbluntbossycold
conceitedcondescending
confusedcontemptuous
curtcynical
demandingdepressedderisive
derogatorydesolate
despairingdesperatedetacheddiabolic
disappointeddisliking
disrespectfuldoubtful
embarrassedenragedevasivefatalisticfearfulforceful
forebodingfrantic
frightenedfrustrated
furiousgloomygrave
greedygrimharsh
haughtyholier-than-thou
hopeless
hostileimpatient
incredulous indifferentindignant
inflammatoryinsecureinsolent
irreverentlethargic
melancholymischievousmiserablemockingmournfulnervousominousoutragedparanoidpathetic
patronizingpedanticpensive
pessimisticpretentiouspsychoticresignedreticentsarcasticsardonicscornful
self-deprecatingselfishseriousseveresinister
skepticalsly
solemnsombersternstolid
stressfulstrident
suspicioustense
threateningtragic
uncertainuneasy
unfriendlyunsympathetic
upsetviolent
wry
TONE
POSITIVE MOOD WORDS NEGATIVE MOOD WORDSamused
awedbouncy
calmcheerfulchipper
confidentcontemplative
contentdetermined
dignifieddreamyecstatic
empoweredenergetic
enlightenedenthralled
excitedexhilarated
flirtygiddy
gratefulharmonious
hopefulhyperidyllicjoyous
jubilantliberating
light-heartedlovingmellow
nostalgicoptimisticpassionatepeacefulplayfulpleased
refreshedrejuvenated
relaxedrelievedsatiatedsatisfied
sentimentalsilly
surprisedsympathetic
thankfulthoughtful
touchedtrustful
vivaciouswarm
welcoming
aggravatedannoyedanxious
apatheticapprehensive
barrenbrooding
coldconfiningconfusedcranky
crushedcynical
depresseddesolate
disappointeddiscontented
distresseddraineddreary
embarrassedenragedenvious
exhaustedfatalistic
forebodingfrustrated
futilegloomygrumpy
hauntingheartbroken
hopelesshostile
indifferentinfuriated
insidiousintimidated
irateirritatedjealous
lethargiclonely
melancholicmerciless
moodymorose
nauseatednervous
nightmarishnumb
overwhelmedpainfulpensive
pessimisticpredatoryrejectedrestlessscaredserious
sicksomberstressed
suspensefultense
terrifyingthreatening
uncomfortablevengefulviolentworried
MOOD
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Easy PlannerBook 1-Literature Standards Les. 38/39
FIGURATIVE LANGUAGETerm Definition Example
Alliteration The repetition of usually initial consonant
sounds in two or more neighboring words or syllables
The wild and woolly walrus waits and wonders when we'll walk by
Assonance A resemblance of sound in words or syllables
holy & stony and
Fleet feet sweep by sleeping geese
Cliché A word or phrase that has become overly familiar or commonplace No pain, no gain
Hyperbole Big exaggeration, usually with humor mile-high ice-cream cones
Idiom words together have a meaning that is different from the dictionary definitions of
the individual wordsShe sings at the top of her lungs
Metaphor Comparing two things by using one kind of object or using in place of another to suggest the likeness between them Her hair was silk
Onomatopoeia
Naming a thing or an action by imitating the sound associated with it buzz, hiss, roar, woof
Personificatio
n Giving something human qualities The stuffed bear smiled as the little boy hugged him close
Simile A figure of speech comparing two unlike things that is often introduced by like or as
The sun is like a yellow ball of fire in the sky
…is a linguistic tool used to depict something in a manner other than literal.
STANDARD
8.2.1.7.
YOUR
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Alliteration
Assonance
Onomatopoeia
Personification
Similes & Metaphors
Easy PlannerBook 1-Literature Standards Les. 22/23
TEXT FEATURES boldface typebulleted list
captionfootnote
graphic aidheading
key wordnumbered list
lettered listreview questions
sidebarsubheading
title
. . . are design elements that highlight the organization and especially importantinformation in a text
STANDARD
8.6.1.1.
STANDARD
8.2.2.1.
YOUR
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Easy PlannerBook 2-Reading Standards Les. 1
THIS PRESENTATION WAS CREATED BY:
MRS. BEATRIZ TRUEBA, MS
Language Arts 8th gradeJorge Mas Canosa Middle School
FCAT
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